This document discusses defects in cast aluminum alloys and methods for their non-destructive evaluation. It presents an outline on pores in cast aluminum components, the influence of defects on fatigue life, developing parametric models using computer tomography, and correlating finite element models with experiments. The goal is to better understand crack-initiating defects in cast aluminum alloys through non-destructive testing and modeling.
This document provides information about ROCOL UK, a manufacturer of defence and aerospace lubricants based in Leeds, England. It employs 130 people and has manufacturing capabilities including aerosols, fluids, greases, paints, and anti-slip coatings. The company was founded in 1878 and was acquired by ITW Inc. in 1999. It produces specialized greases and lubricants for the UK Ministry of Defence and other defence customers. The document discusses the benefits of lithium complex greases over clay-based greases for aerospace applications.
Fimi Paper Manganese Alloy Industry In India GokarnPRABHASH GOKARN
Presentation made on the manganese ferro alloy industry in India and dwells on the opportunities for the industry and key success factors for the industry.
The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy producti...Martin Tauber
The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy production and recycling
• Which series of alloys contain magnesium and what are the main applications?
• Examining the supply-demand fundamentals of magnesium – what implications for procurement by aluminium companies?
• What other raw materials flagged as "critical" are key to alloy performance and quality?
• What issues do these pose for aluminium recycling loops and what are the main environmental considerations?
• How does recycling of these alloying elements contribute to resource conservation and efficiency?
Presentation given at the 24th Aluminium Recycling Conference in Bratislava 21-23 November 2016 organised by Metal Bulletin.
The document discusses various aspects of welding aluminium castings, including:
1) It describes different casting designations systems used internationally and identifies alloys that are typically weldable, such as EN 44100 and EN 42000 alloys.
2) Factors that influence weldability are discussed, including the effects of casting processes and alloying element concentrations such as copper and silicon.
3) Common alloys used in castings for South Africa are identified, and comparable designations between international standards are provided.
TALAT Lecture 2102.02: An Upper Casing for an Automobile Steering Column, Spe...CORE-Materials
This lecture offers an example of product development. It imparts knowledge about cold forging of aluminium and choice of alloy. It provides insight into how to develop a product using the general specifications and the interaction between form, material and processing chain and the importance of being thoroughly familiar with the different design materials, their processing possibilities and properties. The lecture is recommended for those situations, where a brief, general background information about aluminium is needed as an introduction of other subject areas of aluminium application technologies. This lecture is part of the self-contained course "Aluminium in Product Development", which is treated under TALAT lectures 2101 and 2102.
The document discusses the status of the solar grade silicon industry. It provides an overview of AMG, a technology-driven specialty metals company with solar activities including ownership stakes in Timminco and Graphit Kropfmühl, both silicon metal producers. It also describes AMG Conversion, which produces multicrystalline silicon ingots, bricks and wafers for solar applications. The document outlines various solar grade silicon purification techniques and manufacturing processes, and discusses the impact of impurities on solar cell performance and efficiency.
This document provides an overview of aluminium powder metallurgy, including:
1) Various processes for producing and consolidating aluminium alloy powders such as atomization, mechanical alloying, compaction, and sintering.
2) How powder metallurgy can extend the useful property range of aluminium alloys through rapid solidification and compositions not possible with ingot metallurgy.
3) Examples of powder metallurgy aluminium alloys for applications requiring low density, high strength, and high temperature capabilities.
4) Characterization methods for analysing properties of aluminium powders such as composition, microstructure, particle size, and shape.
The document provides an overview of American BOA and its parent company, the BOA Group. It discusses BOA's facilities, markets, products, engineering capabilities, quality standards, and key customer applications in the automotive and industrial sectors. The BOA Group has a global presence with over 1,100 employees across multiple subsidiaries.
This document provides information about ROCOL UK, a manufacturer of defence and aerospace lubricants based in Leeds, England. It employs 130 people and has manufacturing capabilities including aerosols, fluids, greases, paints, and anti-slip coatings. The company was founded in 1878 and was acquired by ITW Inc. in 1999. It produces specialized greases and lubricants for the UK Ministry of Defence and other defence customers. The document discusses the benefits of lithium complex greases over clay-based greases for aerospace applications.
Fimi Paper Manganese Alloy Industry In India GokarnPRABHASH GOKARN
Presentation made on the manganese ferro alloy industry in India and dwells on the opportunities for the industry and key success factors for the industry.
The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy producti...Martin Tauber
The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy production and recycling
• Which series of alloys contain magnesium and what are the main applications?
• Examining the supply-demand fundamentals of magnesium – what implications for procurement by aluminium companies?
• What other raw materials flagged as "critical" are key to alloy performance and quality?
• What issues do these pose for aluminium recycling loops and what are the main environmental considerations?
• How does recycling of these alloying elements contribute to resource conservation and efficiency?
Presentation given at the 24th Aluminium Recycling Conference in Bratislava 21-23 November 2016 organised by Metal Bulletin.
The document discusses various aspects of welding aluminium castings, including:
1) It describes different casting designations systems used internationally and identifies alloys that are typically weldable, such as EN 44100 and EN 42000 alloys.
2) Factors that influence weldability are discussed, including the effects of casting processes and alloying element concentrations such as copper and silicon.
3) Common alloys used in castings for South Africa are identified, and comparable designations between international standards are provided.
TALAT Lecture 2102.02: An Upper Casing for an Automobile Steering Column, Spe...CORE-Materials
This lecture offers an example of product development. It imparts knowledge about cold forging of aluminium and choice of alloy. It provides insight into how to develop a product using the general specifications and the interaction between form, material and processing chain and the importance of being thoroughly familiar with the different design materials, their processing possibilities and properties. The lecture is recommended for those situations, where a brief, general background information about aluminium is needed as an introduction of other subject areas of aluminium application technologies. This lecture is part of the self-contained course "Aluminium in Product Development", which is treated under TALAT lectures 2101 and 2102.
The document discusses the status of the solar grade silicon industry. It provides an overview of AMG, a technology-driven specialty metals company with solar activities including ownership stakes in Timminco and Graphit Kropfmühl, both silicon metal producers. It also describes AMG Conversion, which produces multicrystalline silicon ingots, bricks and wafers for solar applications. The document outlines various solar grade silicon purification techniques and manufacturing processes, and discusses the impact of impurities on solar cell performance and efficiency.
This document provides an overview of aluminium powder metallurgy, including:
1) Various processes for producing and consolidating aluminium alloy powders such as atomization, mechanical alloying, compaction, and sintering.
2) How powder metallurgy can extend the useful property range of aluminium alloys through rapid solidification and compositions not possible with ingot metallurgy.
3) Examples of powder metallurgy aluminium alloys for applications requiring low density, high strength, and high temperature capabilities.
4) Characterization methods for analysing properties of aluminium powders such as composition, microstructure, particle size, and shape.
The document provides an overview of American BOA and its parent company, the BOA Group. It discusses BOA's facilities, markets, products, engineering capabilities, quality standards, and key customer applications in the automotive and industrial sectors. The BOA Group has a global presence with over 1,100 employees across multiple subsidiaries.
1) The document discusses using autocorrelation and rose diagrams to analyze the structure and anisotropy of polymer foams from X-ray microtomography data.
2) Autocorrelation provides an efficient way to measure characteristic lengths and identify patterns in noisy 3D tomography data without needing segmentation.
3) Rose diagrams map the autocorrelation in all directions to provide a global view of preferential orientation of features and anisotropy.
The document discusses using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to study the thermomechanical properties of thermostructural composites. It describes how μCT is used to generate 3D images of composite microstructures, from which fiber orientations and material densities are measured. Finite element models are then enriched with this microstructural data and used to calculate the composites' thermal dilation and mechanical behavior. The approach is demonstrated for carbon/carbon and SiC/SiC composites. Capturing real material microstructures enables accurate thermomechanical property predictions.
The document summarizes research on characterizing the microstructure evolution of cast AlMgSi alloys using synchrotron tomography. Key findings include: (1) Synchrotron tomography was used to investigate microstructure evolution during solidification and heat treatment, (2) Primary α-Al dendrites and eutectic α-Al/Mg2Si formed with a highly interconnected seaweed-like morphology, (3) During heat treatment, the eutectic phases spheroidized and the contiguity between Mg2Si and Si remained.
This document describes building a pore network model from 3D images of a pore space to precisely predict permeability. Key steps include:
1) Skeletonizing the 3D image to extract the pore network topology.
2) Partitioning the pore space to identify individual pores and throats.
3) Constructing the pore network model (PNM) graph from the skeleton and partitioning.
4) Computing local resistances within the PNM to predict permeability and comparing with direct numerical modeling.
This document discusses early embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana. It aims to quantitatively describe key events related to geometry and mechanics during this process. Specifically, it seeks to:
1. Determine the sequence of developmental events by reconstructing 3D cell dynamics over time. This involves cell segmentation, lineage tracking, and growth modeling.
2. Understand why these events occur in this particular order by exploring potential biophysical and mechanical influences, such as cell curvature and distorsions during shaping.
The findings could provide insights into a few fundamental rules governing early embryogenesis through simulations incorporating geometry from 3D reconstructions.
The document discusses climate modeling and simulations performed at the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). It provides an overview of DKRZ's high performance computing capabilities and describes the components and coupling of Earth system models. It also summarizes simulations contributed to the CMIP5/IPCC AR5 project, including temperature and sea ice projections under different scenarios. Visualization of simulation output is discussed along with the Avizo Green software developed in collaboration with DKRZ.
The document describes the Visualization Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. It provides an overview of the laboratory's core facilities and capabilities for visualizing large datasets from various research centers at the university, including biology, imaging, materials science, chemical science, mechanical engineering, and more. The laboratory houses advanced visualization facilities like a 24 projector dome and 96 GPU computing cluster to enable interactive exploration and analysis of petabyte-scale scientific data.
The document discusses using CT scanning and 3D shape analysis to classify carbonate rock pores. It introduces CT scanning workflow and principles, showing how it provides 3D quantitative and qualitative pore structure data. Pore shapes are mathematically described using ellipsoid fitting of principal moments of inertia to calculate dimensions L, I, and S. Shape classes are then defined based on ratios of these dimensions. The analysis aims to better characterize carbonate reservoir heterogeneity at different scales.
The document summarizes the evaluation of rock properties and structures at the micrometer scale using sub-micrometer X-ray computed tomography. It introduces a nanofocus X-ray tube capable of less than 800 nm spot size and a nanoCT system used to scan geological rock samples with resolutions under 1 micrometer. Example scans of Bentheimer sandstone show individual mineral phases like quartz, clay, and feldspar. Scans of pyroclastic rocks resolve pores and fractures less than 2 micrometers thick. The high resolution CT allows analyzing pore structure, surface area, and simulating fluid flow at the microscale for understanding rock physics.
The document describes methods for improving X-ray contrast of phases in porous rock samples using micro-CT imaging and image processing. Heavy metal ions are used to enhance the contrast of ice and clays. A Bruker micro-CT scanner with cooling stage is used to image ice-saturated rock samples. Image segmentation software Avizo Fire is applied to separate phases and calculate properties like porosity, permeability, and pore size distribution from the 3D digital models.
The document describes experiments using an environmental scanning electron microscope to generate 3D reconstructions of membrane structures from 2D image slices. Membrane samples were embedded in resin and ultramicrotomed into thin sections for imaging. Image stacks from multiple samples were assembled into 3D models and analyzed to calculate membrane pore characteristics and water flux measurements, validating the 3D reconstruction method. The results provide a quantitative view of membrane nanostructure-property relationships not possible with conventional techniques.
This document describes the capabilities of the FIB-Nanotomography facility at the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique (CIME) at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). The facility contains a Zeiss NVision 40 dual beam FIB/SEM that allows for the automated acquisition of large 3D volumes with voxel sizes down to 5-10nm. Examples are given of its applications in materials science, including the reconstruction of microstructures in superconducting cables and solder joints. The facility is also used for life science applications such as serial sectioning of brain tissue to reconstruct neuronal structures at nanoscale resolution. Automated segmentation techniques are applied to
This document discusses using X-ray computed tomography to characterize the internal structure of asphalt. Key points:
- X-ray CT is used to capture images of asphalt with micrometer-scale resolution, allowing segmentation of stones, binder, and air voids.
- Parameters describing the stone size distribution, shape, contacts, and air void structure are obtained from the segmented images.
- Finite element modeling incorporates the structural information to quantify stresses and strains in each phase under loading and temperature changes.
- Understanding the internal structure-property relationships enables improved mixture design and prediction of field performance.
1) The document discusses using autocorrelation and rose diagrams to analyze the structure and anisotropy of polymer foams from X-ray microtomography data.
2) Autocorrelation provides an efficient way to measure characteristic lengths and identify patterns in noisy 3D tomography data without needing segmentation.
3) Rose diagrams map the autocorrelation in all directions to provide a global view of preferential orientation of features and anisotropy.
The document discusses using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to study the thermomechanical properties of thermostructural composites. It describes how μCT is used to generate 3D images of composite microstructures, from which fiber orientations and material densities are measured. Finite element models are then enriched with this microstructural data and used to calculate the composites' thermal dilation and mechanical behavior. The approach is demonstrated for carbon/carbon and SiC/SiC composites. Capturing real material microstructures enables accurate thermomechanical property predictions.
The document summarizes research on characterizing the microstructure evolution of cast AlMgSi alloys using synchrotron tomography. Key findings include: (1) Synchrotron tomography was used to investigate microstructure evolution during solidification and heat treatment, (2) Primary α-Al dendrites and eutectic α-Al/Mg2Si formed with a highly interconnected seaweed-like morphology, (3) During heat treatment, the eutectic phases spheroidized and the contiguity between Mg2Si and Si remained.
This document describes building a pore network model from 3D images of a pore space to precisely predict permeability. Key steps include:
1) Skeletonizing the 3D image to extract the pore network topology.
2) Partitioning the pore space to identify individual pores and throats.
3) Constructing the pore network model (PNM) graph from the skeleton and partitioning.
4) Computing local resistances within the PNM to predict permeability and comparing with direct numerical modeling.
This document discusses early embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana. It aims to quantitatively describe key events related to geometry and mechanics during this process. Specifically, it seeks to:
1. Determine the sequence of developmental events by reconstructing 3D cell dynamics over time. This involves cell segmentation, lineage tracking, and growth modeling.
2. Understand why these events occur in this particular order by exploring potential biophysical and mechanical influences, such as cell curvature and distorsions during shaping.
The findings could provide insights into a few fundamental rules governing early embryogenesis through simulations incorporating geometry from 3D reconstructions.
The document discusses climate modeling and simulations performed at the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). It provides an overview of DKRZ's high performance computing capabilities and describes the components and coupling of Earth system models. It also summarizes simulations contributed to the CMIP5/IPCC AR5 project, including temperature and sea ice projections under different scenarios. Visualization of simulation output is discussed along with the Avizo Green software developed in collaboration with DKRZ.
The document describes the Visualization Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. It provides an overview of the laboratory's core facilities and capabilities for visualizing large datasets from various research centers at the university, including biology, imaging, materials science, chemical science, mechanical engineering, and more. The laboratory houses advanced visualization facilities like a 24 projector dome and 96 GPU computing cluster to enable interactive exploration and analysis of petabyte-scale scientific data.
The document discusses using CT scanning and 3D shape analysis to classify carbonate rock pores. It introduces CT scanning workflow and principles, showing how it provides 3D quantitative and qualitative pore structure data. Pore shapes are mathematically described using ellipsoid fitting of principal moments of inertia to calculate dimensions L, I, and S. Shape classes are then defined based on ratios of these dimensions. The analysis aims to better characterize carbonate reservoir heterogeneity at different scales.
The document summarizes the evaluation of rock properties and structures at the micrometer scale using sub-micrometer X-ray computed tomography. It introduces a nanofocus X-ray tube capable of less than 800 nm spot size and a nanoCT system used to scan geological rock samples with resolutions under 1 micrometer. Example scans of Bentheimer sandstone show individual mineral phases like quartz, clay, and feldspar. Scans of pyroclastic rocks resolve pores and fractures less than 2 micrometers thick. The high resolution CT allows analyzing pore structure, surface area, and simulating fluid flow at the microscale for understanding rock physics.
The document describes methods for improving X-ray contrast of phases in porous rock samples using micro-CT imaging and image processing. Heavy metal ions are used to enhance the contrast of ice and clays. A Bruker micro-CT scanner with cooling stage is used to image ice-saturated rock samples. Image segmentation software Avizo Fire is applied to separate phases and calculate properties like porosity, permeability, and pore size distribution from the 3D digital models.
The document describes experiments using an environmental scanning electron microscope to generate 3D reconstructions of membrane structures from 2D image slices. Membrane samples were embedded in resin and ultramicrotomed into thin sections for imaging. Image stacks from multiple samples were assembled into 3D models and analyzed to calculate membrane pore characteristics and water flux measurements, validating the 3D reconstruction method. The results provide a quantitative view of membrane nanostructure-property relationships not possible with conventional techniques.
This document describes the capabilities of the FIB-Nanotomography facility at the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique (CIME) at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). The facility contains a Zeiss NVision 40 dual beam FIB/SEM that allows for the automated acquisition of large 3D volumes with voxel sizes down to 5-10nm. Examples are given of its applications in materials science, including the reconstruction of microstructures in superconducting cables and solder joints. The facility is also used for life science applications such as serial sectioning of brain tissue to reconstruct neuronal structures at nanoscale resolution. Automated segmentation techniques are applied to
This document discusses using X-ray computed tomography to characterize the internal structure of asphalt. Key points:
- X-ray CT is used to capture images of asphalt with micrometer-scale resolution, allowing segmentation of stones, binder, and air voids.
- Parameters describing the stone size distribution, shape, contacts, and air void structure are obtained from the segmented images.
- Finite element modeling incorporates the structural information to quantify stresses and strains in each phase under loading and temperature changes.
- Understanding the internal structure-property relationships enables improved mixture design and prediction of field performance.