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关于高职生 “预就业”若干问题的思考 李兴旺
一、问题的提出
—— 高等教育大众化: ▲ 解决了入口问题 :实现了由精英教育向大众教育的过渡。 ▲ 带来了出口压力 :使教育的增长在短期内远远超过了经济社会对人才需求的增长(供大于求)。 ▲ 就业制度改革 :毕业生就业被全面推向了市场。
— — 人事制度改革 ▽ 党政机关 :以 考核录用 为主,以计划安排为辅。 ▽ 事业单位 :以 计划安排 为主,以考核录用为辅。 ▽ 国有企业 :以 计划安排 为主,以考核录用为辅。 ▽ 私营企业 :以 考核录用 为主。 用人制度改革自身的不完善以及与教育改革不配套,导致了“人才过剩”的虚假表象。
—— 政策导向 —— “ 以服务为宗旨,以就业为导向,走产 学研结合的必由之路”。 —— “ 一把手工程”。 —— 毕业生就业率向社会公布。 —— 评估中就业率的权重加大。 … … 把“就业压力”这样一个社会问题 主要压在学校方面
——“ 预就业”现象 ☆ 含义 :应届学生离开学校到企业(用人单位)顶岗上班,但尚未办理正式录用手续。 ☆ 时间 :规定在毕业前一年的 11 月底( 20 日)以后。实际普遍在毕业前一年的 10 月到下一年 7 月,约 6 ~ 10 个月。 ☆ 特征 :具有身份的双重性(学生、准职工);行为的双重性(教学活动、生产活动 )。
二、“预就业”问题
—— 学校管理方面 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
—— 企业管理方面 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
—— 社会管理方面 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
三、面对现实的几点思考
1 、国家应重视 这样一个现实的社会问题, 研究制定相关政策以规范管理 ◇ 牵头部门 :教育行政主管部门。 ◇ 参与部门 :人事部门、劳动部门、企管 部门、公安部门、… ◇ 政策取向 :维护学生利益;形成规范管理。 ◇ 约束主体 :企业、学校、学生、中介机构等。
2 、学校应正确面对这样一个现实问题,研究制定相应的管理体制和 特殊的运行机制 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 、企业应按“以人为本、同工同酬”的原则,制订内部人事劳资 专门管理办法 ○ 与学校签订协议 :明确各自管理责任。 ○ 与学生签订合同 :明确责权利关系。 ○ 向有关部门报告 :自觉接受管理指导。 ○ 制定内部特殊办法 :确保学生劳资劳  保等福利待遇,以充分调动其积极性。
4 、社会应关注理解这样一个现实问题,共同维护其存在的合理性 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
结  语 “ 预就业”现象是我国经济社会改革发展的必然产物,它既具有较普遍的社会性,又带有高职教育的特殊性。因此,作为一名职业教育工作者,郑重呼吁政府、社会、企业、学校等方面重视、关心、支持高职学生的“预就业”问题,以促进经济社会和高职教育的协调、持续、稳定、健康发展。

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mydchec

  • 3. —— 高等教育大众化: ▲ 解决了入口问题 :实现了由精英教育向大众教育的过渡。 ▲ 带来了出口压力 :使教育的增长在短期内远远超过了经济社会对人才需求的增长(供大于求)。 ▲ 就业制度改革 :毕业生就业被全面推向了市场。
  • 4. — — 人事制度改革 ▽ 党政机关 :以 考核录用 为主,以计划安排为辅。 ▽ 事业单位 :以 计划安排 为主,以考核录用为辅。 ▽ 国有企业 :以 计划安排 为主,以考核录用为辅。 ▽ 私营企业 :以 考核录用 为主。 用人制度改革自身的不完善以及与教育改革不配套,导致了“人才过剩”的虚假表象。
  • 5. —— 政策导向 —— “ 以服务为宗旨,以就业为导向,走产 学研结合的必由之路”。 —— “ 一把手工程”。 —— 毕业生就业率向社会公布。 —— 评估中就业率的权重加大。 … … 把“就业压力”这样一个社会问题 主要压在学校方面
  • 6. ——“ 预就业”现象 ☆ 含义 :应届学生离开学校到企业(用人单位)顶岗上班,但尚未办理正式录用手续。 ☆ 时间 :规定在毕业前一年的 11 月底( 20 日)以后。实际普遍在毕业前一年的 10 月到下一年 7 月,约 6 ~ 10 个月。 ☆ 特征 :具有身份的双重性(学生、准职工);行为的双重性(教学活动、生产活动 )。
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 12. 1 、国家应重视 这样一个现实的社会问题, 研究制定相关政策以规范管理 ◇ 牵头部门 :教育行政主管部门。 ◇ 参与部门 :人事部门、劳动部门、企管 部门、公安部门、… ◇ 政策取向 :维护学生利益;形成规范管理。 ◇ 约束主体 :企业、学校、学生、中介机构等。
  • 13.
  • 14. 3 、企业应按“以人为本、同工同酬”的原则,制订内部人事劳资 专门管理办法 ○ 与学校签订协议 :明确各自管理责任。 ○ 与学生签订合同 :明确责权利关系。 ○ 向有关部门报告 :自觉接受管理指导。 ○ 制定内部特殊办法 :确保学生劳资劳 保等福利待遇,以充分调动其积极性。
  • 15.
  • 16. 结 语 “ 预就业”现象是我国经济社会改革发展的必然产物,它既具有较普遍的社会性,又带有高职教育的特殊性。因此,作为一名职业教育工作者,郑重呼吁政府、社会、企业、学校等方面重视、关心、支持高职学生的“预就业”问题,以促进经济社会和高职教育的协调、持续、稳定、健康发展。