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ORGANIZATION OF THE
PETROLEUM EXPORTING
COUNTRIES (OPEC)
编制:
斯瓦 (7606016)
李佳 (76086006)
乔伊 ( 76086008)
欧佩克(OPEC)的标志
石油 - 世界经济的生命之血
1)石油 - 我们世界经济的生命之一就是石油。
2)石油对当今经济的影响已经见证了消费者很
多次。
3)我们已经看到,随着石油价格的波动,人力
消费和旅游如何受到影响。相比之下,几乎所有
的能源都是使用石油生产的,汽车,卡车,铁路,
飞机,使用石油来运行发动机。因此,如果石油
供应扰乱了一天,我们可以想象世界经济会受到
怎样的巨大影响。
关于欧佩克
石油输出国组织(欧佩克)是一个由14个国家组成的政府间组织,截
至2017年5月,前五名成员(伊朗,伊拉克,科威特,沙特阿拉伯,
委内瑞拉)于1960年在巴格达成立,自1965年以来总部设在维也纳。
截至2016年,14个国家估计占全球石油产量的44%,占世界“成熟”
石油储量的73%,这给OPEC对全球原油价格产生重大影响,这在以
前由美国主导的跨国石油公司确定。
欧佩克的官方语言是英语,它的实际秘书长是: 穆罕默德 巴金多
(Mohammed Barkindo).货币以美元/桶机 (美元)
网站: www.opec.org
欧佩克主要使命
石油输出国组织的使命是:
“协调和统一成员国的石油政策,确保石油市场的稳定,确保向
消费者提供高效,经济和正规的石油供应,为生产者提供稳定的
收入,公平的回报为石油行业投资者提供资金。“该组织也是国
际石油市场信息的重要提供者”。
欧佩克的功能
稳定的石油市场,合理的价格和稳定的供应给
消费者.
石油输出国组织是为了确保石油在世界市场的
价格得到适当的控制。
他们的主要目标是防止全球市场石油价格的有
害增长,并确保生产石油的国家有公平的利润.
会籍 (目前的成员国家)
截至2017年5月,欧佩克共有14个成员国:中东(西亚)6个,
非洲6个,南美2个。根据美国能源情报署的数据,欧佩克
2016年的石油产量(包括凝析油)合计率占世界石油总量的
44%,欧佩克占世界“成熟”石油储量的73%,其中包括
48%中东六名成员。批准新成员国需要欧佩克现有成员四分
之三的同意,包括所有五位创始人。2015年10月,苏丹正式
提交了加入申请,但尚未成为成员。
表中列出了14个国家如下。
前成员国
• 印度尼西亚石油卡特尔决定每天将原油总产量减少120万桶,因此暂
停了欧佩克的成员资格。
• 印度尼西亚在2009年成为石油净进口国之后,暂停了一次会员制。
• 尽管印度尼西亚仍然是一个净进口国,但今年初印度尼西亚又重新
加入了该组织,所以它可以在该组织的决策中发挥积极的作用。欧
佩克在维也纳召开的第171届部长级会议期间发生了最新的停顿。
成员国加入欧佩克的时间
成员国由最初5个增加到现时14个,后加入的有卡塔尔(1961年加入)、利比
亚(1962年加入)、阿拉伯联合酋长国(1967年加入)、阿尔及利亚(1969年
加入)、尼日利亚(1971年加入)、厄瓜多尔(1973年加入,1992年退出,
2007年再加入)、安哥拉(2007年加入)、加蓬(1975年加入,1995年初退
出,2016年再加入)和赤道几内亚(2017年加入)。而印度尼西亚(1962年加
入,2008年底退出,2016年1月重新加入,同年12月再度退出)则是前成员。
该组织总部于1965年起设于奥地利首都维也纳。根据该组织的法令,它成立的
目的是协调和统一成员国石油政策和价格,确定以最适宜的手段来维护它们各
自和共同的利益;并藉撇除有害和不必要的波动,策划出不同的方法来确保国
际石油市场价格的稳定;给予产油国适度的尊重和必不可少而稳定的收入;给
予石油消费国有效、经济而稳定的供应;并给予石油工业投资者公平的回报。
欧佩克是否控制油价吗?
• 是的,欧佩克的原油出口占国际原油交易量的60%左右.
• 不,欧佩克成员国生产世界原油的42%,天然气的18%.
• 原油价格是由三大国际石油交易所的走势决定的。
1)纽约商品交易所。
2)伦敦国际石油交易所。
3)新加坡国际货币交易所。
在七十年代和八十年代,欧佩克减少了愿意提供给世界
市场的石油量。供给下降导致石油价格上涨,需求量下
降。短期内价格涨幅远远大于长期。
1)短期内石油的供需远不如长期。
2)从长远来看,需求更具弹性,因为消费者可以通过
拼车或购买更好的里程的车辆来适应更高的油价。
3)从长期来看,供给更有弹性,因为非欧佩克国家的
生产者会通过生产更多的石油来应对更高的石油价格。
为什么欧佩克不能保持高油价?
欧佩克的影响
• 在行业:石油供应短缺,石油价格将上涨。运输成本较高。经济增长缓慢。
• 经济发展
• 可持续性.
• “世界靠油生活”
• 国家的重要性(会员和非会员)
• 历史上他们利用欧佩克的自愿约束。
•俄罗斯,墨西哥,阿曼,挪威是主要的非成员国.
•控制价格需要合并.
1.欧佩克今天仍然存在,在确定配额的基础上确定石
油每桶价格仍然有相当大的影响力,但他们最好的日
子落后于他们。卡特尔似乎明白,短期内提价比长期
来得容易。
2,俄罗斯,加拿大,墨西哥等非OPEC国家剥夺了一
手垄断石油市场的势力
3.世界得益于非欧佩克国家石油产量的增加,因此近
年来减少了从欧佩克国家进口石油的年度进口量.
结论
谢谢!
Thank You!

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Opec presentation (Meno SIlva)