Richard Wagner was a German composer known for his operas that combined music, poetry, and acting. Some of his most famous operas which featured new techniques like leitmotifs include The Ring of the Nibelung, Tristan und Isolde, and Parsifal. He founded the Bayreuth Festival to exclusively perform his works. Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian composer known for his operas including Rigoletto, Il Traviata, Aida, and Otello. He helped establish Italian national identity and unity through his works.

1. Richard Wagner (1813-1883) -Minna -Cosima, Hans von Bülow

2. ♪ Lohengrin, Bridal Chorus

3. The Flying Dutchman Tannhäuser Lohengrin --------- Tristan & Isolde The Ring of Nibelungen Das Rheingold Die Walküre Siegfried Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods) Parsifal

4. ♪ Tristan Und Isolde, Prelude (DWMA 160) -Leitmotif - Gesamtkunstwerk

5. - Bayreuth ♪ Ride of the Walküres, prelude to Act III (from Das Walküre, part of the Ring cycle) -valkyrie

6. Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (1813-1901) -Viva, Verdi! -V ittorio E manuele R e D ' I talia -Giuseppina Strepponi -Piave, Boito

7. Rigoletto - “Questa o quella” - “La donna e mobile”

8. Il travatore La Traviata Sicilian Vespers Simon Boccanegra Un ballo in maschera La forza del destino Aïda Otello Falstaff

9. ♪ Otello, Act II, Scene 2 (DWMA 161)