Planning is a mental process that involves deciding in advance what actions to take, how to execute them, and when to do so in order to achieve defined goals. The document outlines that planning is goal-oriented, continuous, and helps provide direction, reduce uncertainty, and encourage innovation. It also discusses some potential drawbacks and lists the typical steps involved in the planning process.

2. 
Planning is a forethought. It means deciding
in advance what to do how to do and when to
do.

3. 
Planning is a mental activity.
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Planning is goal-oriented.
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Planning is a primary function.
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Planning is all-pervasive.
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Planning is a continuous process.

4. 
Costly process.
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Rigidity.
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Influence of external factors.
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Lack of accuracy.
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Time Consuming.

5. 
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Focuses attention on objectives and result
Reduces uncertainty and risk
Provides sense of direction
Encourages innovation and creativity
Helps in co-ordination
Guides decision-making
Provide efficiency in operation.

6. The main step in planning process are as
follow:Step 1- IDENTIFY ISSUES & SET GOALS
Step 2- DEVELOPING PREMISES
Step 3- CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE
step 4- EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE
Step 5- SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE
Step 6- IMPLEMENT PLAN
Step 7- FOLLOW UP ACTION

7. 
Established on 2nd October 1961.
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It started with 19 vessels.
Its fleets include :
bulk carriers, container ships, oil tankers,
passenger-cum-cargo ships, etc.
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9. 
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They are committed to be the flag bearers of
the nation.
They focus on modernization, expansion and
diversification of its fleet.
They are also interested in setting up joint
ventures

10. 
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Bharati shipyard ltd. – Anchor handling,
towing and supply vessel.
Jiangsu Eastern Heavy industries, ChinaKamsarmax bulk carrier.
Jiangsu Rongsheng heavy industry, ChinaVLCCs
STX Shipbuilding Company, China- container
vessels.
Rongsheng Shenfie Shipbuilding, China- one
container vessel.
ABG Shipyard Ltd Surat- Anchor handling,
towing and supply vessel.