The document discusses methods for extracting and analyzing phenolic compounds from plants. It describes various extraction techniques including maceration, solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. It also discusses analytical methods for identification and quantification of phenolic compounds including chromatography, spectrophotometry and spectroscopy. The focus is on optimizing extraction parameters and analytical techniques for effective separation and characterization of phenolic compounds.
3. • !
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primary metabolites. They are more limited in
distribution being found usually in specific families.
They are not necessary for growth and development,
but may serve as pollination attractants,
environmental adaptations, or protection.
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Solvent ½ h -24 h
Filtration
Pooled
Up to 72 hr Solvent renewed
two-three
Solvent
Sample
Stirred
Shacken
Solvent
Sample
Universal
Prolonged ext. time improves efficiency but
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Heating
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expansion and rupture of cell walls
Weakening van der Waals forces between solute & matrix
liberation of phenolics
Only polar solvents are used for MAE
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