This study was undertaken to know the presence of pesticide residues in river water & sediment samples collected from the major rivers across India which are traditionally used as a source for irrigation. The study aimed to identify the presence of residues of most commonly used pesticide, endosulfan. The results showed no detection of endosulfan in any of the samples analyzed.
The document provides an overview of a project to assess river health and environmental flows in China. It describes pilot studies conducted on the Gui River and Yellow River, including collecting biological samples to evaluate river health. The goal is to trial international approaches to assessment and consider applying the methods nationally to influence policies.
This document introduces a study tour on river health and environmental flows in China. It discusses monitoring river condition through both traditional and biological monitoring. It will consider how to build effective monitoring systems and use the information for management. The study tour will trial international approaches to river health assessment and environmental flows assessment to help apply these methods nationally in China. It provides background on river basin management in Australia as a point of comparison. The objective is to pilot these assessment methods in select river basins in China to evaluate application to national policies.
Paper published in The Journal of Pipeline Engineering: A practical Approach to Pipeline Corrosion Modelling: Part 2 - Short-term integrity forecasting
1. The document discusses the controversy around endosulfan pesticide spraying in Kasargod district of Kerala between 1981-2000 and its potential link to health issues in the area.
2. While some villages near the sprayed cashew plantations reported unusually high rates of infertility, congenital disabilities, and other health problems, the evidence linking endosulfan to these issues is inconclusive and there are many unanswered questions.
3. Other potential contributing factors like genetic disorders, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and environmental factors like water quality have not been fully investigated and the health problems are not confined to areas that were sprayed.
This poem is a birthday message from a partner to their loved one Scott expressing their deep love and appreciation for him. The author describes how Scott makes them laugh even when sad and gives them strength to keep trying. They say Scott is always there to support them and that without him they would feel lost. The author has a daughter with Scott who also loves him very much. They promise Scott they will always love him with all their heart and soul.
The Indian farmers wrote a letter to Mr. Sharad Pawar in order to inform him about the problems faced by the farmers in India due to the orchestrated activity against Endosulfan in Kerala. The uncalled for hype against Endosulfan in Kerala has created numerous troubles.
Endosulfan ban no clear battle lines drawnshreeramkannan
The document discusses the debate around banning the pesticide endosulfan. While the EU and some other countries want to impose a global ban due to health and environmental concerns, India disputes the evidence against endosulfan and wants to resist a ban. Studies have linked endosulfan to health problems in areas where it was used, but India argues there is no scientific consensus and alternatives are too expensive. With many countries for and against a ban, there is no clear resolution on the global regulation of endosulfan.
Debunking of the fraud nioh report on endosulfanshreeramkannan
Raw data obtained by application under Right to Information Act, 2005, reveal that the Final Report of NIOH is erroneous, incorrect, unacceptable and unreliable.The Final Report suffers from incorrect representation of facts and inconsistency of calculation methodology. Most of the data in the report is MASKED. The “SO “called Scientific Report is proved FRADULENT.
The document provides an overview of a project to assess river health and environmental flows in China. It describes pilot studies conducted on the Gui River and Yellow River, including collecting biological samples to evaluate river health. The goal is to trial international approaches to assessment and consider applying the methods nationally to influence policies.
This document introduces a study tour on river health and environmental flows in China. It discusses monitoring river condition through both traditional and biological monitoring. It will consider how to build effective monitoring systems and use the information for management. The study tour will trial international approaches to river health assessment and environmental flows assessment to help apply these methods nationally in China. It provides background on river basin management in Australia as a point of comparison. The objective is to pilot these assessment methods in select river basins in China to evaluate application to national policies.
Paper published in The Journal of Pipeline Engineering: A practical Approach to Pipeline Corrosion Modelling: Part 2 - Short-term integrity forecasting
1. The document discusses the controversy around endosulfan pesticide spraying in Kasargod district of Kerala between 1981-2000 and its potential link to health issues in the area.
2. While some villages near the sprayed cashew plantations reported unusually high rates of infertility, congenital disabilities, and other health problems, the evidence linking endosulfan to these issues is inconclusive and there are many unanswered questions.
3. Other potential contributing factors like genetic disorders, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and environmental factors like water quality have not been fully investigated and the health problems are not confined to areas that were sprayed.
This poem is a birthday message from a partner to their loved one Scott expressing their deep love and appreciation for him. The author describes how Scott makes them laugh even when sad and gives them strength to keep trying. They say Scott is always there to support them and that without him they would feel lost. The author has a daughter with Scott who also loves him very much. They promise Scott they will always love him with all their heart and soul.
The Indian farmers wrote a letter to Mr. Sharad Pawar in order to inform him about the problems faced by the farmers in India due to the orchestrated activity against Endosulfan in Kerala. The uncalled for hype against Endosulfan in Kerala has created numerous troubles.
Endosulfan ban no clear battle lines drawnshreeramkannan
The document discusses the debate around banning the pesticide endosulfan. While the EU and some other countries want to impose a global ban due to health and environmental concerns, India disputes the evidence against endosulfan and wants to resist a ban. Studies have linked endosulfan to health problems in areas where it was used, but India argues there is no scientific consensus and alternatives are too expensive. With many countries for and against a ban, there is no clear resolution on the global regulation of endosulfan.
Debunking of the fraud nioh report on endosulfanshreeramkannan
Raw data obtained by application under Right to Information Act, 2005, reveal that the Final Report of NIOH is erroneous, incorrect, unacceptable and unreliable.The Final Report suffers from incorrect representation of facts and inconsistency of calculation methodology. Most of the data in the report is MASKED. The “SO “called Scientific Report is proved FRADULENT.
The document is about a young man who returns to his village in India on Republic Day. He discusses the country's diversity and unity with his grandfather. When pesticide bans come up, the grandfather insists reports of health issues are false and tasks the grandson with investigating why the pesticide is being targeted. The grandson discusses it with his father and fiancée, who informs him about the Stockholm Convention, an international treaty to eliminate persistent pollutants.
Deceitful decisions at stockholm conventionshreeramkannan
This report chronicles how the POP Review Committee (POPRC) often fails to operate in line with its own rules of procedure and the text of Stockholm Convention, under pressure from the Europe. This will be illustrated using the recent example of how the European Union’s (EU) proposal on the pesticide Endosulfan at the Stockholm Convention was dealt with by the POPRC.
Letter by the endosuflan workers in protest of the banshreeramkannan
The Endosulfan workers from Gujrat raise their voice against the fraud NIOH report by writing a protest letter to the District Collector of Bhavnagar. The reports against Endosalfan are conspiracy and false propaganda. In order to prove the truth, workers even demanded to have their blood samples checked for endosulfan residues.
This document highlights certain hidden facts regarding Endosulfan and its use. The HIL workers appeal to the citizens of India to look into facts before arriving to any conclusion. Efforts should be made to alleviate the misgivings of people through scientific evaluation.
Application of endosulfan is subjected to various factors that affect agriculture.The presentation gives a detailed understanding of major issues related to endosulfan, from the percentage of usage to the Stockholm convention fallout, every aspect which proves endosulfan a safe pesticide to use.
Application of endosulfan is subjected to various factors that affect agriculture.The presentation gives a detailed understanding of major issues related to endosulfan, from the percentage of usage to the Stockholm convention fallout, every aspect which proves endosulfan a safe pesticide to use.
The presentation states that endosulfan is not banned in USA. Its registrations have been withdrawn by the Industry until the end of 2016. The volume of endosulfan used in the USA is small in comparison to the remainder of the world because the target insects are different and replacements are not available. The industry agreed to continue to supply endosulfan for specified uses in the USA over the next 6 years until 2016… http://whybanendosulfan.org
The presentation states that the committees which reviewed the NIOH study on Endosulfan did not find any confirmation which states that endosulfan is harmful. In absence of confirmation the residues of Endosulfan reported by NIOH cannot be accepted. Besides the NIOH study has also reported Endosulfan residues far below the minimum limit of detection of GC-ECD. The call for a ban on Endosulfan is not justified on a scientific basis and endosulfan can be used on fruits and vegetables without fear of residues. They also stated that there is no health effect on exposure to Endosulfan…http://whybanendosulfan.org
The EPA document provides a Reregistration Eligibility Decision for the pesticide endosulfan. It finds that endosulfan poses risks to human health from dietary exposure and risks to aquatic organisms in the environment. To address these risks, the EPA requires various mitigation measures including use limitations, application rate reductions, and modified equipment. It also requires additional toxicity studies on birds and aquatic organisms to confirm its assessments.
Endosulfan does not persist in living beingsshreeramkannan
The document summarizes revisions made to an earlier EFSA opinion on endosulfan published on July 7, 2005. The revisions were deemed necessary as one study cited in the original was mischaracterized, and two additional fish studies on endosulfan exposure via feed became available. The changes included replacing a paragraph and bullet point on effects in fish. A referenced study was also replaced. The Panel is also notified of an ongoing oral toxicity study in Atlantic salmon exposed to endosulfan in feed, which may lead to further updates.
This analysis deals with finding the residues of Endosulfan in blood. Researchers, Atmakuru Ramesh and Perumal Elumalai Ravi tested the blood samples of workers and people exposed to Endosulfan for a long time. The study concludes the absence of endosulfan residues in the blood reports.
Endosulfan has not contaminated yamuna river scientific reportshreeramkannan
Yamuna, a prominent river of India covers an extensive area from Yamunotri glacier through six Indian states. Residues of endosulfan were analyzed in water of river Yamuna along its stretch passing through. The studies concluded that endosulfan remained below detection limits. Hence, the report clearly states the absence of endosulfan accumulation in water.
This study analyzed organochlorine pesticide residue levels in five freshwater fish species in Punjab, India. DDTs were the predominant contaminants found in all fish species, with p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE being the main pollutants detected. Other organochlorines such as HCH isomers and dieldrin were found at lower levels. α-HCH was the dominant HCH isomer in all fish. Aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor and endosulphan residues were not detected. The levels found were below national and international tolerance limits for human consumption. The study aimed to monitor pesticide contamination in edible fish to ensure food safety and compliance with
In a study conducted by National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, India for the residues of endosulfan in the water and fish samples from Himalayan region, no such residues were detected in fish samples collected from snowfed and rainfed rivers of Kumaun Himalayas. The report thus clearly states endosulfan degrades easily without leaving any toxic effects on living beings.
Endosulfan has negligible residues in drinking water who reportshreeramkannan
This document provides background information on endosulfan, an insecticide used worldwide. It discusses the chemical's identity, properties, uses, environmental fate, levels found in various media, human exposure, kinetics and metabolism in animals and humans, effects seen in animal and in vitro studies, and conclusions. Key points include:
- Endosulfan is a contact insecticide used on various food and non-food crops. It consists of alpha and beta isomers.
- It undergoes photolysis and hydrolysis in the environment. Biodegradation produces the persistent metabolite endosulfan sulfate.
- Testing finds it highly toxic via oral and dermal routes. Target organ is the kidney,
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
How do I plan a Kilimanjaro Climb?
Planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is an exciting yet detailed process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for this incredible adventure.
Golden Gate Bridge: Magnificent Architecture in San Francisco | CIO Women Mag...CIOWomenMagazine
The famous suspension bridge connects the city of San Francisco to Marin County in California. Golden Gate Bridge carries both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait and is about one mile wide. In this article, we will explore the history and significance that have shaped the iconic monument it is known as today.
Nature of the task 1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what ar...solutionaia
1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
6. cost of shoping
7. cost of saving
The document is about a young man who returns to his village in India on Republic Day. He discusses the country's diversity and unity with his grandfather. When pesticide bans come up, the grandfather insists reports of health issues are false and tasks the grandson with investigating why the pesticide is being targeted. The grandson discusses it with his father and fiancée, who informs him about the Stockholm Convention, an international treaty to eliminate persistent pollutants.
Deceitful decisions at stockholm conventionshreeramkannan
This report chronicles how the POP Review Committee (POPRC) often fails to operate in line with its own rules of procedure and the text of Stockholm Convention, under pressure from the Europe. This will be illustrated using the recent example of how the European Union’s (EU) proposal on the pesticide Endosulfan at the Stockholm Convention was dealt with by the POPRC.
Letter by the endosuflan workers in protest of the banshreeramkannan
The Endosulfan workers from Gujrat raise their voice against the fraud NIOH report by writing a protest letter to the District Collector of Bhavnagar. The reports against Endosalfan are conspiracy and false propaganda. In order to prove the truth, workers even demanded to have their blood samples checked for endosulfan residues.
This document highlights certain hidden facts regarding Endosulfan and its use. The HIL workers appeal to the citizens of India to look into facts before arriving to any conclusion. Efforts should be made to alleviate the misgivings of people through scientific evaluation.
Application of endosulfan is subjected to various factors that affect agriculture.The presentation gives a detailed understanding of major issues related to endosulfan, from the percentage of usage to the Stockholm convention fallout, every aspect which proves endosulfan a safe pesticide to use.
Application of endosulfan is subjected to various factors that affect agriculture.The presentation gives a detailed understanding of major issues related to endosulfan, from the percentage of usage to the Stockholm convention fallout, every aspect which proves endosulfan a safe pesticide to use.
The presentation states that endosulfan is not banned in USA. Its registrations have been withdrawn by the Industry until the end of 2016. The volume of endosulfan used in the USA is small in comparison to the remainder of the world because the target insects are different and replacements are not available. The industry agreed to continue to supply endosulfan for specified uses in the USA over the next 6 years until 2016… http://whybanendosulfan.org
The presentation states that the committees which reviewed the NIOH study on Endosulfan did not find any confirmation which states that endosulfan is harmful. In absence of confirmation the residues of Endosulfan reported by NIOH cannot be accepted. Besides the NIOH study has also reported Endosulfan residues far below the minimum limit of detection of GC-ECD. The call for a ban on Endosulfan is not justified on a scientific basis and endosulfan can be used on fruits and vegetables without fear of residues. They also stated that there is no health effect on exposure to Endosulfan…http://whybanendosulfan.org
The EPA document provides a Reregistration Eligibility Decision for the pesticide endosulfan. It finds that endosulfan poses risks to human health from dietary exposure and risks to aquatic organisms in the environment. To address these risks, the EPA requires various mitigation measures including use limitations, application rate reductions, and modified equipment. It also requires additional toxicity studies on birds and aquatic organisms to confirm its assessments.
Endosulfan does not persist in living beingsshreeramkannan
The document summarizes revisions made to an earlier EFSA opinion on endosulfan published on July 7, 2005. The revisions were deemed necessary as one study cited in the original was mischaracterized, and two additional fish studies on endosulfan exposure via feed became available. The changes included replacing a paragraph and bullet point on effects in fish. A referenced study was also replaced. The Panel is also notified of an ongoing oral toxicity study in Atlantic salmon exposed to endosulfan in feed, which may lead to further updates.
This analysis deals with finding the residues of Endosulfan in blood. Researchers, Atmakuru Ramesh and Perumal Elumalai Ravi tested the blood samples of workers and people exposed to Endosulfan for a long time. The study concludes the absence of endosulfan residues in the blood reports.
Endosulfan has not contaminated yamuna river scientific reportshreeramkannan
Yamuna, a prominent river of India covers an extensive area from Yamunotri glacier through six Indian states. Residues of endosulfan were analyzed in water of river Yamuna along its stretch passing through. The studies concluded that endosulfan remained below detection limits. Hence, the report clearly states the absence of endosulfan accumulation in water.
This study analyzed organochlorine pesticide residue levels in five freshwater fish species in Punjab, India. DDTs were the predominant contaminants found in all fish species, with p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE being the main pollutants detected. Other organochlorines such as HCH isomers and dieldrin were found at lower levels. α-HCH was the dominant HCH isomer in all fish. Aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor and endosulphan residues were not detected. The levels found were below national and international tolerance limits for human consumption. The study aimed to monitor pesticide contamination in edible fish to ensure food safety and compliance with
In a study conducted by National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, India for the residues of endosulfan in the water and fish samples from Himalayan region, no such residues were detected in fish samples collected from snowfed and rainfed rivers of Kumaun Himalayas. The report thus clearly states endosulfan degrades easily without leaving any toxic effects on living beings.
Endosulfan has negligible residues in drinking water who reportshreeramkannan
This document provides background information on endosulfan, an insecticide used worldwide. It discusses the chemical's identity, properties, uses, environmental fate, levels found in various media, human exposure, kinetics and metabolism in animals and humans, effects seen in animal and in vitro studies, and conclusions. Key points include:
- Endosulfan is a contact insecticide used on various food and non-food crops. It consists of alpha and beta isomers.
- It undergoes photolysis and hydrolysis in the environment. Biodegradation produces the persistent metabolite endosulfan sulfate.
- Testing finds it highly toxic via oral and dermal routes. Target organ is the kidney,
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
How do I plan a Kilimanjaro Climb?
Planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is an exciting yet detailed process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for this incredible adventure.
Golden Gate Bridge: Magnificent Architecture in San Francisco | CIO Women Mag...CIOWomenMagazine
The famous suspension bridge connects the city of San Francisco to Marin County in California. Golden Gate Bridge carries both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait and is about one mile wide. In this article, we will explore the history and significance that have shaped the iconic monument it is known as today.
Nature of the task 1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what ar...solutionaia
1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
6. cost of shoping
7. cost of saving
Explore Architectural Wonders and Vibrant Culture With Naples ToursNaples Tours
Discover the historical gems and vivid culture of Naples with our guided tours. From the vivid narrow streets of Spaccanapoli to the ancient ruins of Pompeii, the city offers a mixed bag of adventurous experiences. Book your tickets today https://www.naples.tours/ and experience the best of Naples!
What Challenges Await Beginners in SnowshoeingSnowshoe Tahoe
Discover the exhilarating world of snowshoeing through our presentation, highlighting the challenges faced by beginners. From physical exertion to technical finesse and braving harsh winter conditions, each step in the snow brings new obstacles and unforgettable adventures. Embrace the challenge and conquer the winter wonderland with confidence!
Prepare for cold weather rafting with proper gear: layering for warmth, insulated headgear, gloves, waterproof footwear, and essential accessories like sunglasses and sunscreen. Prioritize safety with a life jacket and maintain gear for optimal performance. Stay warm, dry, and ready for adventure on the rapids!
bangalore metro routes, stations, timingsnarinav14
Bangalore Metro, also known as Namma Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the second longest operational metro network in India after the Delhi Metro.
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
How To Change Your Name On American Airlines Aadvantage.pptxedqour001namechange
American Airlines permits passengers to change/correct names on their AAdvantage account. Also, you can request a name change both online via a web portal and offline over the phone. For further information on how to change your name on American Airlines Advantage, get in touch with the airline’s customer service. Also, you can reach out to a consolidation desk at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
Beyond the mountains, a tour in Nepal reveals a vibrant tapestry of cultural heritage. The Kathmandu Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, boasts an array of ancient temples, stupas, and palaces. Durbar Squares in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan are treasure troves of medieval art and architecture.
The Ultimate Travel Guide to Hawaii Island Hopping in 2024adventuressabifn
island hopping in Hawaii. This magical place offers a number of experiences, as each island has its own charm. Do you love adventure? Then, hike through volcanoes or kayak along an amazing coastline. If you want relaxation, then Hawaii is perfect because it has the most amazing beaches. In this blog, I will help you make an itinerary for your Hawaii Island Hopping. Every island offers something special. The Big Island offers some of the most perfect volcanoes as well as stargazing. Maui will pamper you with beaches and luxury. Kauai has some of the most lush rainforests with dramatic cliffs, and Oahu can offer a taste of city life and historical significance.
Our excursions in tahiti offer stunning lagoon tours, vibrant marine life encounters, and cultural experiences. We ensure unforgettable adventures amidst breathtaking landscapes and serene waters. For more information, mail us at tracey@uniquetahiti.com.
1. REPORT
on
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN RIVER WATER I
SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM INDIA
'For
,4
t~
CENTEGRO
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENT & AGROCHEMICALS(CENTEGRO) Kanta
Niwas, 11 th Road,
Khar (West) Mumbai - 400 052.
lJJy
SG$
Environment Division,
SGS India Private Ltd.,
Chennai
JANUARY 2a10
2. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
Report .
Analysis of pesticide r!?sidues in riVer water/sediment samples
. from India
Sponsored by
Centre for Environment & Agrochemicals
(CENTEGRO)
Ready Money Terrace, 167, Dr.A.B Road
Worli, Mumbai 400018
INDIA
Study Performed by
SGS India Pvt., Limited
1/509A, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Thoraipakkam,
Chennai " 600097, INDIA
~-GSr SGS India Pyt Ltd., Environment Division, Chennai
1
3. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
CONTEIHS
, ,
I S.No
,
: Description Page No.
,
,
, 1 Declaration ,
3
I
,
,
2 Quality-Assurance Statement 4
,
, 3 Certificate of Affirmation 5
,
,
,
I 4 i Summary of the Project ----------------~ ....
6
------,_... ---
5 ' Project Details 7
6 Introduction 8
'''''
7 About S<:;S India Pvt Ltd ,
8
,
, ,
,
,
, 8 Identification of Study Areas & Sampling Sites ,
, 10
, ....
9 list of SampLing Locations (Sediments and Water) 12
10 Sampling Procedure for River & Surface Water 18
11 ! Records Management 20
,
,
12 Quality ControL & QualityAssurance ,
, 20
13 • PartiaL Valid,ation Document for Pesticide Residue AnaLysis 21
14 Procedure for Sample AnaLysis 24
~---------
15 Results of River Water Ii Sediment Samples 26
.. -.-.... ,
,
16 Conclusion ,
, 34
,
,
...................,..
~naLYSiS
,
, ,
(FAO)
,
,
I
,
, B i Chromatograms for result along with the caLcuLations ,
,
, II
,
,
,
, C GlP certificate III
,
D ISO certificates IV
E • NA6L certificate V
F • MoEF certificate VI
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Environment Divis;on Chennai
j
4. Analysis of pesticide residu.€sin river Wllte(/sedirllent samples from India
OECLARATION'
Thi~ .is . to certify that the study "Malysis. of pesticide residues in river
water{sediment samples from hiia" , sponsorild by Ceriter for En-iironment and
Agrocnemicals ( CENTEGRO)' t)aving its. Registered office at Ready Money
Terrace, 167, Dr,A.B. Road, Worli, Mumpai, India. was carried out at SGS India
Pvt .. Limited, Chennai, india,. inaccordahce .with National GLP principles.
Place: Chennai
SGS' tndia-pvt, Ltd., Environment- Division, (henna,
3
5. Analysis of pesticide residues in river waterIsediment samples from India
. QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT
Study No. 0101:1009
Study Title Analysis of pesticide residues in river
water/sediment samples from India
The Quality Assurance Unit of SGS has reviewed this report.
The final report completely and accurately reflects the analytical results as analyzed
in the lab for the above referred study.
The study inspections were performed on the following dates.
Date:
SGSlndia Pvt Ltd., Environment Division, Chenoa,
4
7. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
SUMMARY
Agalysis of'pesticide residues in. river water/sediment sgmples from
. . . India
This study was 'undertaken to 'know the_ presence of pesticide residues in river water ft
sediment samptes coUected from the major rivers across Indla whiCh are traditionally
used as a source for irrigation. About 70 ~ocations were identified by in 6 different
states oflndia . The samples were collected and analY"ed for pesticide residues as per
national GLP( Good laboratory Practices) using state of art analytical fa!=ilities (GeMS
and lCMSMS) at our laboratory. The study was aimed to identify the presence of
residues of two most commonly used pesticides viz.} Endosulfan and Imidadoprid.
While Endosutfan, is a conventional pesticlde, Imidadoprid is a new generation
pesticide. Both are widely used in Indian agriculture. The samples were analyzed as
per US- EPA 3510C a EPA 3545A for presence of folloWing residues.
• Alpha Endosulfan
• Beta endosulfan
• Endosulfan sulfate
" lmidadoprjd
• The detection limit: 0.00001 mgll
The result:
Endosulfanllmidacloprid residUes were not detected in any of the samples analysed (
BDl' : 0.1 ppb)
• BOL: Below Delectablu limit
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Env;ronment Division, Chennai
6
8. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water I sediment samples from India
PROJECT DETAILS
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
•• Date of Initiation 1410712009
b. Date of Completion 30{1212009
c. Name of the sponsorer : Centre for Environment a Agrochemlcals
(CENTEGRO) , Mumbai , India
d. Name of the research centre: SGS India Pvt Ltd.,
Ufe scienc.e Services)
Ticel Bio park, Taraman;
Chennal - 600 OB,INDIA
N,onitoring Team SGS India Pvt Ltd., Chennal
S. Suresh Kumar, Tech. Manager
Mr.J.Palani, Sr. Executive
M.Pugazhandi, Operation lncharge
Anand, Field Chemist
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Gurgaon
Mr,Utpai Mazumdar, Operation Manager
Mr.Amit Ranjan, Operation Incharge
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Thane
Dr.Santhosh, Section Incharge
MLNikhil, Field Chemist
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Kolkat.
Mr. Desarkar, Operation Incharge
Mr. Amit Dutta, Field Chemist
so) India Pvt Ltd' l environment Division, ChenoGi
7
9. ,Analysis of pesticide residues in river waterfsedimentsamples from India
1.0 INTRODUCTION,
Around 226 pesticides are registered for use, in agriculture in India as of 2009, against
" , ,,' -
various pests and, diseases. These pesticides can be broadly classified into
. . " - . .
Ihsecticides(used for controlling insect pests), Herbiddes (used for controlling
weeds) a'nd Fungicides (used for controlling fungal pathogens ). All the pesticides
under~o rigorous toxlcologkal, inc,luding eco-~oxico'ogical risk assessments prior to
commen;ial introduction. However I the general public have apprehensions about
contamination ofwafer sources with pesticide residUes espeCially due to run off from'
•
agricultural fields following rainfall.
Hence., this study was undertaken to determine the pesticide residues in river water
8: sediments. Two most commonly used pesticides were seiected for the study~
Endosulfan and Imidacloprid. The former is a conventional pesticide and· the latfer is
a new generation pesticide. Both are widely used in Indian agrkulture. The study
involves samples taken from rivers across India and is the first of its kind,
2.0 ABOUT SGS INDIA PYT LTO.,
SGS India Pvt. Ltd is a member of SGS, the world's largest control and Inspection
Company. Represented in more than 140 countries, by 210 affiliated companies this
j
vast network of companies yields more than 2,000 offices (66,000 employees) that
maintain over 340 laboratories.
SGS is globally recognized for analytical an~:r technical. excellence in environmental
assessment. This undisputed reputation is based upon an exceptiohat record of
progressive growth ana development by continuing to exceed the standards of most
full -service environmental laboratories.
SGS Chennai Laboratories have been accredited by various organizations like GLP,
NA6L, 61S, APEDA, EIC etc" and provide wide range of testing of Air, Water, Soil,
Solid Waste) Pesticides Residues etc.
SGS india Pvt Ltd., Environment Division, Chennai
8
10. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
Analytical Capabilities
a
SGS Indra Pvt. Ltd. is fult-service,environmentallaboratory. Analyses are performed
locally on a variety of matrices, inc,luding; soil, sediment, sludge and other solids, air}
indus~dal and riiunic:ip13J effluents and w~-stes1_ groundwater and surface water 1
dr-inking water capacitor and transformer oils.
1
SGS India Pvt. ltd. personnel are proficient in diverse methodologies, including:
» Solid Waste (SW 846) Procedures for Metals, TOC, AVO, HVO, voe, SVOC,
» Pesticide and PCBs, EP Toxicity Et TelP
» EPA and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
» NIOSH Methods for Air Testing
~ US EPA Methods for stack emission
~ Pesticide and PCBs' USEPA 8000 Series, SW 846, SW 8082, EPA 525.2
» Water and Waste Water - EPA 525.2
~ Air Testing - NIOSH, OSHA, BTEX - NIOSH
» Volatile Organic Compounds - EPA I ASTM I NIOSH
» PAH s - EPA 8270
~ US EPA Methods for stack emission
SGS laboratories are well equipped with facilities to perform the foHowing
experiments
» Ambient air analysis
? Process I work zone analysis
-.,. Stack emission analysis
):> Outsourcing of manpower for environmental monitoring.
~ Volatile Organic Compounds.
» Heavy metal detections.
};> Drinking water, raw water and process water analysls
:>- Biodegradability studies
SGS India Pvt Ltd q Environment Division l Chennai
11. ',AoarYSisof pesti~ide (e~id~esiQrj"e( waterlsedirnent:amplesJrotn lodia
}>~r~siificles ana~~~iS " '...' ;
. '!;' 'Stijl;'S9lid .atld'fI~zi,rdous-W~sti!a~al¥:,ijs
:> ,i>i i~iryand~hi!r sPeCialil'eq par~m et!rs.. .
,"0-- _,. _ ,'- ,.'... '-','
' ..' ~ .' l~dooiair.qu;iliW .
" . EnviiorimentalAudit
3.0IQENTIFICATION OF~TUbvAREAS ANI) SAMPLING SITES,
The. shJdY area' and sat]1pling' loc.ations were indentified based on the possible
potential· for "fl,iater contamio.ations by· pestiddes. . The _sampling lpeations were:
. . - . "
seLected closer to., the pla~es- w~ere _ jntensi~e ag~tcultural actiyities. are practiced as
suggested by sponsor. 70 sampling sites (rivers) 'were selected for this study from 6
different states across the. country cov~ring diff~r~nt climatic and agricultural
regions.
50S India f>v! Ltd., Environment Division, Chenna;
10
12. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
SAMPLE COLLECTION AT TAPI RIVER NEAR KAMREJ (35 KM FROM SURAT), GUJARAT,
INDIA
OVERVIEW Of PURNA RIVER AT CHANGDEO, MUKTAINAGAR.
JALGAON DlST, ,MAHARASTRA ,INDIA (60 KM FROM JALC ",'(i)='=F"1[
~.,:
i,
'i
'ft. G V
UKAS : I
~'_" SGd .....'t~'!.1~~ II
~ 'f>:;:..J I
I
I
SGS India Private Limited En.vironmenral S~r'ke.'i. 101, Signature_ I, e,p.c. Road, Urrni Char RaSia, A1k$.puri. Baroda - 390 007. t 191·2GS}
233.35.09. f (91·265) 233"'j::3R;.81~.""""",_ _...."
-.",M"'",~-''''·lt''hi'''ol",,:(~'~rl'"''.b~."',b';!1;-4 '",,",,"e3>-.''''1''91''''''~'''''5"''79H'!4'''.'''1 -fi91 22) i!S.79.e~.3",
..
SGSi SGS India Pvt Ltd., Environment Division, (henna;
11
13. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
4.0 DETAILS ABOUT THE SAMPliNG LOCATIONS AND DATE OF SAMPLINGS.
LIST OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS (SEDIMENTS)
. 1.' Valgal - Kochadai, Madurai.
2. Bhavanj - Palljpalayam, (Agragaram), Erode.
3. Satluj River· Ludhiyana(Pufljabj - Down Stream, Near Bridge
4. Satluj River· Lohiakhas(Punjab) - Down Stream, Near Bridge
5. Chambal • Chambal, E.tawa Distt. Near Bhind Road Bridge
6, Yamuna· Mathura, Near Rail Bridge
5.0 DETAILS ABOUT THE SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND DATE OF SAMPLINGS.
.
5 1 UTRAPRADESH STATE
""""""", " . ,
, I ,
I ,
, ,
Sampling Sampling Total
SI.No River location
- .. __... Location Date
-----_...
Sample
Varanasi
1 Varuna Varanasi . . 22.10.2009
. Town .
·
·
I
Away from
2 Ganga •
•
•
Varanasi 3km from 2Z.1(tz009
•
• 180 Ghat
I,,, Near
3 Gomati ,
, Pilibheet Surajpur 23.10.2009 1
,
,
, Village
4( Deva Pilibheet
Near road
Bridge
23.10.2009 1
~.
Ganges ,
,
Daal Mau Daal Mau 28.10.2009 1
,
-,, ,
Bahraich I
I 6 !
,
,
Sarayu Bahraich 28.10.2009
, District .
, Lalitp~r Near Grash
7 Dhasan , 29.10.2009 1
,
, District , Village
,
, Etawa Distt.
8 ehamoal enambal Near Bhind 30.10.2009 1
Road Bridge
Near Rail
9 Yamuna Mathura 30.10.2009 1
Bridge
·-
·
· Near Hapur
Bhoipur 01.11.2009
Road Bridge
Total Number of Samples 10
SGS India P'(l Ltd., Environment Division. Chennai
12
16. Analysis of pesticide residues in river water/sediment samples from India
5.4 MAHARASHTRASTATE
Sampling Total
SI.No. River Location
. Sampling Location
Date . Sample
TAPOVAN, NEAR 25.10.09
PANCHVATI, 25 KM FROM
1 Godavari Nasik 1
NASIK CITY
DIST-AHEMADNAGAR, POST 25:10.09
Western RANDHAWESTERN
2 Parvara 1
Maharashtra MAHARAS.HTRA
.
.DIST-AHEMADNAGAR 26.10.09
Western
3 Parvara (WESRTERN MAHARASHTRA: 1
Maharashtra
70 KM FROM RANDHA.
WAI, NEAR
4 Krishna Pune 1
MAHABALESHWAR 31.10.09
AUDDUMBER, NEAR SANGLI 01.11.09
5 Krishna Sangli, 1
. POST MHAPUR, TAL-LATUR, 02.11.09
DIST-LATUR;
6 Manjira Latur 1
15 KM FROM LATUR CITY
Amaravati, 11.11.09
POST CHANGDEO, TAL·
Akola,
7 Purna MUKTAINAGAR, DIST 1
Buldhana &
JALGAON
Jalagaon
70 KM FROM JALGAON CITY, 12.11.09
8 Tapti Jalgaon 1
35 KM FROM CHANGDEO
Yavatmal, 16.11.09
Nanded,
POST MAHUR,DHANODA
Hingoli,
9 Penganga PHATA,75 KM FROM DIST 1
Washim and
YAWATMAAL
Buldhana
districts
PAITHAN, 56 KM FROM
10 Godavari Nasik AURANGABAD 29.11.09 1
Total Number of Samples 10
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Environment Division, (hennai
15
17. Analysis of pesticide resiciuesin- river ;';il.rer Isedjln~ntsamples from .IDdia
. -
"
-- - -
. ~;5GU~ARAT STATE
: ; ::-., -,. .
.
,
" , ', -
, . Sampling Total
SarnPli.i!l1,9~~tioh .·o.• w··
.
: ~r. No." RiVer !,ocati6n .'
- .' , " " (" .. · sal,lPle
.. ,'
, ,'" ,
I
,
,
,
I - -
, .
,
:', - - I .1) NEAR EUS BRIDGE,
1 . Sabarama!; Ahmedabad; , AHMEDAMb
. .1
'. I
, Vadocara , VASADi 25:~ FROM
Mah; '" VADOOARA '. 29.10.09 1
Nar:maSia l
'
.6AHRUCH. ,
3 Narmada· VadoiWa 6: : 30.10.09' 1
Bharuch .'
Shetrunj : 15 11M FROM 21.11.09
4 Palita~a
., PAlITANA,'G1)JARAT
,
. Nadi, ·2HMFROM
I 5 Bhagad 21..11.2009 1
D~ng?lrpur D!.!NGARPU R
6 Bhogavo' , , Surendra 15KM FROM
21.11.09 1
I Nagar SUREI'iORANAGAR
. DHARAGIRI {1011M
Dhupeshwar
l
J -
FROMDIST,NAVSARI,
Puma Malkapur, GUJARATj
22.11.09 1
7 Navasari
1)PQST RANDHER, TAL 22.11.09
Multani, ({11 KM FROM SURAT
8 Tapi CITY)
1
Betul
I
CH)-IQTI CHILDD, 25
9 Sabaramati. Garidhinagar KM FROM PALITANA, 1
I .' GANDHINAGAR
5.12.09
Multan;, NEARKMlREJ( 35 KM
10 Tapi 1
Betul fROM SURAT 12.12.09
I Tot.l.Humber of Samj>l::::e,,-s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _'-_1"'O'-..J
SGS India Pvt Ltd:, Environment Division, Chenna;
16
18. Analysis of pesticide residue.sinriver water/sediment samplesfrom India
. . -. . '. ". . . ."
5.6.ANDHRA pRADESH
:. , ,
,
, SAMPLING
,
,
, N~. ~f
, ,
.
! 51. No. .
NAME Of
RIVER' I location I' SAMNN(i ,
. DATE
.
,
,
, Samples
,
·
·
· ·
·
·
. LOGATION .. ,
· '1
~""""MUSi
"""""~
Suryapet. $ury~pet 17.11.09 1
.. ..
I I
I 21 Paleru Suryapet
I
27.11.09
I
1
3
Sabari . Shadrachalam Bha:dracha,lam 27.11.09 1
, ..- .... __.
4 . Pranahita Ad,ilabad Adilabad 27.11.09 1 •
, ,
,
I .. """"~
,
5 Swarnamukhi Srikalahasthi . Srikalahasthi ,
,
,
27.11.09 ,
1
, ,
,
,
,
6 "! Tungabhadra , Karnool Karnool 27.11.09 1
,
........................... 1 I
iDindi_-
.. ..
..
.. ..
..
..
7 Dindi Dindi 27,11,09 ..
..
..
1
..
..
.._ . .. .... _....
. ..
..
..
8 Manjeera Sangareddi Sangareddi 27.11.09 1
I
..
..
..
..
9 i Pennar River
..
..
..
..
..
Nellore Near Bridge 02.12.09 ..
..
..
..
1
.. .. ..
,
,
..
Gundlakamma
10 Ongole Ongole 03.12.09 1
River
,
,
,
, Vijayawadaand Vijayawada and Nagarjuna
11 . Krishna River , 03.12.09 2
NarAgjuna sagar sagar
Karimnagar and Kar5m Nagar and
12 Godavari River 04.12.09 2
Rajamuridry Rajamundry
13 Sileru River SriKaKulam Srikakulam 05.12.09 1
• Total Number of Samples 15
.~----
SGS India PVt Ltd., Em'ironment Division! Chennai
11
20. Analysis of
. pesti~ide resio~es i~ - riv,!r~ater /sediment samplesfrom India
"., - , ' ,'- , .
'-' "',
6.3.1 General Sample C6liei:ti6!l Techniques
. -. .. , .
.
~ '
River "later and· sediments sampl;'s wetecoll<ideo,at thequart"r point transects
c6rsii:Mring the width~f the rive;. three'di(ie'r~ni,sa;"pling poi~tswere identified as
right bank, left bank and center of
~he river.' Samples were collectedfadng upstream,
.to avoid collecting the recsuspended partiCles Dy wading.
Sterilized containers we,re ~,~d for sample -coHe~t~on_.. -Nitrlt~ g~6ves were used while
sampling to protect the samples from contamination. Care was taken to avoid
collecting a disproportionate quantity of w~ter or suspended sediment at the surface
of the river or stream'. Care wa,s also taken, nbt to disturb the subslrate with the
transfer bottle 6r collect anything from the substrate.
To collect water samples 1 liter ja~s were used in area where water level was less
than or equaLto 1 foot grab (manual): River, samples were taken from locations far
away from the bank as possible and" by submerging sampling bottles about 1 m deep.
In some places, 'however 1 this was not possible due to shallow water levels.
Water Samples were collected and poured into the containers tm top of containers
(leaving no headspace). Sample conta,iners wer~ dosed wi~h the tid immediately on
the spot to avoid contamination from the atmosphere, rain, wind etc. The samples
were labeled immediately. The samples were subsequently placedi" the cooler box
to bring'down the· temperature and to preserve the samples. till they were extracted
and analyzed.
Sampling, details viz., mime of the person, date of sampling, locations, time of
sampling, weather conditfons. at, the time· sampling etc were recorded by the
sampling person.
The water/sediment samples were stbred in ice box during transport «6 h) and were
kept at 4"C in the laboratory «2 d) until SOlid-phase extraction. Sediment samples
were taken 'from river positions where an accumulation of fine-textured substrate was
observed. Samples were taken an'd compos1te samples were pooled from four or five
.ubsamples (0-10 em) of a 10·m' area, homogenized, and wrapp€'d in aluminum foil.
SGS india Pvt Ltd., Environment Division, Chennai
19
22. An~lysls of Restitide residues .in river ""att;rlsediment .samp}esJrom India
. . . ". '. .. .
After·reYlewing,the, n'portit was handed.ovN to the prp)ect l~a<ler for fjrial report
pre'pa'ratidn~
. .
6.7 Safet~
. 0,.
Field work done in. connectlonwl,h collecting water/sediment samples In surface
waters'follow~d the protocols described in the Environmental Assessment Program
. '. . -
. Safety Manual."
7.0 PARTIAL VALIDATION DOCUMENT FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS
7.1.Scope:
'. This ,Is a genl'ral purpose method that provides the procedure for determination of
pestkld"s residues in wa~~;, The method is applicable to a wide range of pesticides
that 'are effectively partitioned from the water sample and sufficiently volatile and
thermally stable for gas chroinatography. The method is used to extract; indentify
a~d qu~ritify the foUo';"lng pes't:iddes. 'A'ldrin,. Dietdrin, 'Endr'jn~ a BHe, 8 BHC, y BHC,
~HC" End~sulfan, Ethion, Chl0'l,yriphos, Phorate, Butachlor, Malathion, o,p DDE, p,p
.DOE, D,p DOD, p, P DDD, Chlordane an~ Methoxychlor.
7,2 PriiJ'iPI~:
Pesticide resiDues are,extract~d with a mixed solvent ( hex'ane I methylene chloride)
'using"separ-ating funneL The .extract is concentrated by evaporation.-The sample
components are separated, identified and rnea~ured by injecting an aliquot of the
concentrated extract. into a high resolution fuseQ sRica capillary column of gas
chromatography - Mass Spectrometry system, Compounds eluting from the GC column
are, identified, by·' comparing th~jr me:asured mass spectra and retention time to
reference spectrum and retention times in a'data base.
Reference spectra- and retention times for analytes are obtained by measurement of
calibration of standards under same conditions used for samples. Concentrations of
each identified component is measured by relating the mass spectra response of the
quantltatlon ions produced by that Compound in the sample to the mass spectra
response of the quantitatibn ions produced by the compound in the standard,
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Enyironment Division, Chennoi
21
23. Analysis (jf pesticide residues ihriver water/sediment samples from India
7.3 GeMS conditions:
Carrjer Gas : Helium.
Inlet Temperature : 250 'C .
Injection volume : 3 ~I
Mode : Split less
Oven Temperature: 80 'C hold for 1 min.
10 ·C/min. to. 250 '(hold for 1 min.
10 'Clmin. to 280 'C hold for 10 min
GC Column : HP 5MS (30m X 0.25 ~ X 0.25 mm).
7.4 Reagents;
1. Methylene chloride
2. Ethyl Acetate
3. Acetone
4. Toluene
5. Sodium Sulphate anhydrous
7.5 Extraction Procedure:
Shake sample weH and accurately measure sampte_ in a one titer graduated cylinder.
Pour the sample into a two liter separating funnel. Ri",e the cylinder with 60ml of
solvent (15% DCM in hexane). Pour the solvent into extraction device. Shake the
separating funneL vigorously for 2 mjnutes. Allow the Layers to separate for at least 10
minutes. Drain the water phase Into sampLe bottle and carefully pour organic phase
through a 2cm OD glass column that contains 8 to 10 mm of anhydrous Na2S04 into a
turbo vial. Pour the sample back Into separating funnel. Rinse sample bottle with
60ml of solvent.
Repeat extraction and pass organic phase through same sodium sulphate. Wash
sodium sulphate with several portions of hexane and drain well. Evaporate to dryness
under nitrogen and reconstitute to 1 ml with ethyl acetate.
Inject 3 ~l of extracted solution into GeMS.
SGS India Pvt Ltd., Environment Divisi01'l, 'henna!
22
24. .
- - .
'Analysis of RestJ~id~ resid~es in riverwat~f I sediment samples from India
. . .."" ,'"
" " '" .' " ..
_., :
7.6 S.tandards;
The primary ~toc~ sta.nqard ~as'ma~e accurate!y'from standard pesticide mixture and
then dilUted to1~ml'gi"'ingas~aijd~rdoi100 ppm. Working standard 1 was made by
. dHuting 1mlb! pr{marystoCksfandard t010rnl with toluene giving.concentration of
10 ppm. Wb;king st<lndardZ w~smade by diluting 1 ml of WS1to 10 mlwith toluene
----' . . , '
giving·,oncentration of1 p~m: Working standard 3 was made by diluting 0.1 ml of WS2
. to 1 ml with tOluene giYingconcentration anOO ppb.
, . ," .
.7.7 Method Valida t;on:
The Method used for analysis was validated as per the EU, Eurochem, AOAC and
[SOllEe 17025:1005 requirement.
7.7.1 Selectivity
SeLectivity of a method refers to the extent to which it can delermine particulate
anatyte(s) in a compLex mixture without interference from other components i,n the
mixture. The term selective refers to a method that provides responses fOT a number
of chemical entities that mayor may not be distinguished from eacn other. If the
response 15 distinguished from all other responses the method is said to be selective.
The analysis was carried out in SIM (Selective Ion Monitoring) mode, three ions were
taken for confirmation. and reiative intensities of the detected ions are compared with
those of matrix matched standards.
7.7.2 Linearity:
Matrix matched 5 point linearity was plotted from 3 ng/ml to 500 nglml as shown in
ANNEXURE 2. for plotting the linearity several one liter portions of water was
extracted and evap9rated in the turbo vials. When the voh.,lmes were tess than 0.5 'ml
pesticide standards were added to the vjals and evaporated to dryness. These were
then reconstituted with 1 ml of ethyl acetate. This helps to equalize any possible
matrix effects in the chromatography or fragmentation between standards and
samples.
SGS India Pvt Ltd.! Environment Qivision, Chenna1
23
25. Analysis of pesticide residues in river wat.erlsediment samples from India
. .
7;7.3 SPII(E.aR.E<:;9VERY:.·
Accuracy is estirnatedfromthe recoverY of spikedanalytes from the matrix of
intere~L Labofi;lto..y: perfon:nance in ~ dtiB1 m~trix is estimated from' the
recoverY of ( R)
%R = C, - Cu Xl00 I C,
where:
CS:>O Measured' concentratj~n'of th~ spiked sa~ple atiqt!ot
Cu= /lieasured c-oncentration' ot th_e unspiKed sample al~quot
Cn : : : The 'nominal cpncentration of the spiked aliquot
beta-Endosul!an 50.12 48.25 51.30 49.83 50.1 100.22
3 ·41.44 43.29 39.44 39.25 4.0.3 80.62
5ulfate
4 : Imidadoprid 48.50 49.20 49.50 49.20 49.00 49.1 98.16
8.0 PROCEDURE OF SAMPLE ANALYSIS:
Sample Extraction:
Water samples were filiered (using glass fiber filter) and subsequently solid
phase extraction column was. conditioned by eluting 5ml each of ethyl
acetate, Methanol and water. After extraction of the water sample the residues
were eluted from the cartridges by n-hexane (8 mL) and ethyl acetate (12 mL).
The eluate was concentrated by turbo wap and it was finally analyzed by Ge
MS.
_SGS.- SGS India Pvt Ltd" Environm~nt Division, Chennai
24
26. ':> ;.
, .'....:,,",' ,.,:.;i,; ·,·h . ,~<::::"<,::;' ":::"i.~: ;':': ,."" . ,:"",'::',~.':_ :,': , ~i:"'f:": ,'·.r'·' ., '" .:.,.,,:';:',:"~', ':',' ",:::'"
'.' . ~~a,(Y~i~~t I's~ticjd!;: '~~~}cjl1es in.riv~r ,:"a1"t(~e€jirnE:~~ ~~.l]Jpll'sJr()r;I1lhd j ~.
".';:' .:~ ".-:{;::',;';f:~, " ',:;"'" ~;"':' ~.< ,,':,f/:,;'~~ ::' :::,~}.":';':;, ..~,~.,::; ': ~" '.,' ' ,',':';,?: :t/;;,.:'<':, :":~' ,:,:,:;.,.: ,:.: -.: ::~_ :':
1 ';':;";':: '; "-'" , , ,'"
.. ' ..>' Se]'lj!ll~ijt'.s:l!J'1pt~~;(aR8rpx'in)~terY;25g d.t~·i4eight}0;i"e extracted wi'th . a
"''':'','' ',', ,- " , ; ' ' , : ' .'" ' , " . " " .• , ,',.':"~,,,';:"'-I-"",', ",.,','":<.",, ,; , , , ' , ' , 1 " .. ,,,
... . . . .~j~tV~<i:~rac~)~Q,e;~~~ll~~<;~;t~~[;~?q;:.%'~~~r:')V'~r. ~~~~s.~i,~r:ip~:.~l1~kl)1~
.". ...fl~#~5>"'~r¢:5~htrjfU~~'<!.a~~~; ~h~n~[Tfl~;¢:i.1if7t,. ~as;}~'i'fi,?¢~~~~e~ . . a~d.·
.iitt<t",d,·· F91~ow)ng.th~r~ri)~~~kR(.{!W"bn«wic· " , " , ' ; ' , " , , ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' l !;a' -.,roPTY
," :"~ ,;:,';'- "~,,,' -"'>',:":",·,;.'>:"~"·"",:,,,,,;,·.,;,,,,,'''' ____ '',,'·r·,', "
sq.lYents.)I1ith ' ' .' ' ,:"
evaporator, tl1e .remainins·':water ph.se '·wa.s ,liquia-iqyjd extracte,d J :
.,__,-. ~'_,'1", c,.,,,',, ",.,1,/ 1>:,·" . . . . < • • ,;'____"",.'< I ' : , , - "
• '._
'wih
<jitHl6'omethime. 1' x):5 m~}" Tne .organic phase Was th~n dried'yYith sodium
'~:::':"',,'-':;"', ,''.",'',,'''!''--'.<,".".-,':,.:.,',,'. """'>"i-""',~.' :,: " ,,' '.:"
. sUlfaJ;e~n(j~topCe)1,rq~!,d~gaih'wih ar~1i'r¥eYiip.or.atlJr,.Afte't~e?a~pl"
.#kij",d·i1a~D¢.l~ .JI~nsf~Yr,~"f:•.!ithe,,cQllnnh:: ",',"",.,'>". .',:----.',:,:' ;Sliil,. ..of
'. .', .,:: ~-::::".-<", "c-, "", ,'~/,•• ,'. ',-" '-' .'.', ,,',_'.,"', :.': ';
"':in~ppr.o~iitWel~O
,~'.",'.'.,"",
t()r(r"h~;}he ~~stki(j~'s.wer~ :~9!,s~c~tively erUt",pH.om t~e: c.owrnh)"ith10 (l1l
ofn,hexan~·an1l10.mL of 'n;h~xai)e-aiethylether 1,1 (vlv). The 'eluate was
cOricetitrai~dwith a,rotar'{ ey~pilat9r~l1dttieO~nalyze9 by GC:MS. Glassware
usellduririgsa(l1ple priicessing;y;a{rinsed With ethy(~cet~ie and baked at 250·C
(>4h)befoieever'{use,
Pestici.d~ t~~idu~s weT~ .qua~tif'i~d. with GC-IS w~ich was ope~~ted in the
set~~ted jon~m9nito'ril')g' mO'de at the,.f6lto'Y'{ing conditions
" "
Carrier Gas : Hei;ur'n
Inlet Temperature : 250 '(
Injection volume : 3 ~l
Mode : Split less
OvenTemperature : 80·t: hold. for 1 min, .
10 ·C/min. to 250 'C hold for 1 min,
10 ·Clmin. to 280 'C hl)ld for 10 min
GC Column : H~·5MS(30mX 0,25 ~ X 0.25 mm).
Quantification and identific~tionQfsubstarices were achieyedby measuring one
target and two additional qualifler ions, ~espectively, per substance, The
calibrati,ori was performed With:' six-pofnt lirlE~ar "functions) with €;ternal'
standards.
Analyte peaks in Sil(l1ple eXtracts were identified by 'retention 'time, presence of
ta'r'g'et 'i;lhd"quaLifier ,ions, a'nd r~'s'pectlve ratiQs of target ~nd qualifier 'i~ns.
25
27. ,:. , '
AnalySis of pesticide residues in river water(sediment samples from India
. .. . ". ' .. " - ','" " " ',' ,',' "":~ "
Duringthe extraction olwaters~inples, bla0kswer~pro<;essed regularl{ Blank
cOnceritrationsweresubtracted fr~.nic~ltG(~t;;cts~h1ple20nceritrati()hsfbr the
respective pestiCides and processing lots; ,;sthey were thought to derive from
¢ondensationof pestitides, . surfac~s9f .
. . '" . , -
on '-_. - giass vessels within the laboratory .
','
9.0 RESULTS OF RIV'ERWATERSAMPlES:
All the collected fiver water samPI", ahd Sediments. were analysed for
pesticide residues 'viz Endosulfan (alpha, beta), Endosulfan Sulphate and
Imidadoprid and the results showed that Uiere were no· detectable
residues. (DL :0.00001 mgtl).
",..c_
-----.V.u~ SGS India Pv: Ltd.) Environment Division, Chenna;
26