This document describes reservoir characterization and advanced seismic interpretation services offered by PetroExplorers, including: 1) Rock physics analysis, synthetic modeling, seismic inversion, and AVO/LMR analysis to characterize lithology and fluid properties. 2) Sequence stratigraphic interpretation, seismic facies analysis, and spectral decomposition to analyze depositional environments. 3) Fault and fracture analysis using techniques like dip steering, curvature, and AVAZ/VVAZ to characterize fracturing.

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RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION SERVICES
ATTRIBUTES / INVERSION
WELLS & GEOLOGY
Rock Physics Analysis
Cross-Plotting
Synthetic Wedge Models
1D, 2D, 3D Modelling
Fluid Substitution
NEURAL NETWORKS
Pre-stack Gathers and
Velocities
AVO/LMR/AVAZ
Post-stack
Pre-stack Synthetic
Seismic AVO Attributes
Simultaneous Inversion
AVO/LMR Inversion
Brittleness Inversion
AVAZ/VVAZ – Fracture
Density Maps
Seismic Facies Classification
ChimneyCube
SaltCube
Neural Network Inversion (Porosity
Cubes, V-shale, Saturation)
Hydrocarbon Probability Cube
Similarity Cubes
Dip Steering Cubes
Thinned Fault Likelihood
Deterministic Inversion
Colored Inversion
Volume Curvature Analyses
ADVANCED INTERPRETATION
HorizonCube
Spectral Decomposition
Seismic Sequence
Stratigraphy
Wheeler Diagrams
ROCK PHYSICS
True Amplitude
Processing
SEISMIC

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SOFTWARE – A COMPLETE TOOLBOX
Canadian Representative
Canadian Representative

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Worldwide Projects

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TYPICAL PROJECT LAYOUT
Rock Physics and Synthetic
Modeling
Dip, Curvature and
Multiattribute visualization
Fault and
Chimney
Analysis
Seismic
Sedimentology
AVAZ/VVAZ
and Multi-
Component
Pre-stack
AVO/LMR
Inversion
Integrated Reservoir Model
Rock Properties and Fluid Prediction
Post-Stack
Inversion
Sequence
Stratigraphy
(HC)
Geological Model and Facies Prediction
Qualitative Quantitative

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Dip-Steering
FAULTS/FRACTURE ANALYSES
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ
similarity
Dip steered
similarity
Volume Curvature
Thinned Fault Likelihood

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SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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SPECTRAL DECOMPOSITION
Example of fluvial deposition, Cabonera Fm, Llanos Basin, Colombia presented at AAPG ICE 2013, Cartagena
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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Seismic geomorphology and
sequence stratigraphy could lead
to opportunities.
Seismic Facies analysis of Lower
Notikewin channel shows a point
bar aligning with a shear zone.
SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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SW-NE cross-section flattened on top of PS4 (Kakwa sand
member, Cardium Fm, Canada)
Present day example – Galveston, Texas
SW
NE
CASE STUDY – POST STACK INVERSION
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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LMR Analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Lambda-Rho (incompressibility)
Mu-Rho(rigidity)
Coals Shales
Gas sand
Tight Gas
Sand Carbonates
Cemented
Siltstones
Sandstones
Gas Effect
Porosity
Siltstones
Sandstones
AVO/LMR ROCK PHYSICS
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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AVO/LMR – More definitive tool can be transformed more
accurately to lithology and fluids
Lambda-Rho (incompressibility)
Mu-Rho (Rigidity)
Coals
Lambda-Rho (incompressibility)
Mu-Rho(Rigidity)
Tight calcareous sands
Gas siltstones
Low permeability
Lambda-Rho vs Mu-Rho x-plot do have physical
meaning related to the rocks and can be derived
seismically as well.
Pre-drill analysis for well 12-10. Falher F and G
sandstones with AVO effect
AVO/LMR – PRE-STACK LITHOLOGY AND FLUID DETECTION
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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AVAZ - FRACTURE DENSITY AND ORIENTATION
Fracture Density and Orientation derived from AVAZ Gradient residuals can be shown by glyphs. Input from
VVAZ can also be combined with the results.
Fracture Density and Orientation
FAULTSSEQSTRATFACIESINVERSIONAVO/LMRAVAZ

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Thank You!
YOUR EXPLORATION PARTNERS