Big data fundamentals is a course taught by instructor Raul Chong. The student taking the course is Jigar Patel, and the date of the course material is August 8, 2015. This brief document appears to provide identifying information for a student, instructor, course name, and date, but does not include any other contextual details.
Bespoke Kitchens is a company that designs and installs custom kitchens. The company is owned and operated by Lewis James, who goes by his initials LJ. Bespoke Kitchens offers personalized kitchen design services.
Este documento presenta un plan de negocios para establecer una microempresa dedicada a la elaboración y comercialización de helados artesanales en Nanegalito, Ecuador. Incluye secciones sobre los antecedentes históricos y referenciales de los helados, la fundamentación filosófica y científica del proyecto, un análisis FODA, los objetivos generales y específicos, y los resultados de encuestas realizadas sobre el precio y la demanda de helados artesanales en la zona. El autor concluye que existe una o
Big data fundamentals is a course taught by instructor Raul Chong. The student taking the course is Jigar Patel, and the date of the course material is August 8, 2015. This brief document appears to provide identifying information for a student, instructor, course name, and date, but does not include any other contextual details.
Bespoke Kitchens is a company that designs and installs custom kitchens. The company is owned and operated by Lewis James, who goes by his initials LJ. Bespoke Kitchens offers personalized kitchen design services.
Este documento presenta un plan de negocios para establecer una microempresa dedicada a la elaboración y comercialización de helados artesanales en Nanegalito, Ecuador. Incluye secciones sobre los antecedentes históricos y referenciales de los helados, la fundamentación filosófica y científica del proyecto, un análisis FODA, los objetivos generales y específicos, y los resultados de encuestas realizadas sobre el precio y la demanda de helados artesanales en la zona. El autor concluye que existe una o
Los alimentos que comemos proporcionan nutrientes que nuestro cuerpo utiliza para funcionar correctamente. El cuerpo descompone los alimentos en moléculas más pequeñas que pueden absorberse en el torrente sanguíneo y utilizarse para producir energía, reparar células y tejidos, regular los procesos corporales y mantenernos saludables.
El documento clasifica a los vertebrados en cinco grupos - peces, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos - y describe algunas de sus características distintivas, como la presencia de escamas, plumas o pelo, y sus métodos de reproducción y desarrollo.
Este documento trata sobre el burocratismo en las organizaciones. Define el burocratismo como el poder que viene detrás de un escritorio. Explica que el burocratismo se caracteriza por procedimientos explícitos y regularizados, división de responsabilidades y especialización del trabajo, jerarquía y relaciones impersonales. También señala que el burocratismo permite que las normas dictadas por las autoridades se ejecuten de manera precisa y acorde a procedimientos ya estipulados, reduciendo el error humano y
El documento proporciona instrucciones en 3 pasos para participar con éxito en el Sistema Nacional de Nivelación y Admisión (SNNA) en Ecuador. Primero, los estudiantes deben crear una cuenta de usuario en el sitio web del SNNA y completar el registro con sus datos personales. Segundo, deben revisar continuamente el sitio para conocer la fecha de la evaluación ENES. Tercero, siguiendo estos pasos los estudiantes podrán rendir con éxito la evaluación ENES requerida para el proceso del SNNA.
Las redes sociales son estructuras sociales compuestas de grupos de personas conectadas a través de relaciones como amistad o intereses comunes. Permiten compartir información personal, fotos y mensajes. Aunque ofrecen ventajas como mantenerse en contacto con otros, también plantean riesgos como la pérdida de privacidad o exceso de tiempo en ellas. Ejemplos populares son Facebook, que comenzó en universidades, y Twitter, para intercambio de intereses.
Borland li etal effects of a fact sheet harm reduction journal2012Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that explored how providing information in a fact sheet could help correct misperceptions about the relative harmfulness of nicotine replacement products and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes. The study surveyed convenience samples in 4 countries about their beliefs, provided a fact sheet explaining nicotine is less harmful than thought and why, then resurveyed them. The fact sheet increased knowledge and belief that smokeless tobacco is less harmful, but misconceptions remained. Interest in using smokeless tobacco increased in all samples, and interest in nicotine replacement products increased only in the US sample. A single fact sheet can help address misperceptions but is not enough to overcome ingrained beliefs about relative product harms.
Rb ll etal cessation assistance in 15 countriesAlexander Li
There was wide variation across 15 countries in rates of recent quit attempts by smokers, ranging from under 20% to over 50%. There was also variability in the percentage of smokers who visited healthcare professionals, ranging from under 20% to over 70%. Among those who visited professionals, the percentage who received advice to quit ranged greatly, from under 20% to over 65%. Reported use of cessation medications among recent quitters was generally higher in high-income countries than middle-income countries, ranging from over 40% to negligible. Use of behavioral supports like quitlines was typically lower than medication use.
Ll etal itc 4 pos warnings and quitting-addiction_publishedAlexander Li
This study examined the association between exposure to point-of-sale anti-smoking warnings and smokers' interest in quitting and quit attempts. It analyzed data from 2002-2008 from over 21,000 smokers in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US. It found that Australian smokers reported higher awareness of POS warnings compared to the other countries. In Australia, exposure to POS warnings was significantly associated with greater interest in quitting and more prospective quit attempts, after controlling for other factors. This association was not found in the other countries where POS warnings were less prominent. The results suggest that prominent POS warnings can prompt quitting behavior in smokers.
Kasza li etal the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations int j enviro...Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations in reducing smokers' awareness of tobacco advertising and promotions in 4 countries between 2002-2008. The study found:
1) Tobacco marketing regulations were associated with significant reductions in reported awareness of tobacco marketing, especially immediately after regulations were implemented.
2) Reductions in awareness were generally consistent across socioeconomic groups, though some exceptions were noted.
3) While regulations reduced awareness through many channels, some gaps remain - particularly for in-store marketing and price promotions. More regulation is still needed in some countries and channels.
The acceptibility of nicotine products two pilot studiesAlexander Li
This document summarizes two pilot studies that explored smokers' acceptability of using nicotine-containing products as alternatives to cigarettes. The studies found that nicotine lozenges were the most popular products tested. A significant minority preferred smokeless tobacco products. Use of the alternative products stimulated interest in quitting smoking for many participants. While some failed to use all the products provided, most were interested in future use, primarily to help quit rather than as long-term substitutes. The studies indicate an untapped interest in using less harmful substitutes to reduce harm from smoking.
Li et al china predictors of quitting paper published versionAlexander Li
This research report examines predictors of quitting behaviors among adult smokers in six cities in China using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. The study followed 4732 smokers surveyed in 2006, with 3863 respondents re-contacted in 2007. The study found that 25.3% of smokers reported making a quit attempt in the follow-up period, with 21.7% of those still abstaining from smoking. Independent predictors of making a quit attempt included higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, stronger immediate quitting intentions, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinions of smoking, and smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit included older age, longer previous abstinence
Los alimentos que comemos proporcionan nutrientes que nuestro cuerpo utiliza para funcionar correctamente. El cuerpo descompone los alimentos en moléculas más pequeñas que pueden absorberse en el torrente sanguíneo y utilizarse para producir energía, reparar células y tejidos, regular los procesos corporales y mantenernos saludables.
El documento clasifica a los vertebrados en cinco grupos - peces, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos - y describe algunas de sus características distintivas, como la presencia de escamas, plumas o pelo, y sus métodos de reproducción y desarrollo.
Este documento trata sobre el burocratismo en las organizaciones. Define el burocratismo como el poder que viene detrás de un escritorio. Explica que el burocratismo se caracteriza por procedimientos explícitos y regularizados, división de responsabilidades y especialización del trabajo, jerarquía y relaciones impersonales. También señala que el burocratismo permite que las normas dictadas por las autoridades se ejecuten de manera precisa y acorde a procedimientos ya estipulados, reduciendo el error humano y
El documento proporciona instrucciones en 3 pasos para participar con éxito en el Sistema Nacional de Nivelación y Admisión (SNNA) en Ecuador. Primero, los estudiantes deben crear una cuenta de usuario en el sitio web del SNNA y completar el registro con sus datos personales. Segundo, deben revisar continuamente el sitio para conocer la fecha de la evaluación ENES. Tercero, siguiendo estos pasos los estudiantes podrán rendir con éxito la evaluación ENES requerida para el proceso del SNNA.
Las redes sociales son estructuras sociales compuestas de grupos de personas conectadas a través de relaciones como amistad o intereses comunes. Permiten compartir información personal, fotos y mensajes. Aunque ofrecen ventajas como mantenerse en contacto con otros, también plantean riesgos como la pérdida de privacidad o exceso de tiempo en ellas. Ejemplos populares son Facebook, que comenzó en universidades, y Twitter, para intercambio de intereses.
Borland li etal effects of a fact sheet harm reduction journal2012Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that explored how providing information in a fact sheet could help correct misperceptions about the relative harmfulness of nicotine replacement products and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes. The study surveyed convenience samples in 4 countries about their beliefs, provided a fact sheet explaining nicotine is less harmful than thought and why, then resurveyed them. The fact sheet increased knowledge and belief that smokeless tobacco is less harmful, but misconceptions remained. Interest in using smokeless tobacco increased in all samples, and interest in nicotine replacement products increased only in the US sample. A single fact sheet can help address misperceptions but is not enough to overcome ingrained beliefs about relative product harms.
Rb ll etal cessation assistance in 15 countriesAlexander Li
There was wide variation across 15 countries in rates of recent quit attempts by smokers, ranging from under 20% to over 50%. There was also variability in the percentage of smokers who visited healthcare professionals, ranging from under 20% to over 70%. Among those who visited professionals, the percentage who received advice to quit ranged greatly, from under 20% to over 65%. Reported use of cessation medications among recent quitters was generally higher in high-income countries than middle-income countries, ranging from over 40% to negligible. Use of behavioral supports like quitlines was typically lower than medication use.
Ll etal itc 4 pos warnings and quitting-addiction_publishedAlexander Li
This study examined the association between exposure to point-of-sale anti-smoking warnings and smokers' interest in quitting and quit attempts. It analyzed data from 2002-2008 from over 21,000 smokers in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US. It found that Australian smokers reported higher awareness of POS warnings compared to the other countries. In Australia, exposure to POS warnings was significantly associated with greater interest in quitting and more prospective quit attempts, after controlling for other factors. This association was not found in the other countries where POS warnings were less prominent. The results suggest that prominent POS warnings can prompt quitting behavior in smokers.
Kasza li etal the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations int j enviro...Alexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations in reducing smokers' awareness of tobacco advertising and promotions in 4 countries between 2002-2008. The study found:
1) Tobacco marketing regulations were associated with significant reductions in reported awareness of tobacco marketing, especially immediately after regulations were implemented.
2) Reductions in awareness were generally consistent across socioeconomic groups, though some exceptions were noted.
3) While regulations reduced awareness through many channels, some gaps remain - particularly for in-store marketing and price promotions. More regulation is still needed in some countries and channels.
The acceptibility of nicotine products two pilot studiesAlexander Li
This document summarizes two pilot studies that explored smokers' acceptability of using nicotine-containing products as alternatives to cigarettes. The studies found that nicotine lozenges were the most popular products tested. A significant minority preferred smokeless tobacco products. Use of the alternative products stimulated interest in quitting smoking for many participants. While some failed to use all the products provided, most were interested in future use, primarily to help quit rather than as long-term substitutes. The studies indicate an untapped interest in using less harmful substitutes to reduce harm from smoking.
Li et al china predictors of quitting paper published versionAlexander Li
This research report examines predictors of quitting behaviors among adult smokers in six cities in China using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. The study followed 4732 smokers surveyed in 2006, with 3863 respondents re-contacted in 2007. The study found that 25.3% of smokers reported making a quit attempt in the follow-up period, with 21.7% of those still abstaining from smoking. Independent predictors of making a quit attempt included higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, stronger immediate quitting intentions, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinions of smoking, and smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit included older age, longer previous abstinence
Liu rl et al second hand smoke in restaurants and barsAlexander Li
This study measured levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) in 404 restaurants and bars across 5 cities in China to assess exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS). They found that venues where smoking was observed had significantly higher indoor PM2.5 levels (geometric mean of 208 μg/m3) than venues without smoking (99 μg/m3). Indoor PM2.5 levels were positively correlated with both outdoor PM2.5 levels and the density of active smokers. The results document high levels of SHS in hospitality venues in China and highlight the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws to protect the public, as called for in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Beliefs about the relative harm of light and low tar cigs itc chinaAlexander Li
This document discusses beliefs about "light" and "low tar" cigarettes among smokers in China. It finds that half of Chinese smokers surveyed had tried such cigarettes and the majority (71%) believed they are less harmful than regular cigarettes. The strongest predictor of this belief was that light/low tar cigarettes feel smoother on the respiratory system. However, evidence shows light/low tar cigarettes are no less harmful. The marketing of these cigarettes in China has been less common than in Western nations but tar levels are listed on packs. Misperceptions about reduced harm need addressing through tobacco control policies.
Factors associated with intentions to quit itc chinaAlexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six Chinese cities. The study found that past quit attempts, duration of past attempts, level of nicotine dependence, beliefs about the outcomes of quitting, worry about future health effects, and overall opinion of smoking were independently associated with intentions to quit. Demographic characteristics were not associated with quit intentions. The determinants of quit intentions among Chinese smokers are similar to those found in Western countries, despite lower interest in quitting smoking among Chinese smokers overall.
Predictors of smoking cessation in malaysia and thailandAlexander Li
This study examined predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. The study found that more Thai than Malaysian smokers reported making quit attempts between survey waves. Multivariate analyses showed that smoking fewer cigarettes per day, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more immediate quitting intentions predicted both making a quit attempt and staying quit in both countries. Previous shorter quit attempts and higher health concerns predicted making an attempt, while prior abstinence and older age predicted maintenance of cessation. Predictors of quitting in Malaysia and Thailand appear similar to those in Western countries but differ in potentially important ways.
The australian quit coach published versionAlexander Li
The document compares users of the QuitCoach, an online smoking cessation program, to smokers in general and users of telephone quitlines. It finds that QuitCoach users are more likely to be female, younger, and have higher daily cigarette consumption than average smokers. QuitCoach users are also younger than quitline users, though less likely to be under 20. Half of QuitCoach users access it after setting a quit date. Usage increases during periods of anti-smoking advertising campaigns. The study concludes the QuitCoach successfully targets moderately addicted smokers but more promotion is needed to increase awareness and usage.
Tobacco advertising in china compared to thailand australia usaAlexander Li
1) The study compared awareness of tobacco advertising and promotion among smokers in China, Thailand, Australia, and the US - countries with different tobacco control policies.
2) In China, over a third of smokers reported noticing tobacco advertisements on television, billboards, and in stores - the highest levels of any country. A quarter noticed tobacco sponsorships.
3) Overall awareness of tobacco marketing was significantly higher in China than in Thailand and Australia, but lower than in the US, indicating a gap between China and countries with stronger tobacco control policies.
4) China needs to do more to restrict tobacco promotion, including enhancing policies and enforcement, to reduce high levels of marketing awareness among smokers.
The document summarizes research conducted in Australia to determine the optimal design of plain cigarette packaging, including selecting a drab color, font style and size for the brand name, and expanding the size and placement of graphic health warnings. Through a series of online and in-person studies, researchers identified "Dark Olive" as the best color and a 75% non-split graphic health warning as providing the greatest impact.
S25 2 how do we measure secondhand smoke- erika avila-tangAlexander Li
This document summarizes approaches for measuring secondhand smoke exposure. It discusses questionnaires, biological samples like cotinine and NNAL, and environmental samples like air nicotine and particulate matter. Questionnaires are commonly used but need accuracy testing. Biological samples indicate recent or long-term exposure but have limitations. Air nicotine and particulate matter monitors provide objective measures but have costs. The best approach depends on the study objectives, subjects, and resources. Further research is still needed to improve exposure assessment methods.
S32 6 movies are products - stanton glantzAlexander Li
Stanton A. Glantz is a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He holds a PhD and teaches medicine at UC San Francisco. The document provides biographical information about Stanton A. Glantz and his role as a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco.
S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve th...Alexander Li
The document discusses integrating tobacco control interventions into maternal and child health programs to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals of reducing maternal and child mortality. Tobacco use can negatively impact maternal health through increased risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, and maternal death. It can also increase risk of poor birth outcomes like preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant death. The document outlines the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth globally, as well as secondhand smoke exposure. It proposes screening for tobacco use in antenatal care and providing counseling and resources to help women quit.
S31 1 integrating tobacco control and maternal and child health to achieve th...Alexander Li
The document discusses integrating tobacco control interventions into maternal and child health programs to help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals of reducing maternal and child mortality. Tobacco use can negatively impact maternal health through increased risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, and maternal death. It can also increase risk of poor birth outcomes like preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant death. The document outlines the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth globally, as well as secondhand smoke exposure. It proposes screening for tobacco use in antenatal care and providing counseling and resources to help women quit.
S26 5 smoking, standard of living, and poverty in china- hu teh-weiAlexander Li
1) Smoking reduces household disposable income which can decrease standards of living through lower expenditures on food, housing, clothing, and education. This may lead to impoverishment.
2) A study of Chinese households found that smoking households spent 8-10% of their budgets on cigarettes instead of other necessities, with poorer households spending a larger share.
3) The study estimated that an additional yuan or pack of cigarettes per month reduced total non-tobacco expenditures by around 2-5 yuan, mostly impacting spending on food, housing, and clothing.
Hp1 1 the tobacco altas 10th anniversay Alexander Li
The document summarizes a presentation about the 10th anniversary of the Tobacco Atlas. It discusses the global tobacco epidemic from public health, economic, and political perspectives. Some key points include that tobacco causes over 6 million deaths per year, with over 80% of deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. It also discusses trends in tobacco consumption, production, and control policies around the world. The Tobacco Atlas is presented as a tool to empower advocates and inspire policymakers to take action against the tobacco epidemic.
S22 1 hazards of smoking and the benefits of stopping- sir richard petoAlexander Li
The document summarizes research on the hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping smoking. It finds that smokers have about half the risk of death compared to non-smokers if they stop by age 40. The Million Women Study found current smokers have over 3 times the mortality rate of never smokers. Ex-smokers who quit by age 35-44 had mortality rates similar to never smokers. Without changes, tobacco could cause over 1 billion deaths worldwide in the 21st century, emphasizing the importance of smoking cessation.