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Nevada, Chile
          Multiple Dataset Integration Exercise

Presented at the Workshop on Remote Sensing – Geological
      Society of Nevada Symposium 2010, Reno, NV




      Amer Smailbegovic, Ph.D., CPG.
                     TeraElement Ltd.
                  info@teraelement.com
Introduction
• Drill, baby, drill – not only vote-gathering
  ploy, but main mantra of junior exploration
  companies
• Often require multiple datasets to reach
  decision right there and then “what your
  gut tells you to do”
• You can’t often explain to exploration
  manager what exactly you are doing
• Reaching out towards super-spectrum!
Location Map
 MARICUNGA TREND




•Nevada area is located with 14 major prospects including 3 operating mines on
Maricunga Trend, which is appx. 150 x 30 km
•Comprised of NNE trending chain of andesitic to dacitic volcanoes and hosts series
of epithermal high sulfidation and porphyry-style gold-silver-copper deposits.
Location Map

                                       Later flows




Advanced argillic alteration zones occur in association with porphyry
stockwork systems which intrude Eocene-Oligocene andesitic and
dacitic volcanic rocks
Later flows and cover obscure alteration assemblages
Overview, E




Exeter Caspiche discovery is being drilled, and Exeter keeps adding more
resource numbers almost on daily basis.
Distance is about 4km south of Nevada claims
ASTER FeO




Pervasive with alteration areas but also associated with later stage
volcanic cover (supergene / weathering phenomena)
ASTER Hi-S




More indicative of alteration is alunite-kaolinite mix, suggestive of
Maricunga-type advanced argillic alteration. Note pervasive alteration in
Exeter area, exposed and relatively free of later volcanic cover
ASTER Si




Beginning to cook with some real information– coarse resolution, but it tells
the story where the real action might be. Note silicification justtbeneath
basaltic flows at Nevada – large system covered?
Mag - ASTG




Analytic signal total gradient data reveals some potential targets of interest:
i.e. porphyry targets in alteration zones, but majority of signal dominated by
later stage flows
Induced Pol.




In order to “see” below, another attempt with IP/Res surveys 100 and 200m
spacing across main zones of interest
Induced Pol.




Outline potential intrusive episodes and smaller porphyry targets
IP & Silica




Interesting correlation with silica abundance from ASTER
Moving on




In next sequence we will focus on hyperspectral data provided by SpecTIR
as a proof of concept.
Hyperspectral




2m ProSpecTIR data collected over the area in 2008. Information was
processed using broad-spectrum alteration minerals and then tightened up
accordingly – shown are SAM-generated classes of “tight” endmembers
HSI and Mag




Note alteration minerals in proximity to potential stocks identified on mag.
Particularly interesting is the central cluster.
HSI looking S




Note pervasive silicification and apparent erosional (?) alunite (thanks,
Dave Coulter), also note alteration window beneath basalts.
HSI looking N
Drilling
• Decided to drill in NE segment in
vicinity of large possible intrusive
• Encountered sulfides and traces of
gold
• Additional work planned
•Gold values around 0.6 g/T


                                       LHS: pyrite histogram, maximum = 20%
                                       RHS: magnetic susceptibility, as measured on drill-core
                                       NOTE: all drill-core was measured for magnetic susceptibility

                                                                            Upper Middle Unit

                                                                     Lower Middle Unit


                                                                     Basal Unit
Looking North towards Refugio Mine




                                     Drilling
Independent miner
diggings, in silicified
position, on top of
Nevada
Quartz-alunite
w/ anomalous
Au
Gold panning
Moving on




Noted feature, circular shape with slight topographic relief noted in northern
quadrant of Nevada claims – no road to it at the time, but recently dozed
Bulls-Eye ?




Alteration (from HSI) suggests circular, almost bulls-eye pattern. Field visit
suggest for possibility of small intrusive porphyry (evidence seen in
drainage behind). Textbook mineralization and alteration system?
HSI+ASTER




Silicification partially supports idea of this being potentially mineralized
system, planning on covering area with additional geophysics (as it was
outside of original survey)
Superspectrum?




•What would be the way to integrate and display
information from disparate datasets?
•Google Earth’s mass-appeal. No one knew…
•Can we make “spectral libraries” of mineralization
guides?
•Spatial spectra rather than graph spectra?
•Layercake spectrum?
•Geophysics important element to be used with
remote sensing

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Nevada, Chile

  • 1. Nevada, Chile Multiple Dataset Integration Exercise Presented at the Workshop on Remote Sensing – Geological Society of Nevada Symposium 2010, Reno, NV Amer Smailbegovic, Ph.D., CPG. TeraElement Ltd. info@teraelement.com
  • 2. Introduction • Drill, baby, drill – not only vote-gathering ploy, but main mantra of junior exploration companies • Often require multiple datasets to reach decision right there and then “what your gut tells you to do” • You can’t often explain to exploration manager what exactly you are doing • Reaching out towards super-spectrum!
  • 3. Location Map MARICUNGA TREND •Nevada area is located with 14 major prospects including 3 operating mines on Maricunga Trend, which is appx. 150 x 30 km •Comprised of NNE trending chain of andesitic to dacitic volcanoes and hosts series of epithermal high sulfidation and porphyry-style gold-silver-copper deposits.
  • 4. Location Map Later flows Advanced argillic alteration zones occur in association with porphyry stockwork systems which intrude Eocene-Oligocene andesitic and dacitic volcanic rocks Later flows and cover obscure alteration assemblages
  • 5.
  • 6. Overview, E Exeter Caspiche discovery is being drilled, and Exeter keeps adding more resource numbers almost on daily basis. Distance is about 4km south of Nevada claims
  • 7. ASTER FeO Pervasive with alteration areas but also associated with later stage volcanic cover (supergene / weathering phenomena)
  • 8. ASTER Hi-S More indicative of alteration is alunite-kaolinite mix, suggestive of Maricunga-type advanced argillic alteration. Note pervasive alteration in Exeter area, exposed and relatively free of later volcanic cover
  • 9. ASTER Si Beginning to cook with some real information– coarse resolution, but it tells the story where the real action might be. Note silicification justtbeneath basaltic flows at Nevada – large system covered?
  • 10. Mag - ASTG Analytic signal total gradient data reveals some potential targets of interest: i.e. porphyry targets in alteration zones, but majority of signal dominated by later stage flows
  • 11. Induced Pol. In order to “see” below, another attempt with IP/Res surveys 100 and 200m spacing across main zones of interest
  • 12. Induced Pol. Outline potential intrusive episodes and smaller porphyry targets
  • 13. IP & Silica Interesting correlation with silica abundance from ASTER
  • 14. Moving on In next sequence we will focus on hyperspectral data provided by SpecTIR as a proof of concept.
  • 15. Hyperspectral 2m ProSpecTIR data collected over the area in 2008. Information was processed using broad-spectrum alteration minerals and then tightened up accordingly – shown are SAM-generated classes of “tight” endmembers
  • 16. HSI and Mag Note alteration minerals in proximity to potential stocks identified on mag. Particularly interesting is the central cluster.
  • 17. HSI looking S Note pervasive silicification and apparent erosional (?) alunite (thanks, Dave Coulter), also note alteration window beneath basalts.
  • 19. Drilling • Decided to drill in NE segment in vicinity of large possible intrusive • Encountered sulfides and traces of gold • Additional work planned •Gold values around 0.6 g/T LHS: pyrite histogram, maximum = 20% RHS: magnetic susceptibility, as measured on drill-core NOTE: all drill-core was measured for magnetic susceptibility Upper Middle Unit Lower Middle Unit Basal Unit
  • 20.
  • 21. Looking North towards Refugio Mine Drilling
  • 22. Independent miner diggings, in silicified position, on top of Nevada
  • 25. Moving on Noted feature, circular shape with slight topographic relief noted in northern quadrant of Nevada claims – no road to it at the time, but recently dozed
  • 26. Bulls-Eye ? Alteration (from HSI) suggests circular, almost bulls-eye pattern. Field visit suggest for possibility of small intrusive porphyry (evidence seen in drainage behind). Textbook mineralization and alteration system?
  • 27. HSI+ASTER Silicification partially supports idea of this being potentially mineralized system, planning on covering area with additional geophysics (as it was outside of original survey)
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Superspectrum? •What would be the way to integrate and display information from disparate datasets? •Google Earth’s mass-appeal. No one knew… •Can we make “spectral libraries” of mineralization guides? •Spatial spectra rather than graph spectra? •Layercake spectrum? •Geophysics important element to be used with remote sensing