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By- Dr.Ajaz
Qadir
Myxedema coma isastateof
decompensatedhypothyroidism.
Apersonmayhavelabvaluesidenticaltoa
"normal"hypothyroidstate,butastressfulevent
precipitatesthemyxedemacoma state.
Primarysymptomsofmyxedemacomaare
alteredmental status
lowbodytemperature.
Lowbloodsugar,
lowblooodpressure,
hyponatremia
, hypercapnia,
hypoxia,
slowedheartrate,andhypoventilation m
MyxedemacomawasfirstreportedbyOrdin
1879in London.
Itisararedisorder,withonlyapproximately
300casesdescribedintheliterature
typicallyelderly females
havelongstanding,undiagnosedhypothyroidism
Morethan90%of casesoccurduringwinter
months
A65-year-old womanwithnoknownpastmedical
historyisbroughttotheemergencydepartment
withalteredmentalstatus.On arrival,thepatient
but arousable.
Patient detailes
R.R =15 b/m pH-7.23
paCO2-63.7
paO2-71.2 โ€“R.A
O2 = 92%
Na= 128 mEq/L
Examination
generalizedpuffiness,periorbitaledema,ptosis,
macroglossia,andherextremitiesaredryand
coolwithnonpittingedema.
INVESTIGATION
Thedifferentialdiagnosisofmyxoedemacomawill
includesothercausesofadeteriorationinmental
state:
Hypothermia.
Septic shock.
Psychiatric disorders
Dementia(includingAlzheimer's disease),Depression
Changesinmentalstatesecondarytoothermedical
conditionsanddrugs,Hypoglycaemia(mayco-exist)
Encephalitisandmeningitis,Hepaticencephalopathy
,
Cerebrovascular disease.
Admittointensivecareunitforcontinuous
monitoringof cardiovascularandpulmonary status
Supportivecare
ABC measures
Treathypothermiawithpassive rewarming
Treathyponatremiawithnormalsalineandfree-
waterrestriction
Thyroidhormone treatment
Levothyroxine (T4)
Loadingdose:300to400ฮผgIVthen50to100ฮผg
IV daily
untiloralmedicationcanbegiven
If suboptimalresponseconsiderconcurrent
liothyronine(T3): 5ฮผgIVevery8 hr
Corticosteroid therapy
Firstdrawbaselinecortisollevelandstart
hydrocortisone100mgIV
,followedby50mgIV
every6to8 hr
Follow-upsteroid therapy:

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