SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Ontwerprichtlijnen BuurtArt
Cognitive Flexibility Theory

Nr. Richtlijn                                                          Referentie          Opgenomen
  1 Multiple knowledge representations. CFT recommends                 Jacobsen &          +
    employing multiple ways to represent knowledge in                  Spiro (1993),
    instructional activities (e.g., multiple themes, multiple          Spiro et al.
    analogies, multiple intellectual points of view) to reflect more   (1987), Spiro et
    accurately the multifaceted nature of complex knowledge.           al. (1988)
  2 Link and tailor abstract concepts to different case examples.      Jacobsen &          - slechts één
    CFT recommends illustrating abstract concepts using multiple       Spiro (1993),       case example
    case examples to demonstrate to the learner the nuances of         Spiro et al.        om cognitive
    abstract conceptual variability associated with ill-structured     (1988), Spiro &     load te
    domains to the learner.                                            Jehng (1990)        voorkomen.
  3 Early introduction of domain complexity. CFT recommends            Jacobsen &          +
    the early introduction of complexity in a cognitively              Spiro (1993),
    manageable manner that still reflects some of the                  Spiro & Jehng
    multifaceted interactions of various conceptual elements.          (1990), Spiro et
                                                                       al. (1988)
  4 Stress the interrelated and web-like nature of knowledge.          Jacobsen &          - slechts één
    CFT proposes that the demonstration of conceptual                  Spiro (1993),       context om
    interrelationships in multiple contexts helps cultivate a rich     Bereiter &          cognitive load
    and flexible understanding of a complex content area.              Scardamalia         te
                                                                       (1985),             voorkomen.
                                                                       Bransford et al.
                                                                       (1989), Spiro et
                                                                       al. (1987), Spiro
                                                                       et al. (1988)
  5 Encourage knowledge assembly. CFT proposes that the                Jacobsen &          +
    learner assemble relevant abstract conceptual and case-            Spiro (1993),
    specific knowledge components for a given knowledge                Spiro et al.
    application or problem-solving task.                               (1988)
Hypervideo

Nr. Richtlijn                                                          Referentie          Opgenomen
  6 The working memory consists of an independent auditory             Finke, Grimm & +
    and visual working memory, which is limited regarding its          Tazari (2003)
    capacity. It is comprehensible that the available cognitive
    resources should be applied to the learning process, avoiding
    irrelevant information content in order to save the working
    memory from overloading.
  7 For complex interactive presentations like collaborative           Finke, Grimm & +
    hypervideo, provide the user with an overview of the overall       Tazari (2003),
    media structure and the learning target.                           Schnots and
                                                                       Zink (1997)
8 With the disclosure of the hypervideo structure, a user can        Finke, Grimm & +
   obtain an overview by navigating within the information            Tazari (2003),
   space, preventing the problem of disorientation. In addition,      Guimarães,
   the navigation within an information space provides the user       Chambel, and
   with a summary about the different sub-topics, which form          Bidarra (2000)
   the whole presentation.
 9 Since the reduced display size of mobile end-devices does not      Finke, Grimm & +
   allow the presentation of large complex illustrations or           Tazari (2003)
   complex coherences at the same time, such content has to be
   separated. Therefore, the visualization of the hypervideo
   structure in a mobile environment has to be established to
   prevent user disorientation resulting in a cognitive overload.
10 Cognitive load can also be reduced if the so-called split          Finke, Grimm & +
   attention effect is prevented. The split-attention effect or the   Tazari (2003),
   contiguity principle state that information elements that          Sweller (1999),
   refer to each other should be arranged as close to each other      Mayer (2001)
   as possible so that the users do not have to split their
   attention between the different information resources.
11 The common background knowledge of a community is an               Palme (1992), +
   important aspect participants have to be aware of before           Finke, Grimm &
   formulating their contribution. Insufficient background            Tazari (2003)
   knowledge increases the cognitive load when accessing
   inappropriate not appropriate contributions. Provide a
   message history and a contribution archive that enables the
   user to obtain information about former contributions and
   their authors.
12 Suggest a concurrency control so that, for instance, only one   Finke, Grimm &     +
   participant at a time has access to an information unit. Even   Tazari (2003),
   here, a contribution archive might be applicable                Ellis, Gibbs and
                                                                   Rein (1991)
13 In collaborative environments, information elements that are Finke, Grimm &        -, geen
   related to each other should be linked spatially to each other. Tazari (2003),     samenwerkin
   A fast access to related information units enables a user to    Ahern (1993)       g
   gain a better understanding of the topic and thus reduces
   cognitive load.
14 The overall design principles for groupware-interfaces have     Finke, Grimm &     +/-, niet
   to be considered, as well. These design principles address      Tazari (2003),     nadrukkelijk
   issues concerning self-explanatory capability, software         Hewitt and         op getest.
   ergonomics, error robustness and controlling.                   Gilbert (1993)     Reden: tijd.

Instructievorm

Nr. Richtlijn                                                         Referentie      Opgenomen
15 Elke les is opgebouwd uit een "Introduction", "Body",              Smith & Ragan   +
   "Conclusion" en "Assessment"                                       (2005)
16 De introductie is opgebouwd uit attentie vragen, doel              Smith & Ragan   +
   bekendmaken, motivatie opwekken, preview van de activiteit         (2005)
   geven
17 De body is opgebouwd uit het oproepen van relevante                Smith & Ragan   +
   kennis, geven van informatie en voorbeelden, attentie-focus,       (2005)
   uitleg van de leerstrategieën, inoefening, feedback-moment
18 De conclusie bevat een samenvatting, geeft aan wat geleerd     Smith & Ragan      +
   is                                                             (2005)
19 De beoordeling bevat een beoordeling van het geleerde, en      Smith & Ragan      +
   zorgt voor feedback                                            (2005)
Mobiel leren/Constructivisme/Ervaringsgericht leren/Ontwerpprincipes Mayer (=meerwaarde
multimedia)

Nr. Richtlijn                                                     Referentie         Opgenomen
20 Lerenden construeren hun eigen kennis                           Jonasson          +
                                                                   (1991)
21   De nadruk ligt op wat lerenden moeten doen en niet op hoe Ginsburg &            +
     zij hun kennis representeren                                  Opper, (1987)
22   Kennis kan niet zomaar worden verplaatst naar het hoofd van Caballé et al.,     +
     de lerende, kennis ontstaat door ervaring                     2010; Chen,
                                                                   Hung & Wei,
                                                                   2010; Papert,
                                                                   1980
23   De instructeur is een organisator en een coach die lerenden   Chen et al.,      +
     helpt tijdens het leren                                       2010; Zurrita &
                                                                   Nussbaum,
                                                                   2004
24   ook kan deze feedback geven, (iets wat gezien kan worden      Holzinger,        +
     als een belangrijk element van het constructivisme)           Nischelwitzer &
                                                                   Meisenberger,
                                                                   2005; Lan &
                                                                   Tsai, 2011;
                                                                   Zurrita &
                                                                   Nussbaum,
                                                                   2004
25   Het multimedia effect wil zeggend dat leerlingen beter leren Mayer, 2003        +
     van instructie van zowel woorden als plaatjes, dan van alleen
     woorden. Met een mobiel apparaat is het mogelijk niet allen
     tekst weer te geven maar daarbij ook plaatjes (of video’s) te
     presenteren.
26   Het spacial contiguity effect geeft aan dat studenten beter   Mayer, 2003       +, mager
     leren van een multimedia instructie wanneer
     corresponderende woorden en plaatjes bij elkaar worden
     gepresenteerd in plaats van apart van elkaar. Naast dat op
     mobiele apparaten zowel tekst als figuren gepresenteerd
     kunnen worden, is het met mobiel leren ook mogelijk echte
     tastbare objecten te koppelen aan gegeven informatie op de
     apparaten.
27   Er moet ook rekening worden gehouden met het redundancy Liu et al., 2012;       +
     effect. Leerlingen leren door objecten in de werkelijkheid te Mayer, 2003
     zien, maar wanneer ze zowel tekst als plaatjes als het
     werkelijke object zien, leren zij juist weer minder. Wanneer
     zowel het plaatje als het object hetzelfde is, moeten deze
     tegelijk verwerkt worden wat meer tijd kost.
28 Het personalization effect geeft aan dat leerlingen beter   Mayer, 2003;   +
   leren wanneer de gepresenteerde informatie aangepast is     Kennisnet,
   aan hun kennis en belevingswereld. Ook dit maakt mobiel     2010;
   leren mogelijk. De gegeven informatie kan op het niveau     Kennisnet,
   worden gemaakt van bijvoorbeeld een klas maar daarnaast     2006;
   kan de informatie of de opdracht aangepast worden aan de    Kommers,
   behoefte van de individuele leerling                        2005.

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Ontwerprichtlijnen buurt art

  • 1. Ontwerprichtlijnen BuurtArt Cognitive Flexibility Theory Nr. Richtlijn Referentie Opgenomen 1 Multiple knowledge representations. CFT recommends Jacobsen & + employing multiple ways to represent knowledge in Spiro (1993), instructional activities (e.g., multiple themes, multiple Spiro et al. analogies, multiple intellectual points of view) to reflect more (1987), Spiro et accurately the multifaceted nature of complex knowledge. al. (1988) 2 Link and tailor abstract concepts to different case examples. Jacobsen & - slechts één CFT recommends illustrating abstract concepts using multiple Spiro (1993), case example case examples to demonstrate to the learner the nuances of Spiro et al. om cognitive abstract conceptual variability associated with ill-structured (1988), Spiro & load te domains to the learner. Jehng (1990) voorkomen. 3 Early introduction of domain complexity. CFT recommends Jacobsen & + the early introduction of complexity in a cognitively Spiro (1993), manageable manner that still reflects some of the Spiro & Jehng multifaceted interactions of various conceptual elements. (1990), Spiro et al. (1988) 4 Stress the interrelated and web-like nature of knowledge. Jacobsen & - slechts één CFT proposes that the demonstration of conceptual Spiro (1993), context om interrelationships in multiple contexts helps cultivate a rich Bereiter & cognitive load and flexible understanding of a complex content area. Scardamalia te (1985), voorkomen. Bransford et al. (1989), Spiro et al. (1987), Spiro et al. (1988) 5 Encourage knowledge assembly. CFT proposes that the Jacobsen & + learner assemble relevant abstract conceptual and case- Spiro (1993), specific knowledge components for a given knowledge Spiro et al. application or problem-solving task. (1988) Hypervideo Nr. Richtlijn Referentie Opgenomen 6 The working memory consists of an independent auditory Finke, Grimm & + and visual working memory, which is limited regarding its Tazari (2003) capacity. It is comprehensible that the available cognitive resources should be applied to the learning process, avoiding irrelevant information content in order to save the working memory from overloading. 7 For complex interactive presentations like collaborative Finke, Grimm & + hypervideo, provide the user with an overview of the overall Tazari (2003), media structure and the learning target. Schnots and Zink (1997)
  • 2. 8 With the disclosure of the hypervideo structure, a user can Finke, Grimm & + obtain an overview by navigating within the information Tazari (2003), space, preventing the problem of disorientation. In addition, Guimarães, the navigation within an information space provides the user Chambel, and with a summary about the different sub-topics, which form Bidarra (2000) the whole presentation. 9 Since the reduced display size of mobile end-devices does not Finke, Grimm & + allow the presentation of large complex illustrations or Tazari (2003) complex coherences at the same time, such content has to be separated. Therefore, the visualization of the hypervideo structure in a mobile environment has to be established to prevent user disorientation resulting in a cognitive overload. 10 Cognitive load can also be reduced if the so-called split Finke, Grimm & + attention effect is prevented. The split-attention effect or the Tazari (2003), contiguity principle state that information elements that Sweller (1999), refer to each other should be arranged as close to each other Mayer (2001) as possible so that the users do not have to split their attention between the different information resources. 11 The common background knowledge of a community is an Palme (1992), + important aspect participants have to be aware of before Finke, Grimm & formulating their contribution. Insufficient background Tazari (2003) knowledge increases the cognitive load when accessing inappropriate not appropriate contributions. Provide a message history and a contribution archive that enables the user to obtain information about former contributions and their authors. 12 Suggest a concurrency control so that, for instance, only one Finke, Grimm & + participant at a time has access to an information unit. Even Tazari (2003), here, a contribution archive might be applicable Ellis, Gibbs and Rein (1991) 13 In collaborative environments, information elements that are Finke, Grimm & -, geen related to each other should be linked spatially to each other. Tazari (2003), samenwerkin A fast access to related information units enables a user to Ahern (1993) g gain a better understanding of the topic and thus reduces cognitive load. 14 The overall design principles for groupware-interfaces have Finke, Grimm & +/-, niet to be considered, as well. These design principles address Tazari (2003), nadrukkelijk issues concerning self-explanatory capability, software Hewitt and op getest. ergonomics, error robustness and controlling. Gilbert (1993) Reden: tijd. Instructievorm Nr. Richtlijn Referentie Opgenomen 15 Elke les is opgebouwd uit een "Introduction", "Body", Smith & Ragan + "Conclusion" en "Assessment" (2005) 16 De introductie is opgebouwd uit attentie vragen, doel Smith & Ragan + bekendmaken, motivatie opwekken, preview van de activiteit (2005) geven 17 De body is opgebouwd uit het oproepen van relevante Smith & Ragan + kennis, geven van informatie en voorbeelden, attentie-focus, (2005) uitleg van de leerstrategieën, inoefening, feedback-moment
  • 3. 18 De conclusie bevat een samenvatting, geeft aan wat geleerd Smith & Ragan + is (2005) 19 De beoordeling bevat een beoordeling van het geleerde, en Smith & Ragan + zorgt voor feedback (2005) Mobiel leren/Constructivisme/Ervaringsgericht leren/Ontwerpprincipes Mayer (=meerwaarde multimedia) Nr. Richtlijn Referentie Opgenomen 20 Lerenden construeren hun eigen kennis Jonasson + (1991) 21 De nadruk ligt op wat lerenden moeten doen en niet op hoe Ginsburg & + zij hun kennis representeren Opper, (1987) 22 Kennis kan niet zomaar worden verplaatst naar het hoofd van Caballé et al., + de lerende, kennis ontstaat door ervaring 2010; Chen, Hung & Wei, 2010; Papert, 1980 23 De instructeur is een organisator en een coach die lerenden Chen et al., + helpt tijdens het leren 2010; Zurrita & Nussbaum, 2004 24 ook kan deze feedback geven, (iets wat gezien kan worden Holzinger, + als een belangrijk element van het constructivisme) Nischelwitzer & Meisenberger, 2005; Lan & Tsai, 2011; Zurrita & Nussbaum, 2004 25 Het multimedia effect wil zeggend dat leerlingen beter leren Mayer, 2003 + van instructie van zowel woorden als plaatjes, dan van alleen woorden. Met een mobiel apparaat is het mogelijk niet allen tekst weer te geven maar daarbij ook plaatjes (of video’s) te presenteren. 26 Het spacial contiguity effect geeft aan dat studenten beter Mayer, 2003 +, mager leren van een multimedia instructie wanneer corresponderende woorden en plaatjes bij elkaar worden gepresenteerd in plaats van apart van elkaar. Naast dat op mobiele apparaten zowel tekst als figuren gepresenteerd kunnen worden, is het met mobiel leren ook mogelijk echte tastbare objecten te koppelen aan gegeven informatie op de apparaten. 27 Er moet ook rekening worden gehouden met het redundancy Liu et al., 2012; + effect. Leerlingen leren door objecten in de werkelijkheid te Mayer, 2003 zien, maar wanneer ze zowel tekst als plaatjes als het werkelijke object zien, leren zij juist weer minder. Wanneer zowel het plaatje als het object hetzelfde is, moeten deze tegelijk verwerkt worden wat meer tijd kost.
  • 4. 28 Het personalization effect geeft aan dat leerlingen beter Mayer, 2003; + leren wanneer de gepresenteerde informatie aangepast is Kennisnet, aan hun kennis en belevingswereld. Ook dit maakt mobiel 2010; leren mogelijk. De gegeven informatie kan op het niveau Kennisnet, worden gemaakt van bijvoorbeeld een klas maar daarnaast 2006; kan de informatie of de opdracht aangepast worden aan de Kommers, behoefte van de individuele leerling 2005.