The document discusses the importance of understanding chord harmony for guitarists, particularly in blues music, and introduces various techniques for embellishing chord progressions, including chord substitutions. It illustrates how substitutions can maintain harmonic integrity and create smoother chord melody runs, using examples of specific chords and their relationships. Additionally, the podcast includes a bluesy chord melody lick that demonstrates these concepts in practice.

1. Blues turnaround chord melody lick
Podcast #1 - Additional notes
© Copyright Darren Dutson Bromley 2012

2. Blues turnaround chord melody lick.
As a guitarist, regardless of the style of music you play, it is important to have a good
grasp of chords and how harmony works. This is often neglected with many players
learning a few ‘off the peg’ shapes and then devoting all their energies to learning scales
and soloing. Having an understanding of how chords are constructed and their relationship
to each other will help develop improvisational skills as well as been a satisfying and
challenging topic worthy of extended study in its own right. While many of these podcasts
focus on different soloing techniques there are a number which try to encourage and
develop harmonic knowledge.
A blues progression as we think of it today is usually a twelve-bar sequence, which in its
most basic form consists of three or four chords. This can be developed and more chords
can be added. Over the next fifty two weeks I’ll keep returning to blues progressions and
look at ways in which they can be expanded.
A blues progression in the key of Bb could be played like this.

3. One way in which a chord sequence can be embellished is with chord substitution, literally
replacing one chord with another. This isn’t generally a random affair as the substitute
chord needs to maintain the harmonic integrity of the chord it is replacing.
For example:
It is possible to replace the Cma7 of the original progression with Em7. Harmonically the
Cma7 and the Em7 have similar qualities and depending on the melody this particular
substitution is very common.
Many substitutions revolve around dominant chords such as G7.
One common substitution is replacing the dominant chord with a minor 7th chord whose
root lies a perfect 5th above. The term perfect 5th refers to the interval of the note in the
scale.
The C major scale for example consists of the notes
C D E F G A B C
The distance between the first note C and the second note D is a major 2nd.
C to E is a major 3rd
C to F is a perfect 4th
C to G is a perfect 5th
C to A is a major 6th
C to B is a major 7th
C to C is a perfect 8th or octave.
An easy way of finding a perfect 5th above a note is to play a note two frets above on the
next string down. This works on the sixth, fifth and fourth and second strings but note the
third as the second string is tuned different. Here it would be two frets higher.

4. Looking at the chord F7, the root note is F. The note a perfect 5th above F is C, this is the
root of the minor 7th chord we can use as a substitute for F7, it is therefore possible to
play Cm7 as a substitute for F7. Often this kind of substitute is followed by the original
chord.
For example:
Could be played as:
The progression has more harmonic movement now and this is a good way of creating
interest to a chord sequence.
Another benefit of this technique is in creating smoother chord melody runs by alternating
either the original dominant chord or its substitute minor 7th chord.
For example here is a run which can be played over a G7 chord:
The note a perfect 5th above G is D giving us the option of playing a Dm7 chord as well as
G7. The run alternates between Dm7 and G7 giving the opportunity to play a harmonised
scale run while the underlying harmony remains as G7.
The lick discussed in the podcast uses the above technique to create a useful bluesy
chord melody lick which can be used in many applications.

5. Heres the lick:
The above lick fits over F7 and resolves on to Bb7 fitting rather well with bars 10 and 11 in
a Bb blues sequence.
As we’ve just discussed it is possible to play Cm7 as a substitute for F7. The start of the
lick is based on Cm7 played in three different inversions.
To these inversions of Cm7 some additional melody notes are added.

6. Its very easy to get over analytical here and start looking at them as Cm9 and Cm7sus4.
Melody notes are often added to chords, particularly in chord melody playing and while it is
a really good thing to have a complete understanding of the harmony (it should be a goal
to achieve this) often it is more practical and more musical to see these as simpler shapes
with additional notes added which is invariably how they were conceived.
The next chord is F13 which is approached by F#13 as a chromatic approach chord. You
can approach any chord or note from one fret above or below. This is a device used a lot
in soloing as well as chord playing.
The Bb7 is played as Bb9. Here the root note is omitted. It is possible to omit notes and
still maintain all the relevant tonality of the chord. The 5th is often dropped from chords,
particularly dominant chords. This will be covered in much more detail later.
It would be a good idea to learn the lick in different keys and feel free to adapt it. Also try
using the minor 7th substitution in other situations.
See you next time