1. Group Members: Tesse Maciejko, Kristal Coker,
Melanie Thomas, and Cody Martinez
http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=7731733
2. Patricia Summitt Profile
• Patricia Sue Head Summitt,
age 59, born June 14, 1952
• Graduated from Cheatham
County High School, Ashland
City, Tenn., 1970
• Received B.S. in physical
education from UT-Martin,
1974
• Received M.S. in physical
education from UT-Knoxville,
1975
• Has a son by the name of Ross
Tyler Summitt, born Sept. 21,
1990
• Home is Knoxville, Tenn.
(grew up on a farm)
3. Profile cont.
• ‘70-’74, played for UT Martin, graduated as all
time leading scorer with 1,045 pts.
• Co-captain of the ‘76 Olympic team, ‘75 world
championship team
• Head coach emeritus of the University of
Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team
• 2012 concluded a 38 year tenure
• 1,098 -208 overall record
• 2011 was diagnosed w/ early onset dementia,
“Alzheimer's”
4. Accomplishments
• All-time winningest coach in NCAA basketball
history (men’s or women’s in any division)
• 1974-2012, Lady Vols, 8 NCAA national
championships
• Only coach in NCAA history, and 1 of 3 college
coaches, w/ at least 1,000 victories
• Naismith Basketball Coach of the Century (April
2000)
5. Accomplishments cont..
• Sporting News placed her #11 on its list of the 50
Greatest Coaches of All Time in all sports (only
woman on list)
• 38 years as a coach, never had a losing season
• 2012, awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom
by President Barack Obama
• Received the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at the
2012 ESPY Awards
6. Honors
• 1990: Inducted into the International Women's
Sports Hall of Fame as a coach, the first year
coaches were honored.
• 1999: Inducted into the Women's Basketball
Hall of Fame as a member of the inaugural class.
• 2000: Inducted into the Naismith Memorial
Basketball Hall of Fame.
• 2011: Named Sports Illustrated's Sportswoman
of the Year (She shared the
Sportsman/Sportswoman honor with Duke
University men's basketball head coach Mike
Krzyzewski.)
7. Honors cont.
• Summitt is the only person to have two courts used
by NCAA Division I basketball teams named in her
honor: "Pat Head Summitt Court" at the University
of Tennessee at Martin, and "The Summitt" at the
University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
• She also has two streets named after her: "Pat Head
Summitt Street" on the University of Tennessee
campus and "Pat Head Summitt Avenue" on the
University of Tennessee at Martin campus.
• 2013: Inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame on June
19
8. Awards and honors
• 16-time SEC Champions (1980, 1985, 1990, 1993,
1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004,[11] 2007,[44] 2010, 2011)
• 16-time SEC Tournament Champions (1980, 1985,
1988, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000,
2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012)[11]
• 8-time SEC Coach of the Year (1983, 1995, 1998,
2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2011)[45]
• 7-time NCAA Coach of the Year (1983, 1987, 1989,
1994, 1995, 1998, 2004)[11]
• 8-time NCAA Champions (1987, 1989, 1991, 1996,
1997, 1998, 2007, 2008)
9.
10. Historical perception
• Icon in Mens/Womens Sports
• Defined Womens Basketball
• Pat Summit= Womens Basketball
• Relevancy to Womens Sports
• Fighter/Role Model
11. Development of style
• Key events
• Became the head coach at UT at 21 years of age
• On Aug. 23, 2011, Summitt may have raised
the bar on courage, as she bravely revealed the
toughest opponent she will ever have to battle,
early onset dementia, "Alzheimer's Type," after
the doctors at the Mayo Clinic diagnosed her
at the age of 59. To be sure, Summitt took on
this invisible opponent with her signature
game plan. (UT Sports)
12. Motivation
• Motivation to be a leader- her upbringing
formed her into what she was because of the
farm life she had and her work ethic, which she
got from her dad. Her mom according to
summit was the hardest worker in the family,
and her dad was a never satisfied delegator.
13. Ways of thinking…
• Summitt was a goal oriented and disciplined person. It
was always about the players.
• Believes success was due to the amazing athletes that
were playing under her.
• She considered herself an ambassador for her players
and always made sure that they had what they needed to
succeed.
• Even today she continues to be an educator and role
model to the players, and considers herself a student of
the ever-changing game.
• Moral values/ beliefs:
▫ family-oriented, believes in giving back to the community
and to those in need. Ex.) 600,000$ to UT, specifically
women's basketball programs at both locals, and includes a
100k scholarship for a GA to provide opp.
14. Transactional
• In your face, disciplinarian during
practice/games
• "If you are selfish or lazy, you
won't make it with me.”
• Accountability to transfer skills to
games
• No such thing as an ugly win
• Players are challenged to endure
demanding training protocol to
mature both mentally and
physically
• Write notes to players
15. Transformational
• Personal connection with players
1. Scrapbooks prior to entering college
2. Personality profile
3. Meet with players individually 4x a year
4. Individual Guidance Counselors
• Vision/Philosophy that she stuck to
• Built a family-like team culture/input from players
• Committed/Attitude reflects leadership
• Prepared players for life
• "Continual learning is a key to effective leadership ...
events change, circumstances change, people change ...
leadership is about change."
16. What made pat summit a great leader
• Ability to get players to buy in/Get the most out
of them
• Everything was about the players
• Sacrificed own self-interests for good of the team
17. Effective Coaching in Action: Observations of Legendary
Collegiate Basketball Coach Pat Summitt
By Andrea J. Becker & Craig A. Wrisberg
• Procedures
• Summitt completed the MERS for each of her
players and placed them in a sealed envelope
• Over the course of the season, a total of six
practice sessions (ranging from 30 min to 2 hr)
were video recorded at three-week intervals
• Two weeks after the final game of the postseason
▫ completed a second MERS for each player
▫ Plus rank ordered the 10 players based on her
perceptions of their overall ability
18. • Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI)
▫ specifically created to examine coaching behaviors during
practice sessions
▫ comprised of 13 behavioral categories representing three
general types of behaviors:
1) Instructional- pre-instruction, concurrent instruction, post-
instruction, questioning, manual manipulation, positive
modeling, negative modeling
2) Non-instructional- hustle, praise, scold, management, other
3) Dual codes- statements that include the recipient’s name
• Modified Expectancy Rating Scale (MERS)
▫ Determines the most common characteristics that coaches
use to evaluate athlete ability
Work Ethic, Receptivity to Coaching, Willingness to Learn, Love
of Sport, Willingness to Listen, and Competitiveness. (200)
Study Cont.
19. Study Cont.
• Results
• Throughout the 2004–05 season, a total of 504
min of observation consisting of 3,296 of Coach
Summitt’s practice behaviors were coded
• Summitt provided
▫ Most frequent feedback provided was
instruction- 48%, n = 1586
▫ Then praise- 14.5%, n = 478
▫ Then hustle- 10.7%, n = 351
20. Figure 1 — Frequencies of coaching behaviors directed toward the team and
individual players.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Pre-Instruction
Con-Instruction
Post-instruction
questioning
Manipulation
Postitive-Modeling
Negative-Modeling
Hustle
Scold
Praise
Management
Other
Individual
Team
21. Figure 1 — Frequencies of coaching behaviors directed toward the team and
individual players.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Pre-Instruction
Con-Instruction
Post-instruction
questioning
Manipulation
Postitive-Modeling
Negative-Modeling
Hustle
Scold
Praise
Management
Other
Individual
Team
22. Figure 1 — Frequencies of coaching behaviors directed toward the team and
individual players.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Pre-Instruction
Con-Instruction
Post-instruction
questioning
Manipulation
Postitive-Modeling
Negative-Modeling
Hustle
Scold
Praise
Management
Other
Individual
Team
23. Figure 1 — Frequencies of coaching behaviors directed toward the team and
individual players.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Pre-Instruction
Con-Instruction
Post-instruction
questioning
Manipulation
Postitive-Modeling
Negative-Modeling
Hustle
Scold
Praise
Management
Other
Individual
Team
24. Table 1 Frequencies and Percentages of Total Coaching Behaviors
for Each ASUOI
Coding
Category
Example Total
Statements
Percent of
Total
Instructional Behaviors
Instruction “When the guard is curling back and you’re posting, make
sure that you screen first, then post.”
1586 48.12
Questioning “If you are posting down low, where will your defender be? 152 4.61
Manual Manipulation Physically moving a player’s arm to ensure correct
technique
2 0.06
Positive Modeling Demonstrating how to perform a movement correctly 69 2.09
Negative Modeling Demonstrating how a player performed incorrectly 19 0.58
Non-instructional
Behaviors
Hustle “Come on, let’s go! What we got? Come on!” 351 10.65
Praise “Way to read the court. Nice look inside.” 478 14.50
Scold “Go ahead and mark that down for a sprint. This is
unacceptable in our program.”
226 6.86
Management “Alright, switch teams. I would like Athlete X at the post.” 308 9.34
Other Statements that did not fall into any of the previous
categories
105 3.19
27. Study Conclusion
• Nearly half (45%) of Summitt’s statements were
directed toward individual players. (205)
▫ individualized attention increases athlete
confidence.
▫ “eye to eye contact tells a player that you are
significant, you are good, and I believe in you”
(Wrisberg, 1990, p. 182)
• Of Summitt’s total coaching behaviors, only 7%
involved signs of displeasure (scold) and most of
these were followed by instruction.
▫ Similar results to John Wooden
28. Study Conclusion Cont.
• The second most frequent type of feedback provided during
practice sessions was praise (15%).
▫ “I try to use a lot more positive feedback with my players,
praising them for the things they do correctly” (Wrisberg,
1990, p. 182).
▫ helps to reinforce the behaviors that Summitt expected
from her players.
• High Intensity Practices
▫ careful planning of intense, game-like practices (Time Clock
use)
• Equal distribution of feedback to both high and low
expectancy players.
▫ she puts effort into developing the abilities of all of her
players.
29. Coaching Philosophies
• When she was mad or disappointed she let them
know
▫ Humility & Honesty
• Never Complacent or comfortable
▫ Challenged them verbally, physically, and
mentally every single day—practice is competition
• High expectations
▫ Created a foundation through tough love early on
that transpired into trust and tight bond later in
season
▫ Players knew Coach Summitt Cared and loved
them deep down just like Pat knew her father
loved her
▫ Increased players competitiveness
30. Coaching Philosophies
• Different players needed different Coaching styles
▫ Too confident vs. not confident enough
▫ Broke players down to build them back up
(individually)
▫ Knew when to be hard and when to ease up when to
give and when to expect more
▫ Encouraged leadership and self pride and self
responsibility
Knew how to push players individual players buttons
and when to do it (Servant Leadership)
Team dynamics
• Each team has different needs
31.
32. Coaching Philosophies
• “UT is not for everyone and everyone is not for UT” -
Summitt
• Admits to errors and mistakes—and learns from them
▫ Models the way
• Close bond and connection with her players
▫ Knows their family and home life
▫ Cooked them their favorite meals at her own home
▫ Knows the names of their teddy bears and good luck charms
• “If its good for everyone else or the team, then it’s good for
you”
• “It is what is is, but is becomes what you make it”
• Stayed on and coached after her diagnosis because she felt it
was only fair to
▫ Her players, recruits, coworkers, and assistants
• The game and the individuals playing the game changes over
time, so she had to modify and change with it
33. How Coach Summitt defines a Great
Leader
• “Leadership is a temporary
form of authority that others
grant you” -Summitt
▫ They only follow you if they
find you consistent and
credible
• Be able to organize and direct
followers
• Have emotional maturity
• “Willingness to do whatever it
is that needs to be done
regardless of self interest is the
hallmark of a great leader”
-Summitt
34. How Coach Summitt Defines Success
• “Losing is a far more common
experience than winning” –
Summitt
• Success is not measured by
championship wins
• Winning is impermanent;
what lasts is the memories and
the lasting impressions of each
individual
• Love for coaching and
teaching above all else
▫ Would give up all
championship titles to be able
to continue teaching and
coaching
36. References
• Becker, A. J., & Wrisberg, C. A. (2008). Effective Coaching in Action: Observations of
Legendary Collegiate Basketball Coach Pat Summitt. Sport Psychologist, 22(2), 197-211.
• Burton, L. J., & Peachey, J. (2009). Transactional or Transformational? Leadership
Preferences of Division III Athletic Administrators. Journal Of Intercollegiate Sport, 2(2),
245-259.
• Burton, L., & Welty Peachey, J. (2013). The Call for Servant Leadership in Intercollegiate Athletics.
Quest (00336297), 65(3), 354-371. doi:10.1080/00336297.2013.791870
• Gaines, A. (1999). Chapter 6: PAT HEAD SUMMITT. Sports & Athletics, 52.
• Jenkins, Sally; Summitt, Pat Head; (2013). Sum it up: A thousand and ninety-eight victories, a couple of
irrelevant losses, and a life in perspective. United States: Crown Archetype.
• Kent, A., & Chelladurai, P. (2001). Perceived Transformational Leadership, Organizational
Commitment, and Citizenship Behavior: A Case Study in Intercollegiate Athletics. Journal
Of Sport Management, 15(2), 135.
• Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2009). Five Best Practices. Leadership Excellence, 26(7), 3-4.
• Pat Summitt’s Legendary Career. Espn Video. Publish Date: Mar 24, 2012, 02:27 PM
http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=7731733
• Summitt, Pat Head; (1998).Raise the roof: the inspiring story of the Tennessee Lady Vols’ undefeated
1997-98 season. New York, NY : Broadway books.
• The Pat Summitt Foundation Fund: a fund of East Tennessee Foundation
625 Market Street, Suite 1400, Knoxville, TN 37902
http://patsummitt.org/about_us/pats_definite_dozen.aspx
• Trainer, E. (2013). KEITH JACKSON ETERNAL FLAME AWARD: Pat Summitt, Tennessee. Cosida
Digest, 52-53.
• 2013 CBS Interactive University of Tennessee Women’s Basketball Official Website
http://www.utsports.com/sports/w-baskbl/mtt/summitt_pat00.html
