scoliosis is defined as lateral curvature of the spinal curve.If we can identify at early stage, it can be treated.Identifying the cause and treating it plays an important role in correcting scoliosis.Normal cobbs angle is less than 10 degrees.More than 40 degees is severe scoliosisStructural/Non-structural Rt handed individuals,there is mild rt thoracic curve,left lumbar S-curve,or a mild left thoracolumbar C-curve. Assymmetry in the hips,pelvis, and lower exremities. Forward bending-rib hump posteriorly present.EXERCISE PROGRAM: stretching of tight myofascia and muscular tissue by- a)Hanging on roman rings or overhead bar b)Lateral bending towards convex side in sitting position. Strengthening for strength and endurance of the weaker muscles on the convex side scoliotic curve can be divided into primary and secondary curves.there also exist major double curves and thrible curve.Adult idiopathic scoiliosis is the commonest type of scoliosis.This type of scoliosis is divided into infantile, juvenile,adolescent type.limb length discrepancy is one of the main cause of acquired scoilosIs.2 types of scoliotic curves can commonly be seen,Primary curve and secondary curve. Primary curve has 1 structural curve.secondary curve has 2 structural curves. one may be primary and other may be secondary.Postural scoliosis can be corrected easily if identified early. Adams test is done to find out postural curve from structural curve. scoliometer is a device used to find out rib hump.The scoliometer is an inclinometer designed to measure trunk asymmetry, or axial trunk rotation. It’s used at three areas: at upper thoracic (T3-T4), main thoracic (T5-T12) and at the thoraco-lumbar area (T12-L1 or L2-L3). If the measurement is equal to 0°, there is a symmetry at the particular level of the trunk. An asymmetry at the particular level of the trunk is found, if the scoliometer measurement is equal to any other value.Moderate-cobb’s angle 20-40 Severe-cobbs’ angle>40 Investigation:-x-rays 1)Cobb’s angle measurement-Line passing through the upper border of the upper limit vertebrae of the deformity and another line passing through the lower border of the lower limit vertebrae of the deformity is drawn.1)Associated with rotation of vertebrae 2)Forward bending test shows the presence of rib hump. 3)On side bending, the curve persists Secondary curve disappears on forward bending,primary curve remains Mild-cobb’s angle<20 Perpendiculars are drawn on these line. The angle of deviation of these lines from a straight line is the cobb’s angle. 2)Nash and Moe’s method to measure vertebral rotation-Position of pedicles on a PA x-ray indicate the vertebral rotation. TREATMENT:1)Cobb’s angle<20-repeated follow-up and observation. If no increase in curve-no treatment 2)Cobb’s angle>20 and non-progressing-Milwaukee brace 3)Cobb’s angle>40 and progressing-surgical fusion. Cobb’s angle>60-surgical fusion If no increase in curve-no treatment 2)Cobb’s angle>20 and non-progressin