The document discusses two key Supreme Court cases related to public interest litigation (PIL) in India: 1) Joseph Shine v. UOI (2019) decriminalized adultery by striking down Section 497 of the IPC, finding it violated Articles 14, 15 and 21 of the Constitution by discriminating against women and infringing on privacy and dignity. 2) Arjun Gopal & Ors. v. UOI (2017) addressed a blanket ban on firecrackers and balanced the right to clean air under Article 21 with livelihood interests. It issued limited directions instead of a complete ban.