The document summarizes the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission's regulatory approach to shale gas development in British Columbia. It provides an overview of the province's shale gas basins and production. It describes the Commission's legislative structure and authorities. The Commission takes an innovative, science-based approach focused on area-based analysis, new technologies like NEWT mapping, monitoring, and adaptive management. The future of shale gas in BC will depend on developing LNG export capacity as US demand is expected to decline. The Commission aims to effectively regulate shale gas development to meet energy demands while benefiting citizens.
Overview of the delhi Air Quality forecasting systemurbanemissions
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Royal Commission, Jubail , Environmental regulations 2015-volume Isudeeb kumar
The document outlines the Royal Commission Environmental Regulations-2015 which supersedes the 2010 version. It summarizes the regulations in 8 sections covering air, water, hazardous materials, waste, dredging, noise, reporting and record keeping. The regulations were revised and updated to comprehensively cover all environmental aspects of industrial cities under the Royal Commission's jurisdiction, namely Jubail, Yanbu and Ras Al Khair. Industries in these cities must follow the regulations to protect the environment and public health while enabling industrial growth.
Ambient Air Radon Monitoring Around Mosaic Riverview’S Phosphogypsum Board Pr...seanpmcginnis
Presentation to the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County Board on the initial findings of the air radon monitoring around the phosphogypsum stack located near Tampa, FL
Ambient air radon monitoring around mosaic riverview’s phosphogypsum board pr...seanpmcginnis
The document summarizes ambient air and radon monitoring near a phosphogypsum stack. Dust monitoring from 2003-2007 showed no statistically significant difference in dust concentrations near the stack. Radon monitoring at schools and sites near the stack in 2010 found average radon levels below the EPA action level. Gamma radiation readings were also low, similar to everyday sources like dental x-rays or air travel. The initial radon study did not find any elevated readings at the nearby schools.
This document provides a summary of air quality monitoring and standards from the Environmental Protection Commission. It discusses the EPA's criteria pollutants including ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. It reviews historical ozone standards and compliance in the Tampa area. It also discusses new monitoring requirements for nitrogen dioxide near major roads and plans to implement this monitoring in Hillsborough County.
The document summarizes the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission's regulatory approach to shale gas development in British Columbia. It provides an overview of the province's shale gas basins and production. It describes the Commission's legislative structure and authorities. The Commission takes an innovative, science-based approach focused on area-based analysis, new technologies like NEWT mapping, monitoring, and adaptive management. The future of shale gas in BC will depend on developing LNG export capacity as US demand is expected to decline. The Commission aims to effectively regulate shale gas development to meet energy demands while benefiting citizens.
Overview of the delhi Air Quality forecasting systemurbanemissions
This document summarizes an air quality forecasting system for Delhi, India being developed and demonstrated by researchers from France and India in 2010. The system uses a 3D air pollution modeling approach with four nested grids down to 1km resolution over Delhi. It incorporates emissions data, meteorological forecasts, and monitoring from stationary and LIDAR sensors. The goal is to provide air quality forecasts and disseminate information to agencies and the public in Delhi during the 2010 Commonwealth Games and beyond.
Royal Commission, Jubail , Environmental regulations 2015-volume Isudeeb kumar
The document outlines the Royal Commission Environmental Regulations-2015 which supersedes the 2010 version. It summarizes the regulations in 8 sections covering air, water, hazardous materials, waste, dredging, noise, reporting and record keeping. The regulations were revised and updated to comprehensively cover all environmental aspects of industrial cities under the Royal Commission's jurisdiction, namely Jubail, Yanbu and Ras Al Khair. Industries in these cities must follow the regulations to protect the environment and public health while enabling industrial growth.
Ambient Air Radon Monitoring Around Mosaic Riverview’S Phosphogypsum Board Pr...seanpmcginnis
Presentation to the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County Board on the initial findings of the air radon monitoring around the phosphogypsum stack located near Tampa, FL
Ambient air radon monitoring around mosaic riverview’s phosphogypsum board pr...seanpmcginnis
The document summarizes ambient air and radon monitoring near a phosphogypsum stack. Dust monitoring from 2003-2007 showed no statistically significant difference in dust concentrations near the stack. Radon monitoring at schools and sites near the stack in 2010 found average radon levels below the EPA action level. Gamma radiation readings were also low, similar to everyday sources like dental x-rays or air travel. The initial radon study did not find any elevated readings at the nearby schools.
This document provides a summary of air quality monitoring and standards from the Environmental Protection Commission. It discusses the EPA's criteria pollutants including ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. It reviews historical ozone standards and compliance in the Tampa area. It also discusses new monitoring requirements for nitrogen dioxide near major roads and plans to implement this monitoring in Hillsborough County.
Oracle Fusion CRM provides an effective, efficient, and easy customer relationship management solution. It is built on Oracle's Fusion Middleware platform using best practices from Oracle's acquisitions and infused with modern web technologies. Fusion CRM offers flexible deployment options including public cloud, private cloud, and on-premise along with access from desktop, mobile, and Outlook. It aims to help customers listen better to their own customers, drive higher sales performance, and access CRM data from anywhere.
This document compares Bible verses from the King James Version (KJV) to other versions like the New International Version (NIV) to highlight differences in wording and missing verses. It suggests that some Bible translations may have corrupted or changed the original meaning and questions whether some words have strayed from their inspired meaning. The document uses multiple examples to argue that certain verses have been altered or omitted in some modern translations.
The document summarizes the circulatory system. It discusses that humans have a closed, double circulatory system consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste. Various activities describe the cellular components of blood and their functions, compare the structures and functions of different blood vessels, label the structures of the heart, and explain the flow of blood and pumping action of the heart.
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This report summarizes an ambient air radon monitoring study conducted near a phosphogypsum stack in Riverview, Florida. Radon monitors were placed at 16 locations around the stack, 3 nearby schools, and a control site 4.3 miles away, and measured over two 3-month periods in winter and summer. Radon levels were measured using track etch detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters mounted on poles. Gamma radiation was also measured using a handheld device. The results showed a wider range of radon concentrations in winter than summer, but none exceeded health guidelines. While the data can't precisely determine the stack's contribution to radon levels, further long-term study could help characterize seasonal variations.
Just my hoff cousins and i playing and having fun at new horizon resort in minnesota in summer of 2012.
Song: "Summer of 69" By: Bryan Adem
(Though its not really the summer of 69. Its the summer of 2012)
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This document discusses environmental issues related to electricity demand response in New England. It covers pollutants of concern like ozone and particulate matter. It discusses health impacts and progress made in reducing emissions. Remaining challenges include implementing new ozone and particulate matter standards. Distributed generation is growing but relies heavily on diesel engines, which are high polluters. Regulations need to adapt to changes in electricity generation and encourage cleaner distributed generation.
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This document discusses improvements in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurement technology. It describes weaknesses in the traditional chemiluminescence method, such as indirect NO2 measurement and susceptibility to drift. The document then introduces the T500U analyzer, which measures NO2 directly using cavity attenuated phase shift technology, without conversions or ambient interferences. Maintenance of the T500U is minimal, involving annual filter changes and biennial pump replacement. It offers enhanced specifications compared to previous analyzer models.
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1) The new 1-hour NO2 NAAQS is 188 micrograms per cubic meter (100 parts per billion), assessed as a 3-year average of the 98th percentile of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations. The annual NAAQS is still in place.
2) Air quality modeling to demonstrate compliance must use AERMOD and either 5 years of National Weather Service data or 1 year of on-site data.
3) PSD modeling should compare project emissions to significant impact levels to determine if a multi-source
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The document discusses various methods for measuring organic carbon levels in wastewater, including parameters like TOC, DOC, COD, and BOD. It describes WTW spectral sensors called CarboVis and NiCaVis that can continuously and non-destructively measure COD, TOC, and other parameters by analyzing the full UV-visible light spectrum absorbed by samples. The sensors offer high measurement reliability and simplicity compared to traditional lab methods. Key applications are monitoring organic loads at wastewater treatment plant inlets and outlets.
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This document summarizes a presentation about new EPA standards for ground-level ozone in the western U.S. It discusses the Clean Air Act requirements for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), the current ozone standard of 0.075 ppm, and EPA's proposed revision to lower the standard to between 0.065-0.070 ppm. It notes that background ozone levels in the western U.S. are already at the proposed levels, so the new standard may be unachievable and negatively impact permitting for mining and energy projects. Legal challenges to the new standards are expected over whether EPA adequately considered costs, health impacts, and attainability given background ozone levels.
Oracle Fusion CRM provides an effective, efficient, and easy customer relationship management solution. It is built on Oracle's Fusion Middleware platform using best practices from Oracle's acquisitions and infused with modern web technologies. Fusion CRM offers flexible deployment options including public cloud, private cloud, and on-premise along with access from desktop, mobile, and Outlook. It aims to help customers listen better to their own customers, drive higher sales performance, and access CRM data from anywhere.
This document compares Bible verses from the King James Version (KJV) to other versions like the New International Version (NIV) to highlight differences in wording and missing verses. It suggests that some Bible translations may have corrupted or changed the original meaning and questions whether some words have strayed from their inspired meaning. The document uses multiple examples to argue that certain verses have been altered or omitted in some modern translations.
The document summarizes the circulatory system. It discusses that humans have a closed, double circulatory system consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste. Various activities describe the cellular components of blood and their functions, compare the structures and functions of different blood vessels, label the structures of the heart, and explain the flow of blood and pumping action of the heart.
The document provides a lecture plan for an Organization Development course being taught over 15 lectures in the MMS HR program at Pillai's Institute of Management Studies and Research. The plan lists the dates and topics to be covered in each 3 hour lecture, including introductions to OD, planned change models, diagnosing organizations, collecting diagnostic information, designing interventions, and evaluating and institutionalizing OD interventions. Student assessment includes attendance, tutorials/presentations, class participation, and a final exam, with internal assessment worth 40% and the final assessment worth 60% of the total marks.
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This report summarizes an ambient air radon monitoring study conducted near a phosphogypsum stack in Riverview, Florida. Radon monitors were placed at 16 locations around the stack, 3 nearby schools, and a control site 4.3 miles away, and measured over two 3-month periods in winter and summer. Radon levels were measured using track etch detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters mounted on poles. Gamma radiation was also measured using a handheld device. The results showed a wider range of radon concentrations in winter than summer, but none exceeded health guidelines. While the data can't precisely determine the stack's contribution to radon levels, further long-term study could help characterize seasonal variations.
Just my hoff cousins and i playing and having fun at new horizon resort in minnesota in summer of 2012.
Song: "Summer of 69" By: Bryan Adem
(Though its not really the summer of 69. Its the summer of 2012)
The document discusses memristors, which are electrical components that 'remember' the amount of electric charge that has previously flowed through them. Memristors are expected to have applications in memory storage and neural computing due to their ability to mimic human brain functions like pattern recognition and learning. While prototypes have been developed, memristor technology still needs improvements in defect engineering and design standards before it can be commercially viable.
Design, Permitting and Construction Considerations for Marcellus Shale Gas Co...All4 Inc.
This document discusses key considerations for air quality permitting for Marcellus Shale gas compressor stations in Pennsylvania. It outlines why permitting matters given the emissions sources and profiles. It describes differences in Pennsylvania regulations, including ozone and PM2.5 nonattainment areas. Prevention of significant deterioration requirements and how source definitions can impact permitting are summarized. Federal regulations like NSPS and NESHAP that may apply are briefly mentioned. Intangible factors like reputation and the importance of planning are also highlighted.
This document discusses environmental issues related to electricity demand response in New England. It covers pollutants of concern like ozone and particulate matter. It discusses health impacts and progress made in reducing emissions. Remaining challenges include implementing new ozone and particulate matter standards. Distributed generation is growing but relies heavily on diesel engines, which are high polluters. Regulations need to adapt to changes in electricity generation and encourage cleaner distributed generation.
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This document provides an overview and summary of the implementation process for the new 1-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for sulfur dioxide. It discusses the schedule for state implementation plans, outlines how states will use air quality modeling to determine attainment designations, and provides examples of how facilities may conduct dispersion modeling to demonstrate compliance. The webinar also covers the basics of air quality modeling including emission inventories, meteorological data, terrain, and building downwash inputs. Finally, it demonstrates modeling approaches through a hypothetical example facility and discusses strategies facilities can consider to refine their modeling.
This document discusses improvements in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurement technology. It describes weaknesses in the traditional chemiluminescence method, such as indirect NO2 measurement and susceptibility to drift. The document then introduces the T500U analyzer, which measures NO2 directly using cavity attenuated phase shift technology, without conversions or ambient interferences. Maintenance of the T500U is minimal, involving annual filter changes and biennial pump replacement. It offers enhanced specifications compared to previous analyzer models.
ALL4's Dan Dix presented at the 23rd Virginia Environmental Symposium about 1-Hour SO2 Implementation Modeling. Dan's presentation consisted of a summary of the NAAQS, an update on NAAQS implementation, NAAQS modeling demonstration approach, and a summary of ambient SO2 monitoring.
The document describes the development of a low-power portable laser spectroscopic sensor for atmospheric CO2 monitoring using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, including the design of the sensor which is housed in an enclosure smaller than a shoebox, laboratory tests showing the sensor can accurately detect changing CO2 concentrations from soil and animal respiration, and field tests demonstrating the sensor's ability to measure forest floor respiration across a wireless sensor network.
This document summarizes the new 1-hour nitrogen dioxide (NO2) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and modeling requirements. Key points include:
1) The new 1-hour NO2 NAAQS is 188 micrograms per cubic meter (100 parts per billion), assessed as a 3-year average of the 98th percentile of daily maximum 1-hour concentrations. The annual NAAQS is still in place.
2) Air quality modeling to demonstrate compliance must use AERMOD and either 5 years of National Weather Service data or 1 year of on-site data.
3) PSD modeling should compare project emissions to significant impact levels to determine if a multi-source
Attainment with the New NAAQS and What You Need to Know About Air Dispersion ...All4 Inc.
ALL4's Dan Dix presented at the Pennsylvania Chamber Environmental and Energy Conference & Trade Show about the basics of air dispersion modeling and what facilities can do to determine where they stand with the NAAQS.
Trends in gas distribution pipeline safety management - 2014Vaishali Sangtani
An overview of the infrastructure, practices and regulations for the pipeline safety and integrity management in downstream gas distribution networks in USA.
The document discusses LI-COR's trace gas analyzer platform and its applications. The platform uses optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and can measure methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. It is designed for flexibility in field research. Applications discussed include measuring soil gas fluxes, long-term atmospheric monitoring, urban and mobile emission monitoring, measuring pCO2 in seawater, and profiling gas storage fluxes.
The document discusses various methods for measuring organic carbon levels in wastewater, including parameters like TOC, DOC, COD, and BOD. It describes WTW spectral sensors called CarboVis and NiCaVis that can continuously and non-destructively measure COD, TOC, and other parameters by analyzing the full UV-visible light spectrum absorbed by samples. The sensors offer high measurement reliability and simplicity compared to traditional lab methods. Key applications are monitoring organic loads at wastewater treatment plant inlets and outlets.
The New Era of National Ambient Air Quality StandardsAll4 Inc.
The document discusses the new 1-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The new standards are very stringent, with levels of 188 μg/m3 for nitrogen dioxide and 196 μg/m3 for sulfur dioxide. States will need to develop implementation plans by 2013 using air quality modeling to demonstrate individual facilities will not cause violations. The new standards will significantly impact permitting for major sources and states may request modeling for minor sources as well. Facilities should proactively evaluate compliance to identify potential emission reductions.
This document summarizes a presentation about new EPA standards for ground-level ozone in the western U.S. It discusses the Clean Air Act requirements for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), the current ozone standard of 0.075 ppm, and EPA's proposed revision to lower the standard to between 0.065-0.070 ppm. It notes that background ozone levels in the western U.S. are already at the proposed levels, so the new standard may be unachievable and negatively impact permitting for mining and energy projects. Legal challenges to the new standards are expected over whether EPA adequately considered costs, health impacts, and attainability given background ozone levels.
Impact of New NSPS and NESHAP Regulations on Oil & Gas Industrybishopcj
Cindy Bishop presented on the implications of new air pollution regulations for the oil and gas sector. The new rules under the Clean Air Act will affect emissions from drilling, completions and production operations. Facilities will need to reduce emissions from equipment leaks, pneumatic controllers, compressors and storage vessels. The rules establish performance standards and require control technologies to reduce criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollutants. Companies must comply within 3 years for existing sources and immediately for new sources, or face civil and criminal penalties.
The document summarizes guidance from the EPA and state regulatory agencies on the process of inter-precursor trading (IPT) for ozone precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). IPT allows emissions offsets between NOx and VOCs since both contribute to ozone formation. The guidance outlines tiered screening and modeling approaches to determine area-specific or case-specific IPT ratios. A case study demonstrates how different ratios can result from EPA versus state guidance. Key differences that impact projects are highlighted. Planning ahead and understanding facility profiles and credit sources is advised.
Implications of the New NESHAP/NSPS for the Oil and Gas SectorCindy Bishop
Presented March 27, 2012 to the Dallas Chapter of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Provides a broad overview of the new NESHAP and NSPS for Oil and Gas
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This document summarizes the development and deployment of low-cost sensor networks to monitor urban air quality. It outlines the objective to better understand air pollution in megacities using dense sensor arrays. It then describes current research at MIT using nonparametric regression techniques and particle counter modeling to improve data from low-cost sensors. Finally, it provides examples of sensor networks deployed in Hawaii, Boston, and Delhi to measure pollutants like PM, O3, CO, and VOCs.
The Collaborative Sensor Rotation Programme aims to collaboratively increase air quality monitoring coverage and reduce costs. Initial field trials of low-cost sensors show potential but also limitations. Data from a monitoring site in Glasgow showed low-cost sensors can accurately measure NO and PM2.5, but NO2 measurements require accounting for ozone interference. Future work includes further sensor testing, developing an environmental incident management system, and expanding partnerships.
5. HISTORICAL LOOK AT THE OZONE
STANDARD
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater CBSA
Year Federal Standard
8-Hour Ozone Compliance Value*
(through Oct 12, 2010)
1971 80 ppb over a 1-hour period
0.100
1979
0.090
120 ppb over a 1-hour period
HIL-0081
0.080 HIL-1035
1997 80 ppb over an 8-hour period HIL-1065
HIL-3002
ppm
0.070
PIN-0004
PIN-0018
2008 -12
0.060 75 ppb over an 8-hour period PIN-5002
* Running 3-year average of the annual 4th
highest maximum daily 8-hour concentrations. PAS-0005
Referred to as the "design value".
PAS-2001
0.050
NAAQS
2013 ??? over an 8-hour period
0.040
Environmental Protection Commission
7. Revised sulfur dioxide (SO2) standard
• EPA first set NAAQS for SO2 in 1971, establishing a
primary 24-hour standard at 140 ppb and an annual
SO2
average standard at 30 ppb (to protect public health).
EPA also set a 3-hour average secondary standard at
0.5 ppm (to protect public welfare).
• In 2010, EPA revised the primary SO2 standard by
establishing a new 1-hour standard at a level of 75 ppb.
At that time, EPA also revoked the two existing primary
standards (the 24-hour and annual) because they would
not add additional public health protection.
10. Lead (Pb) health affects
Past major source of lead – gasoline
Current major source of lead – industrial
Lead
processes
There is no known safe level
of lead in the body
Children are most
susceptible to lead exposure
Effects include: poor
memory, anemia, impaired
mental development
11. Expanded Monitoring
• ENVIROFOCUS – battery recycler; center of nonattainment
• Six additional monitors added to monitor lead from two
major lead sources – EnviroFocus Technologies and
Johnson Controls. Pb = Lead
Monitoring
Sites
• EPC received EPA grants to Pb
to pay for the monitors,
manpower, and analysis.
Broadway
Avenue
• >$100M investment in plant
Pb
overhaul Pb
Pb
13. Revised NO2 Standard
• February 9, 2012 – US EPA Revised the Primary Air
Quality Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
• Introduced a 1-hour standard of 100 ppb to protect
the public from short-term exposures
• Current scientific evidence links short-term NO2
exposures, ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours, with
adverse respiratory effects including airway
inflammation in healthy people and increased
respiratory symptoms in people with asthma
14. NO2 Health Effects
• Approximately 16% of U.S housing units are located within 300
ft of a major highway, railroad, or airport (approximately 48
million people)
• NOx react with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to
form small particles. These small particles penetrate deeply into
sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory
disease, such as emphysema and bronchitis, and can aggravate
existing heart disease, leading to increased hospital admissions
and premature death
• Studies also show a connection between short-term exposure and
increased emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses
15. Traffic-Related NO2 Exposure
• NO2 concentrations on or near NO2 Sources
major roads are higher than those
measured by the current
monitoring network
▫ In-vehicle concentrations can be 2-
Utilities
3 times higher than measured at 22%
nearby community-wide monitors
▫ Near-roadway concentrations have
Other
been measured to be 8%
Mobile
approximately 30 to 100% higher Sources
than nearby concentrations 58%
• Short-term NO2 exposures on or
near major roads can be
considerably higher than
measured by the current network EPA: Nationwide figures
16. Hillsborough County
NOx Emissions
250
200
Tons per day
150
1997
100 2008
50
0
Industry Transportation
Source
17. Near-Road Monitoring
Siting Requirements
• At least one monitor in core based
statistical areas (CBSAs) with population
greater than or equal to 500,000
• A second monitor in areas with either:
▫ population ≥ 2.5 million, or
▫ one or more road segments with an annual average daily
traffic count (AADT) ≥ 250,000 vehicles
• Tampa Bay Region Urban area affected
• Begin operations no later than January 1, 2013
• EPA grant funds available for implementation
18. Monitoring Requirements
• 126 NO2 monitors in 102 Urban areas
78 areas would require 1 monitor
(> 500,000 population)
24 areas would require 2 monitors
(> 2.5 million population or road segments with annual average daily traffic counts > 250,000 vehicles)
US EPA OAQPS
19. Site Considerations for Hillsborough
Co. Near-Road Monitoring Stations
• Rank all road segments in a CBSA by AADT count
• Identify monitoring location(s) near highest ranked
segments considering:
Fleet mix
Roadway design
Congestion patterns
Terrain
Meteorology
• Monitor site requirements
Near as practicable to the edge of the nearest traffic lanes
Not more than 50 meters away
21. Chosen Location The chosen road segment is near downtown
and is surrounded by neighborhoods and
schools.
NOx Monitor
~350ft.
22. Current Implementation Status
• Access Agreement with
COT
• EPA Grant Award
• Quality Assurance Plans
• Equipment purchases
• Site preparations and set-
up
• Data reporting, site
operation and
maintenance
23. Hillsborough’s Air Quality Index (AQI)
Summary
AQI Year Number of Days By Health Category
Good Moderate Unhealthy for Unhealthy
(< or = 50) (51-100) Sensitive (151-200)
Groups
(151-200)
2012 (thru Apr) 94 23 4
2011 277 75 13 0
2010 261 97 7 0
2009 305 56 4 0
2008 299 61 5 1
2007 279 80 5 1
AQI Phone: 627-2626
24. Questions & Comments
Sean McGinnis, CHMM
Environmental Protection Commission
Of Hillsborough County
mcginnis@epchc.org
www.epchc.org
Editor's Notes
The Environmental Protection Agency has established standards for the emissions of air pollutants with the goal to better protect public health.Locally, EPC monitors for those pollutants through a network of air monitors strategically located across the county.Of the 6 pollutants you see in front of you we are failing to meet the federal standards for sulfur dioxide, and lead.
Unlike stratospheric ozone, which protects us from the sun’s harmful rays, ground level or bad ozone is created by chemical reactions primarily generated from our vehicle exhaust and industrial sources that react in the presence of heat and sunlight.Ozone is a regional problem, so any efforts to control ozone levels must be done by multiple counties
The regulation of ozone has been around since the 70s. As you can see, the standards have tightened over the years to coincide with the protective levels suggested by the health studies. (click) This graph illustrates an actual decline in monitored ozone levels for the Tampa Bay Area over the past 25 years. The squiggly lines represent actual ozone monitoring data and the red line represent a trend line (based on my estimate).The decline in O3 levels is very noticeable after 2000, when TECO began to their efforts to repower their plant.What this tells us is we are doing things to reduce our ozone formation, but the standards that are set to protect our health are getting tighter.
Good news is all counties in the state are meeting the current standard …The entire nation was gearing up last year for a tougher standard, making plans for potential nonattainment areas, modeling studies and preparing for federal conformity tests, however the standard has remained the same 75 ppbWe expect to have difficulty in the coming years meeting the standard because of increasing travel and ultimately a lower standard
(Click) In 2010, after nearly 40 years, EPA revised the SO2 standardInstead of allowing SO2 levels to be measured over a 24hr and annual period, they require areas meet a 1-hour standard, which again is more protective of human health.
Three counties of the state, including Hillsborough are currently in violation of the new standard.
Our high SO2 levels are the result of the Mosaic fertilizer processing facility.Mosaic burns liquid sulfur in their processes and the SO2 is a byproduct of their operation.I believe we saw 7 exceedances of the standard in the past year.And though Mosaic is working with DEP and the EPA to come up with a solution to reduce the SO2 levels, the state was required to recommend a nonattainment boundary.(Click)This polygon, whose dimensions are based on an air pollution study, represents the impacted area and the recommended nonattainment area.
The other standard we are failing to meet is for lead. (Click)In the past, gasoline was the major source of lead in the atmosphere. But in the late 1970s EPA required that lead be removed from most fuels.there is no safe level of lead exposure and because the most common pathway of exposure is ingestion, children are the most susceptible because of their hand to mouth activities.
Our lead exceedances are the result of the work done at Envirofocus, a battery recycler in east Tampa. And the lead nonattainment area is segregated to a small 1.5km circumference area around the plant.(Click) The new lead rules require us to place additional monitors around the facility and in coordination with EPA and DEP we have already added those monitors.This map is of our current lead monitoring network. The outline in red represents the lead recycler’s facility.(Click)Envirofocus purchased the plant several years ago and is totally enclosing it to turn it into a state-of the art facility.
EPA Reviews NAAQS every 5-yrs Like the new lead and SO2 standards I mentioned earlier, EPA has also revised the NO2 standard with additional monitoring requirementsPromulgated February 2010, the new NO2 standard is designed to be more protective of short-term exposure to NO2. It requires that areas meet a 100ppb 1-hr protection level. We will monitor for NO2 emissions close to major roads beginning early next year.
National statistics, major highways include arterials
And the sources of the pollution of the pollution have changed.15 years ago the majority of the pollution was generated by industrial electric utilities.Now industrial sources (TECO) have been drastically reduced …and the transportation sources are greater
Promulgated February 9, 2010, the new NOx standard requires that we monitor for NOx emissions close to major roads beginning no later than 2013.
EPA funding initial capitol purchases for at least the first near road site
Fleet mix with emphasis on HDDVRoadway Design is elevated, canyons, noise barriers, Meteorology means downwind
I-275 near the Hillsborough River has the highest traffic count in the area.