Ibogaine has been used informally in New Zealand for substance dependency treatment for years. In 2009, increased awareness led to its scheduling as an unapproved prescription medicine. The first prescribed treatment occurred in 2010. Current research involves a New Zealand observational study on long-term efficacy being conducted by MAPS. This study has followed participants for up to 12 months after treatment, finding that 50% of those followed for 11-12 months remained free of opioids. Ibogaine treatment carries inherent risks that require screening and 24-hour supervision.