This document discusses the uncertain future of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and the challenges they face in remaining relevant. It identifies three major themes challenging MPO relevance: 1) an increasingly complex working environment with more expectations and issues, 2) flat or dwindling resources and funding as needs increase, and 3) blurring of traditional boundaries as metro areas evolve into mega-regions. To build relevance, the document argues that MPOs need leadership, partnerships, adequate funding/capacity, demonstrable value added, and adaptability to complex changing conditions. MPOs that are proactive now will be best positioned to stay relevant to their regions.