The document discusses syntax, which is the study of how phrases and sentences are constructed from morphemes and words. It explains the concept of syntactic categories and introduces phrase structure trees as a formal representation of sentence structures. Additionally, it includes an exercise for creating phrase structure trees from example sentences.

1. PHRASE STRUCTURE
TREE
PREPARED BY: ROSEBELLA B. CARREDO

2. • Syntax
• Knowing a language includes the ability to
construct phrases and sentences out of
morphemes and words.
• The part of the grammar that represents a
speaker’s knowledge of these structures and
their formation is called “syntax”.
• In other words, syntax is the study of sentence
patterns of language.

3. • Syntactic category is a set of words and or
phrases in a language which share a significant
number of common characteristics.
1. Parts of Speech
2. Phrase Structure Grammars
3. Sentence

4. Sentence :S Noun Phrase :NP
Determiner :Det Verb Phrase :VP
Adjective :Adj
Adverb :Adv
Noun :N
Verb :V
Pronoun :Pro
Preposition :P
Auxiliary Verb :Aux
Preposition Phrase :PP
Adverb Phrase :AdvP
Adjective Phrase :AdjP

5. • Noun Phrase(NP)
• Adjective Phrase(AdjP)
• Verb Phrase(VP)
• Adverb Phrase(AdvP)
• Preposition Phrase(PP)

6. PHRASE STRUCTURE TREE
• Also called constituent structure tree.
• It is a tree diagram with syntactic category
information provided.
• Shows that a sentence is both linear string of
words and a hierarchical structure with phrases
nested in phrases (combination of phrase
structure)
• It is a formal device for representing speaker’s
knowledge about phrase structure in speech.

7. “The child found the puppy”

17. Exercise:
Group Activity
Draw a phrase structure
tree out of the given
sentences.

18. 1. The Cat plays piano.
2. John lost his pants.
3. It is under the box.
4. He hit the ball.
5. John waved.
6. Alsatians are big.
7. it’s raining.