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
Orthorexia Nervosa
By Olivia Curl
Image source: https://travcure.com/orthrexia-nervosa/
Outline
 What is Orthorexia Nervosa?
 Classification of Orthorexia Nervosa
 The Evidence: What does it tell us?
 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder & Anxiety
 Diagnostic Tools
 Treatment Options
 Goals of Nutrition Care
 Technique Tool Box
What is Orthorexia Nervosa
Image Source: https://datafloq.com/read/big-data-dilemma-quality-vs-quantity-non-issue/48
The Illusion of Safety
H
E
A
L
T
H
L
Y
P U R E
Artificial
GMO’s
Additives
P
E
S
T
I
C
I
D
E
S
Natural
Preservatives
TOXIC
Fresh
B
I
O
L
O
G
I
C
A
L
Processed
Wholesome
Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X08NDXMvdz0 Image Source: http://cliparts.co/skull-and-crossbones-images-free
 Not included in the DSM-5
 Similarities among anorexia nervosa
and bulimia nervosa
 Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake
Disorder
 Diagnostic Fad?
 Dominant awareness among eating
disorder professionals in Belgium
(Vandereycken W, 2011)Media-Induced or
actual disorder?
Classification
Image Source: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5

Prevalence
Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mars_symbol.svg/2000px-Mars_symbol.svg.png
Image Source: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/3/9/6/11949849661308840073female_symbol_dan_gerhar_01.svg.hi.png
Prevalence continued

In combination with Orthorexia Nervosa
OCD and Anxiety
Image Source: http://www.urban-wellness.ca/a-three-part-series-anxiety-and-depression-in-traditional-chinese-medicine/
DiagnosticTools
 Bratman’s
Orthorexia Test
(BOT)
 ORTO-15
Image Source: http://ysgolydderwen.cymru/en/questionnaires/
Treatment Options
 Motivational Interviewing
 Cognitive Behaviour
Therapy
 Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors
 Atypical Antipsychotics
Image Source: https://www.emaze.com/@ALOZOQZQ/DofaS-Seminar-
Goals of Nutrition Care
 Correct
 Restore
 Achieve
Image Source: http://www.viciousbabushka.com/2012/03/the-real-rosie-the-riveter-was-black.html
TechniqueTool Box
 Food Acceptance
 Dispel harmful beliefs/attitudes
 Trigger Foods
 Address feelings
 Define meals
 Be curious
 Raise awareness
Image source: https://muhc.ca/patients/article/my-tool-box-treasure-chest-benefits
Lessons Learned

Thank you for listening
Questions?
Image Source: http://www.indigoriverpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/board_election.jpg
References
 Aksoydan E, Camci N. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish performance artists. Eat Weight Disord. 2009
March;14(1):33-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/19367138
 Alvarenga M, Martins M, Sato K, Varga S, Philippi S, Scagliusi F. Orthorexia nervosa behaviour in a sample of Brazilian
dietitians assessed by the Portuguese version of ORTO-15. Eat Weight Disord. 2012 March;17(1):e29-e35. Abstract
available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/?term=orthorexia+brazilian
 Asil E, Sürücüoğlu, M. Orthorexia nervosa in Turkish dietitians. Ecol Food Nutr, 2015 Jan;[Epup ahead of print]:
1-11. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/25602930.
 Bağci Bosi A, Camur D, Güler C. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in resident medical doctors in the faculty of
medicine (Ankara, Turkey). Appetite. 2007 Nov;49(3):661-6. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17586085.
 Bratman S, Knight D. Health food junkies: overcoming the obsession with healthy eating. New York (NY): Broadway
Books; 2000. ISBN: 0767905857
 Brytek-Matera A. Orthorexia nervosa – an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or disturbed eating habit?
Arch Psychiatr Psychother. 2012;1:55-60. Available from:
http://www.archivespp.pl/uploads/images/2012_14_1/BrytekMatera55__APP1_2012.pdf
 Catalina Zamora ML, Bote Bonaechea B, Garcia Sanchez F, Rios Rial B. Orthorexia nervosa. A new eating behavior
disorder? Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2005;33(1):66-68
References
 Donini L, Marsili D, Graziani M, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: validation of a diagnosis questionnaire.
Eat Weight Disord. 2005 Jun;10(2):e28-e32. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/16682853
 Donini L, Marsili D, Graziani D, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: a preliminary study with a proposal for
diagnosis and an attempt to measure the dimension of the phenomenon. Eat Weight Disord. 2004 Jun;9(2):151-7.
Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/15330084
 Eriksson L, Baigi A, Marklund B, Lindgren E. Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance
impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Jun;18(3):389-94. Abstract available
from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/18067519
 Haman L, Barker-Ruchti N, Patriksson G, Lindgren EC. Orthorexia nervosa: an integrative literature review of a lifestyle
syndrome. Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-Being. 2015;10:26799. Abstract available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.26799
 Herranz Valera J, Acuña Ruiz P, Romero Valdespino B, Visioli F. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among ashtanga yoga
practitioners: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord. 2014 May;epub ahead of print. Abstract available from: http://www-
ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/24852286
 Kinzl F, Hauer K, Traweger C, Kiefer I. Orthorexia nervosa in dieticians. Psychother Psychosom. 2006 Oct;75(6):695-6.
Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17053342
References
 Korinth A, Schiess S, Westenhoefer. Eating behaviour and eating disorders in students of nutrition sciences. Public
Health Nutr. 2010 Jan;13(1):32-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/19433007
 Koven N, Senbonmatsu R. A neuropsychological evaluation of orthorexia nervosa. O J Psych. 2013 Feb;3(2): 214-22.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.4236/ojpsych.2013.32019
 Mathieu J. What is orthorexia? J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Oct;105(10):1510-2. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-
nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/16183346
 Moroze R, Dunn T, Craig Holland J, Yager J, Weintraub P. Microthinking about micronutrients: a case of transition from
obsessions about healthy eating to near-fatal “orthorexia nervosa” and proposed diagnostic criteria. Psychosomatics.
2014 Mar. Epub ahead of print. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21998605
 Park S, Kim J, Jeon E, Pyo H, Kwon Y. Orthorexia nervosa with hyponatremia, subcutaneous emphysema,
pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and pancytopenia. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2011 Jun;9(1):32-7. Abstract
available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21998605
 Ramacciotti C, Perrone P, Coli E, Burgalassi A, Conversano C, Massimetti G, et al. Orthorexia nervosa in the general
population: a preliminary screening using a self-administered questionnaire (ORTO-15). Eat Weight Disord. 2011
Jun;16(2):e127-30. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21989097
References
 Rangel C, Dukeshire S, MacDonald L. Diet and Anxiety. An exploration into the Orthorexic Society.
Appetite. 2011 Aug;58:124-132. Abstract available from: doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.024
 Saddichha S, Babu G, Chandra P. Orthorexia nervosa presenting as a prodrome of schizophrenia. Schiophr Res.
2012 Jan;134(1):110. Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/22088557
 Satter E. Eating competence: nutrition education with the Satter Eating Competence Model. J Nutr Educ
Behav. 2007 Sep-Oct;39(5 Suppl):S189-94. Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17826701
 Segura-García C, Papaianni M, Caglioti F, Procopio L, Nisticò C, Bombardiere L, et al. Orthorexia
nervosa: a frequent eating disordered behaviour in athletes. Eat Weight Disord. 2012 Dec;17(4):e226-
33. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/22361450
 Vandereycken W. Media hype, diagnostic fad, or genuine disorder? Professionals’ opinions about night eating
syndrome, orthorexia, muscle dysmorphia, and emetophobia. Eat Weight Disord. 2014 Mar-Apr;19(2):145-55.
Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21360365
 Varga M, Dukay-Szabó S, Túry F, van Furth E. Evidence and gaps in the literature on orthorexia nervosa. Eat
Weight Disord. 2013 Jun;18(2):103-11. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-
gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/23760837

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Orthorexia Nervosa

  • 1.  Orthorexia Nervosa By Olivia Curl Image source: https://travcure.com/orthrexia-nervosa/
  • 2. Outline  What is Orthorexia Nervosa?  Classification of Orthorexia Nervosa  The Evidence: What does it tell us?  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder & Anxiety  Diagnostic Tools  Treatment Options  Goals of Nutrition Care  Technique Tool Box
  • 3. What is Orthorexia Nervosa Image Source: https://datafloq.com/read/big-data-dilemma-quality-vs-quantity-non-issue/48
  • 4. The Illusion of Safety H E A L T H L Y P U R E Artificial GMO’s Additives P E S T I C I D E S Natural Preservatives TOXIC Fresh B I O L O G I C A L Processed Wholesome Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X08NDXMvdz0 Image Source: http://cliparts.co/skull-and-crossbones-images-free
  • 5.  Not included in the DSM-5  Similarities among anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa  Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder  Diagnostic Fad?  Dominant awareness among eating disorder professionals in Belgium (Vandereycken W, 2011)Media-Induced or actual disorder? Classification Image Source: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/dsm-5
  • 6.
  • 7.  Prevalence Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mars_symbol.svg/2000px-Mars_symbol.svg.png Image Source: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/3/9/6/11949849661308840073female_symbol_dan_gerhar_01.svg.hi.png
  • 9.  In combination with Orthorexia Nervosa OCD and Anxiety Image Source: http://www.urban-wellness.ca/a-three-part-series-anxiety-and-depression-in-traditional-chinese-medicine/
  • 10. DiagnosticTools  Bratman’s Orthorexia Test (BOT)  ORTO-15 Image Source: http://ysgolydderwen.cymru/en/questionnaires/
  • 11. Treatment Options  Motivational Interviewing  Cognitive Behaviour Therapy  Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors  Atypical Antipsychotics Image Source: https://www.emaze.com/@ALOZOQZQ/DofaS-Seminar-
  • 12. Goals of Nutrition Care  Correct  Restore  Achieve Image Source: http://www.viciousbabushka.com/2012/03/the-real-rosie-the-riveter-was-black.html
  • 13. TechniqueTool Box  Food Acceptance  Dispel harmful beliefs/attitudes  Trigger Foods  Address feelings  Define meals  Be curious  Raise awareness Image source: https://muhc.ca/patients/article/my-tool-box-treasure-chest-benefits
  • 15.  Thank you for listening Questions? Image Source: http://www.indigoriverpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/board_election.jpg
  • 16. References  Aksoydan E, Camci N. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish performance artists. Eat Weight Disord. 2009 March;14(1):33-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/19367138  Alvarenga M, Martins M, Sato K, Varga S, Philippi S, Scagliusi F. Orthorexia nervosa behaviour in a sample of Brazilian dietitians assessed by the Portuguese version of ORTO-15. Eat Weight Disord. 2012 March;17(1):e29-e35. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/?term=orthorexia+brazilian  Asil E, Sürücüoğlu, M. Orthorexia nervosa in Turkish dietitians. Ecol Food Nutr, 2015 Jan;[Epup ahead of print]: 1-11. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/25602930.  Bağci Bosi A, Camur D, Güler C. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in resident medical doctors in the faculty of medicine (Ankara, Turkey). Appetite. 2007 Nov;49(3):661-6. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17586085.  Bratman S, Knight D. Health food junkies: overcoming the obsession with healthy eating. New York (NY): Broadway Books; 2000. ISBN: 0767905857  Brytek-Matera A. Orthorexia nervosa – an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or disturbed eating habit? Arch Psychiatr Psychother. 2012;1:55-60. Available from: http://www.archivespp.pl/uploads/images/2012_14_1/BrytekMatera55__APP1_2012.pdf  Catalina Zamora ML, Bote Bonaechea B, Garcia Sanchez F, Rios Rial B. Orthorexia nervosa. A new eating behavior disorder? Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2005;33(1):66-68
  • 17. References  Donini L, Marsili D, Graziani M, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: validation of a diagnosis questionnaire. Eat Weight Disord. 2005 Jun;10(2):e28-e32. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/16682853  Donini L, Marsili D, Graziani D, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: a preliminary study with a proposal for diagnosis and an attempt to measure the dimension of the phenomenon. Eat Weight Disord. 2004 Jun;9(2):151-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/15330084  Eriksson L, Baigi A, Marklund B, Lindgren E. Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Jun;18(3):389-94. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/18067519  Haman L, Barker-Ruchti N, Patriksson G, Lindgren EC. Orthorexia nervosa: an integrative literature review of a lifestyle syndrome. Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-Being. 2015;10:26799. Abstract available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.26799  Herranz Valera J, Acuña Ruiz P, Romero Valdespino B, Visioli F. Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among ashtanga yoga practitioners: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord. 2014 May;epub ahead of print. Abstract available from: http://www- ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/24852286  Kinzl F, Hauer K, Traweger C, Kiefer I. Orthorexia nervosa in dieticians. Psychother Psychosom. 2006 Oct;75(6):695-6. Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17053342
  • 18. References  Korinth A, Schiess S, Westenhoefer. Eating behaviour and eating disorders in students of nutrition sciences. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Jan;13(1):32-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/19433007  Koven N, Senbonmatsu R. A neuropsychological evaluation of orthorexia nervosa. O J Psych. 2013 Feb;3(2): 214-22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.4236/ojpsych.2013.32019  Mathieu J. What is orthorexia? J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Oct;105(10):1510-2. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi- nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/16183346  Moroze R, Dunn T, Craig Holland J, Yager J, Weintraub P. Microthinking about micronutrients: a case of transition from obsessions about healthy eating to near-fatal “orthorexia nervosa” and proposed diagnostic criteria. Psychosomatics. 2014 Mar. Epub ahead of print. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21998605  Park S, Kim J, Jeon E, Pyo H, Kwon Y. Orthorexia nervosa with hyponatremia, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and pancytopenia. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2011 Jun;9(1):32-7. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21998605  Ramacciotti C, Perrone P, Coli E, Burgalassi A, Conversano C, Massimetti G, et al. Orthorexia nervosa in the general population: a preliminary screening using a self-administered questionnaire (ORTO-15). Eat Weight Disord. 2011 Jun;16(2):e127-30. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21989097
  • 19. References  Rangel C, Dukeshire S, MacDonald L. Diet and Anxiety. An exploration into the Orthorexic Society. Appetite. 2011 Aug;58:124-132. Abstract available from: doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.024  Saddichha S, Babu G, Chandra P. Orthorexia nervosa presenting as a prodrome of schizophrenia. Schiophr Res. 2012 Jan;134(1):110. Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/22088557  Satter E. Eating competence: nutrition education with the Satter Eating Competence Model. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007 Sep-Oct;39(5 Suppl):S189-94. Citation available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/17826701  Segura-García C, Papaianni M, Caglioti F, Procopio L, Nisticò C, Bombardiere L, et al. Orthorexia nervosa: a frequent eating disordered behaviour in athletes. Eat Weight Disord. 2012 Dec;17(4):e226- 33. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/22361450  Vandereycken W. Media hype, diagnostic fad, or genuine disorder? Professionals’ opinions about night eating syndrome, orthorexia, muscle dysmorphia, and emetophobia. Eat Weight Disord. 2014 Mar-Apr;19(2):145-55. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/21360365  Varga M, Dukay-Szabó S, Túry F, van Furth E. Evidence and gaps in the literature on orthorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2013 Jun;18(2):103-11. Abstract available from: http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih- gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pubmed/23760837