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Similar to operating system features,types,Unit 2 [Autosaved].pptx
operating system features,types,Unit 2 [Autosaved].pptx
- 1. by Gargi Mukherjee OperatingSystem Fundamentals 1. Components of an OS 2. Functions of an OS 3. Types of OS 4. Command-line tools
- 2. by Gargi Mukherjee OperatingSystem • It is a system software which acts as an intermediary or interface by which the application software is able to interact with the hardware. • GUI (Graphical user Interface)And CUI(Command User Interface) • Graphical-Icons(display) the type of the file or the folder.E.g Windows,Linux,MAc • CUI(Command User Interface)-remember the commands,type the commands to make the system work. E.g. MSDos,Unix,Linux
- 3. by Gargi Mukherjee TheThree Elements of an OS • User Interface – The part of the OS that you interface with. • Kernel – The core of the OS. Interacts with the BIOS (Basic Input and Output System)(at one end), and the UI (at the other end).hardware • File Management System – Organizes and manages files. hardware kernel O.S Application Software users
- 4. by Gargi Mukherjee OperatingSystem Functions • File Management-File operations e.g creating a file write /read operations ,deleting ,copying ,moving,renaming, converting, close. • Application Management(Process Management)-Process create,process waiting,process endup. • Built-in Utility Programs-E,g Antivirus ,device drivers • Control of Computer Hardware(device management)-O. S manages the requests which comes for the various devices and builds a queue. • Security-Managing different accounts and giving the privileges accordingly. • Memory Management-O.S manages the memory(main memory) memory allocation and the de-allocation.
- 5. by Gargi Mukherjee OperatingSystem Types • Batch processing-processes requiring same type of resource(I/O)s were batched together and were executed. CPU it was idle. • Multi programming-maximum utilization of cpu. • Multiuser – Two or more users work with the computer at the same time. • Multitasking – extension of multiprogramming, Two or more processes running at the same time. • Multithreading – Two or more parts of the same process running at the same time. • Multiprocessing-multiple processors are working together to give the desired output. • Real time O.S(RTOS)-Response time is very less
- 6. by Gargi Mukherjee PCOperating Systems • Microsoft Windows • MacIntosh OS • Linux
- 7. by Gargi Mukherjee MSWindows Versions • Home (Non-Professional) Versions • Windows 95 • Windows 98 • Windows Me • Professional (Business) Versions • Windows NT • Windows 2000 • The Two Lines Came Together in Windows XP (2001)
- 8. by Gargi Mukherjee DiskOperating System ( DOS ) • The first PC Operating System (1981) • Not a Multitasking OS, only one program could run at a time • A command-line interface, no GUI. • Early versions of Windows sat on top of DOS and used it to communicate with the BIOS. • Windows XP communicates directly with the BIOS, but allows commands to be entered via a command prompt.
- 9. by Gargi Mukherjee FileSystem • A file is a collection of bytes of information treated as a single unit. • It is given a name to make it easy to find and use later. • The file system keeps track of where a file is actually resident on a disk.(destination) • A disk (hard disk, floppy, optical disk) is subdivided into directories or folders.
- 10. by Gargi Mukherjee FileSystem (continued) • The top level folder on a disk is known as the root. • The root is generally subdivided into subfolders. • Any folder or subfolder can contain files and other folders. • The fully-qualified filename includes the name of the file and the path to the folder in which it resides: c:courses061cit141chapter4.ppt
- 11. by Gargi Mukherjee WindowsRegistered File Types • A particular file extension can be registered and associated with a particular program. • .docx files are associated with MS Word • .xlsx files are associated with MS Excel • .txt files are associated with Notepad • .html files are associated with IE • This is how Windows knows what to do when you double-click a file in My Computer.
- 12. by Gargi Mukherjee FileAttributes • Each file has four attributes which can be viewed or set. • Read Only – File may be viewed, copied, executed (if appropriate), but not changed. It can be deleted. • Hidden – File will not be displayed in normal list of files. • System – File is identified to belong to system, should not be messed with.(.sys) • Archive – File is (or is not) a candidate for backup.
- 13. by Gargi Mukherjee DOSCommands • Two types – Internal and External • Internal commands are resident in the main kernel file: command.com (or cmd.exe) • External commands are separate little programs. • It's important to learn DOS commands because you can write scripts to execute a set of commands automatically.
- 14. by Gargi Mukherjee TheCommand Prompt By default, it reminds you of the current drive and the current directory.
- 15. by Gargi Mukherjee ThreeParts of a DOS Command xcopy /m/e c:temp d:temp Command Name Switches Parameters
- 16. by Gargi Mukherjee DOSWildcard Characters • The characters ? and * can be used to affect multiple files with a single command. • The ? means any single character. copy c:tempnotes??.doc d:temp means copy any Word file that begins with the word "notes" with exactly two other characters, like "notes01.doc", "notesAB.doc", etc.
- 17. by Gargi Mukherjee DOSWildcard Characters • The "*" wildcard replaces any number of characters. copy c:tempnotes.* d:temp (copy all files with the name "notes" and any extension.) copy *.doc c:temp (copy all files with a "doc" extension in the current directory.)
- 18. by Gargi Mukherjee Atthe Command Prompt • A drive letter and a ":" (e.g. "f:") makes that your current drive. • CD (Change Directory) • cd (with no parameters) reminds you what the current directory is. • cd .. moves you to the parent of the current directory (up one level). • cd moves you to the root of the current drive. • cd <some directory> makes that your current directory.
- 19. by Gargi Mukherjee DOSCommands • MD – Make directory. • RD – Remove a directory or an entire directory tree. • DIR – Display the contents of a directory. • DEL (or ERASE) – Deletes one or more files. • COPY – Places a copy of file(s) in a different folder. • XCOPY – Flexible copy command used for copying large groups of files, commonly used for file backup.
- 20. by Gargi Mukherjee MoreDOS Commands • MOVE – Moves file(s) from one folder to another. • REN(AME) – Renames file(s). • ATTRIB – Displays or sets file attributes. • FORMAT – Formats a disk. • CHKDSK – Tests the file system on a disk, and reports status.
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- 22. by Gargi Mukherjee NewFeatures • Start Menu • One Windows for all devices • Cortana • New Native Apps and Apps Store • Microsoft Edge Browser • Improved Multitasking • Snap assist • universal apps can be windowed • Action Center • Continuum
- 23. by Gargi Mukherjee StartMenu • when click on the Start button at the bottom left of the screen, you get two panels side by side, with the left column showing pinned, recently added and most-used apps. • The right column features a selection of live tiles that you can customize, resize and reorganize. • We can have the Start Menu expand to full screen whenever we want.
- 24. by Gargi Mukherjee OneWindow for all Devices • Windows 10 is meant to unify desktop PCs, Windows tablets and Windows smartphones with one interface, one way of operating and one account. • Microsoft is using Windows 10 to attempt to unify its various software platforms across different devices under one Windows brand.
- 25. by Gargi Mukherjee Cortana •We will be able to search your hard drive for specific folders and files. • Cortana is able to send emails while you’re working on a spreadsheet, making multi-tasking much easier. • Windows 10 will bring Microsoft’s voice-controlled digital assistant Cortana, to make it easier for you to interact with your device without lifting a finger.
- 26. by Gargi Mukherjee XboxApp • The new operating system will support Xbox game streaming, with improved speed and graphics performance by DirectX 12 support. • The app also lets you to record, edit and share your activities in the game. • You’ll also be able to join your friends and see your friends’ activity via Xbox. • You will soon be able to play any Xbox One game on your PC or tablet, with the Xbox app for windows 10.
- 27. by Gargi Mukherjee EdgeBrowser • New features include PDF support, a reading mode that improves the layout of long articles, and a new note taking feature. • Edge lets you scribble on any page and share your comments with your friends through social networks. • Edge Browser will feature Cortana support within the browser, so she can pull contextual information from the sites • Internet Explorer will co-exist with the Microsoft Edge Browser
- 28. by Gargi Mukherjee ImprovedMulti Tasking • Instead of having multiple windows open on top of each other on one desktop, you can set up a whole other virtual desktop for those programs to reside in. • A new Multiple Desktops feature lets you run another set of windows as if on another screen.
- 29. by Gargi Mukherjee SnapAssist • Microsoft also updated its Snap View multitasking feature to let you windows to the four corners of your screen.
- 30. by Gargi Mukherjee Universalapps can be Windowed • Universal apps, which previously only operated in full-screen mode, can now be used in traditional windows on the desktop.
- 31. by Gargi Mukherjee ActionSettings • It collects alerts from your device from all your apps, similar to the notifications drawers like in our smartphones. • Windows 10 will provide a new way to look at all your notifications in one place.
- 32. by Gargi Mukherjee Continuum •If you remove the keyboard/mouse, a notification will pop up from the task bar at the bottom, asking if you want to activate Tablet mode. • Place your tablet into the keyboard again, and you’ll receive the same prompt, this time asking if you want to exit Tablet mode. • With the rise of hybrid laptop- tablet devices, Microsoft wants to make it easier to switch between either mode.
- 33. by Gargi Mukherjee SystemRequirements • Processor : 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster • RAM : 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit) • Free hard disk space : 16 GB • Graphics card : Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device
- 34. by Gargi Mukherjee Conclusion Windows10 as a Service and Mobility with improved applications, graphic user interface and fast booting.
- 35. by Gargi Mukherjee Introto Windows 10
- 36. by Gargi Mukherjee Whywindows 10? • Windows 10 is the latest Microsoft Operating System. • Is replacing Windows 7 on campus • Much more friendly than Windows 8 • More Secure (wannacry virus) • Runs better (uses fewer resources)
- 37. by Gargi Mukherjee What’sNew in windows 10? • A few feature highlights • • Start menu • • Using tiles • • How to search • • Task view • • Virtual desktops • • Snap enhancements • • Quick access tools Personalization and Settings • A new look • Personalize your lock screen • Themes • Desktop and Colors
- 38. by Gargi Mukherjee StartMenu Windows 10: Windows 7:
- 39. by Gargi Mukherjee Howto use the start menu:
- 40. by Gargi Mukherjee Startmenu: Using tiles In the right pane of the Start menu, you’ll find tiles for some common apps. To move a tile, just drag it to another position. You can rearrange them within the pane. You can also drag apps between the tile view and the app list view.
- 41. by Gargi Mukherjee How-toSearch • Windows 10 Start menu comes with a great Search tool. • Search apps • Search files • Search the web • Use Cortana
- 42. by Gargi Mukherjee TaskView • One of the best parts of windows. • Separate all apps into a spread out view to find the window you are looking for. • Great for organization! • Also “Windows + TAB”
- 43. by Gargi Mukherjee VirtualDesktops • Windows 10 adds support for virtual desktops, so you can keep your open apps better organized. • For example, if you need to work with spreadsheets, you could create a second virtual desktop that contains the apps/data you’re using. • Also can use “CTRL + Windows + arrow keys” to move between them.
- 44. by Gargi Mukherjee QuickAccess Tools • The Quick Access menu provides access to advanced system tools such as Power Options, Task Manager, and Control Panel.
- 45. by Gargi Mukherjee Personalizationand Settings: • Settings gets a new “modern” look. • Basically, a condensed “control panel” • FYI, control panel is still available.
- 46. by Gargi Mukherjee Settingsin Windows 7 vs Windows 10 • Windows 10: Windows 7:
- 47. by Gargi Mukherjee Settingsfor System • Settings here change system configurations (Display resolution/monitors, default apps, power, etc.)
- 48. by Gargi Mukherjee Settingsfor devices • Manage settings for external devices (printers, mice, scanners) • 95% of time it’s printers • 95% of time, use old view.
- 49. by Gargi Mukherjee Settingsfor Devices (cont.)
- 50. by Gargi Mukherjee PersonalizationSettings • Tweak your lock screen to your liking. Change the background to a favorite photo or slide show, or show upcoming calendar events, social network updates, and other app and system notifications.
- 51. by Gargi Mukherjee Personalizationsettings (cont.) • Choose a picture worthy of gracing your desktop background, and to change the accent color for Start, the taskbar, and other items. The preview window gives you a sneak peek of your changes as you make them.
- 52. by Gargi Mukherjee Whereis “My Computer”? • Right-click the start button > Select File Explorer • Click “This PC” to get to your drives.
- 53. by Gargi Mukherjee Howdo I “logout”? • Click the start button • Click the user icon • Select sign out.
- 54. by Gargi Mukherjee Howdo I “switch users”? • Common when you need to login on someone else’s PC. • Select “other user” on login screen. • Sign in with AD information.
- 55. by Gargi Mukherjee AddingShortcuts to desktop • Click the Start button • Scroll to the app you want • Hold down the left mouse button • Drag the app to the desktop
- 56. by Gargi Mukherjee Files •When you use an application to do work - e.g., write a paper, make a spreadsheet, or draw a picture, the work is stored in RAM first • It is in danger of being lost if the power goes off (RAM is volatile!) • When you save it, it is copied to a secondary storage device like the hard drive • It is saved as a FILE with a name, extension, time, date, size
- 57. by Gargi Mukherjee FileNames and Extensions • You must adhere to file-naming conventions when saving files • Case sensitivity – upper and lower case are different • True in Linux and Unix variations, not in Windows • Maximum length (Windows 260 characters) • Spaces allowed • Digits allowed • / : * ? " < > | not allowed • File names not allowed (con, nul, prn) • File extensions provide clues to the file contents
- 58. Filename Extensions • Filename extensions: •Used by programs • Indicate the file format Extension Type of Document Application .doc or .docx Word processing document Microsoft Word; Corel WordPerfect .xls or .xlsx Workbook Microsoft Excel .ppt or .pptx PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint .mdb or .accdb Database Microsoft Access .bmp Bitmap image Windows .zip Compressed file WinZip .pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat .htm or .html Web page Hypertext Markup Language by Gargi Mukherjee
- 59. by Gargi Mukherjee Howto Make Extensions Visible in Windows • Windows default is NOT to show the common extensions of filenames but we want to SEE them! • Open a Windows Explorer window • Choose Organize tab • Choose Folder and search options • Choose View tab • UNcheck the box that says “Hide extensions for known file types” • Choose “Apply to Folders” • (Win 10) https://www.thewindowsclub.com/show-file-extensions-in- windows
- 60. by Gargi Mukherjee FileDirectories and Folders • Every storage device has a directory containing a list of its files • Root directory (like “C:”) • Subdirectory • Depicted as folders • A computer’s file location is defined by a file specification, or path • Examples: D: is the root of the D drive • Examples: C:NotesCS 101Week 1notes.txt • Examples: F:1999MusicCDsPrince
- 61. File Explorer • FileExplorer (also known as Windows Explorer) helps you manipulate files and folders in the following ways: • Rename • Copy • Move • Delete • Windows offers a set of preconfigured personal folders, such as My Documents and My Music, for storing your personal data files by Gargi Mukherjee
- 62. by Gargi Mukherjee WindowsExplorer • NOT the same as Internet Explorer! Windows Explorer is a file manager • Shows files in different views • Shows files’ information: name, date modified, type, size and others you can set (Turn menu bar on, then View then menu choice Choose Details) • Uses Graphical User Interface to let you move files around, copy them, erase them
- 63. by Gargi Mukherjee FileSizes and Dates • A file contains data, stored as a group of bits • File size is usually measured in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes • The file date indicates the date that a file was created or last modified
- 64. by Gargi Mukherjee FileProperties • In Windows, right click on a file icon and you see a menu of things you can do to the file • Last choice on menu is Properties • Look at the Security Tab • Shows the groups or users who can access the file • Shows “permissions” = Modify, Read & execute, Read, Write • Modify = change an existing file • Read = see what’s inside • Read & execute = see what’s inside and run it if executable • Write = create new files, modify existing files
Editor's Notes
- #7 Home – No security between users of the computer Professional – Users could allow others to view or change their files, or completely block files from view Windows XP – Two versions: Professional ($200) and Home ($100), then two other versions were added: Media Center Edition and Tablet Edition
- #14 Access the command prompt by typing "cmd" in the Run box, or, in the menu: Start, Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt.
- #19 “DOS” is a misnomer. DOS really doesn’t exist anymore. It’s a command prompt.