1) The document describes a marketing research project conducted by students at the Indian Institute of Management on the impact of women's spending and financial independence in India.
2) Surveys were conducted of men and women on topics like financial handling, decision making independence, and purchasing independence.
3) Statistical analysis of the survey results found that while women have some participation in financial decisions, men still handle a significant portion of household finances. Women's financial independence was also correlated with their employment status.
Married men earn significantly more than unmarried men, around 20-40% more according to studies. This paper analyzes whether this "marital premium" differs between the public and private sectors using data on over 40,000 men. The results show a 20.6% marital premium overall but the premium is smaller, 10.6% less, for married men working in government compared to the private sector. The authors conclude that while marital status benefits men's earnings, the effect is less pronounced in government work.
In an effort to better understand the behaviors, attitudes and cash flow challenges experienced by small businesses and self-employed professionals around the world, Intuit QuickBooks released the “The State of Small Business Cash Flow” Report.
Experts surveyed agree that income volatility has increased in recent decades and will likely continue to increase. They view irregular work hours, part-time work, and low-wage work as the largest drivers of increased volatility. While enhanced labor market regulations are seen as the most promising government intervention, experts say it would also be the hardest to achieve. Employers making schedules more predictable is viewed as the most promising employer intervention.
Effect of Gender Equality on Economic GrowthAashay Verma
This was a Project we took in our Econometrics course with Prof. Hemanshu Kumar in the Spring 2018 Semester. Using Regression with STATA, we attempted to establish a causal relationship between gender equality and economic growth.
Basic income and women in an established gender-equal welfare state: Results ...BEYOND4.0
Olli Kangas & Minna Ylikännö
Debates on gendered effects of universal basic income (UBI) bifurcate into two opposing views. On one hand, UBI is seen as a strong incentive for women to stay at home and be permanently locked in their care responsibilities. On the other hand, UBI is seen as a device to increase women’s autonomy, fortify their capacity to act, and guarantee them individual income and income security. Put differently, UBI would either cement the traditional division of labour between genders and trap women at home, or it would be an empowering option for women. This type of discussion is relevant in countries with significant gender inequalities. In Finland, as in other Nordic countries, gender equality in both labour markets and families is better achieved than in most other countries. From this perspective, it is difficult to establish that the implementation of basic income would have a major impact on the position of women in these established gender-equal societies. In this study, we use survey data compiled in the context of the Finnish basic income experiment (2017–2018) to analyse the effects of basic income on employment and empowerment, with the focus on its gender effects. Our results indicate that while UBI did not affect employment in the two-year experiment and, it was positively associated with individual capacities and confidence in various aspects of life. However, the effects were universal and they did not differ between women and men. UBI is not a gender equality-related issue in the Nordic welfare states.
The survey of 1,500 Austrian executives found optimism about the economic outlook but deep dissatisfaction with economic policy. While over 46% felt positive about the future, only 13% thought politicians improved the situation and over 34% felt policies had negative effects. Executives criticized the failure to reform taxes and reduce high labor costs. Despite this, over 90% expected neutral or positive economic development, reflecting confidence in business to drive the economy. The survey also found increasing stress levels among executives and a high willingness to change jobs.
Dokumen tersebut membahas delapan jenis kecerdasan menurut teori Howard Gardner, yaitu kecerdasan bahasa, logika matematika, visual-spasial, musik, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinestetik, dan naturalis. Diberikan pula ciri-ciri setiap jenis kecerdasan tersebut.
Balfour Beatty Rail offers ultrasonic axle testing services for railway vehicles worldwide to ensure safety. They provide fully trained and certified technicians using mobile equipment to test axles at client depots or other locations. Their ultrasonic axle testing is part of a total package of non-destructive testing, inspection, and rail engineering services to improve safety and efficiency for rail operators.
Married men earn significantly more than unmarried men, around 20-40% more according to studies. This paper analyzes whether this "marital premium" differs between the public and private sectors using data on over 40,000 men. The results show a 20.6% marital premium overall but the premium is smaller, 10.6% less, for married men working in government compared to the private sector. The authors conclude that while marital status benefits men's earnings, the effect is less pronounced in government work.
In an effort to better understand the behaviors, attitudes and cash flow challenges experienced by small businesses and self-employed professionals around the world, Intuit QuickBooks released the “The State of Small Business Cash Flow” Report.
Experts surveyed agree that income volatility has increased in recent decades and will likely continue to increase. They view irregular work hours, part-time work, and low-wage work as the largest drivers of increased volatility. While enhanced labor market regulations are seen as the most promising government intervention, experts say it would also be the hardest to achieve. Employers making schedules more predictable is viewed as the most promising employer intervention.
Effect of Gender Equality on Economic GrowthAashay Verma
This was a Project we took in our Econometrics course with Prof. Hemanshu Kumar in the Spring 2018 Semester. Using Regression with STATA, we attempted to establish a causal relationship between gender equality and economic growth.
Basic income and women in an established gender-equal welfare state: Results ...BEYOND4.0
Olli Kangas & Minna Ylikännö
Debates on gendered effects of universal basic income (UBI) bifurcate into two opposing views. On one hand, UBI is seen as a strong incentive for women to stay at home and be permanently locked in their care responsibilities. On the other hand, UBI is seen as a device to increase women’s autonomy, fortify their capacity to act, and guarantee them individual income and income security. Put differently, UBI would either cement the traditional division of labour between genders and trap women at home, or it would be an empowering option for women. This type of discussion is relevant in countries with significant gender inequalities. In Finland, as in other Nordic countries, gender equality in both labour markets and families is better achieved than in most other countries. From this perspective, it is difficult to establish that the implementation of basic income would have a major impact on the position of women in these established gender-equal societies. In this study, we use survey data compiled in the context of the Finnish basic income experiment (2017–2018) to analyse the effects of basic income on employment and empowerment, with the focus on its gender effects. Our results indicate that while UBI did not affect employment in the two-year experiment and, it was positively associated with individual capacities and confidence in various aspects of life. However, the effects were universal and they did not differ between women and men. UBI is not a gender equality-related issue in the Nordic welfare states.
The survey of 1,500 Austrian executives found optimism about the economic outlook but deep dissatisfaction with economic policy. While over 46% felt positive about the future, only 13% thought politicians improved the situation and over 34% felt policies had negative effects. Executives criticized the failure to reform taxes and reduce high labor costs. Despite this, over 90% expected neutral or positive economic development, reflecting confidence in business to drive the economy. The survey also found increasing stress levels among executives and a high willingness to change jobs.
Dokumen tersebut membahas delapan jenis kecerdasan menurut teori Howard Gardner, yaitu kecerdasan bahasa, logika matematika, visual-spasial, musik, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinestetik, dan naturalis. Diberikan pula ciri-ciri setiap jenis kecerdasan tersebut.
Balfour Beatty Rail offers ultrasonic axle testing services for railway vehicles worldwide to ensure safety. They provide fully trained and certified technicians using mobile equipment to test axles at client depots or other locations. Their ultrasonic axle testing is part of a total package of non-destructive testing, inspection, and rail engineering services to improve safety and efficiency for rail operators.
Overview of institutional gender audit reportCGIAR
This presentation was given by Lemlem Abebe (EIAR), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
The document presents findings from a study on motivational factors. A questionnaire was distributed to 50 people ranging from ages 18 to 37. The questionnaire asked respondents to rate the importance of various factors in motivating them on a scale of 1 to 5. The factors included money, family, friends, social status, working conditions, and others. The observations found that over half of respondents rated money as very motivating, while two-thirds said family was most motivating. Relationships were rated as less important compared to other factors. The document analyzed response data through charts and concluded certain demographic trends among respondents.
Market Research Opinion on Unemployment in IndiaPushpak Elleedu
The document discusses unemployment in India based on a survey conducted through questionnaires. Some key findings from the survey are:
- Participants felt that India has a moderately high level of unemployment.
- The education system and lack of self-motivation were seen as contributing factors.
- Creating more job opportunities through self-employment and investments from abroad were viewed as effective ways to reduce unemployment.
- Population growth and improving education standards were also cited as important to control unemployment in India.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of poor physical health on self-management and social skills among female sex workers in Mumbai, India. The study found that the sex workers generally had low levels of self-management and social skills. Most were between 25-35 years old and had low levels of education. The majority earned less than Rs. 600 per day. Statistical tests found significant relationships between age/education and choosing this work, and between daily wages and hours worked. Overall, the study suggests poor physical health is associated with weaker self-management and social skills among this group.
Lifestyles and spending habits results presentation 2013Scott Owens
- Over 250 panellists completed an online survey about their financial attitudes, lifestyles and spending habits.
- Almost 6 in 10 respondents were satisfied with how things were going in their life, with career, family and health being key drivers of satisfaction. Less than a fifth felt their career or financial situation had exceeded expectations.
- Financial security was the greatest hope for the future, followed by travel and home ownership. Only a third felt optimistic about the future.
A STUDY ON PROBLEMS FACED BY MARRIED NON-WORKING WOMEN WHILE TAKING DECISIONS...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the problems faced by married non-working women in making decisions regarding household affairs. It aims to understand the difficulties faced, coping strategies adopted, and ways to overcome issues. The study found that non-working women have low participation in decision making. Common problems included emotions, financial constraints, differences of opinion, time/situation pressures, and ego. Coping strategies like staying calm, visiting temples, sharing with elders, crying, going out, sleeping, and talking to neighbors were used. The conclusion suggests empowering women with equal status and decision making power in families for their well-being and effective management of household responsibilities.
A quantitative analysis of components contributing each individual's happiness across 155 countries. The datasets were extracted from Kaggle and added some other elements to help this study more accurate. R and Tableau were used to support data analysis and visualization.
A Comparative Study on Gender Issues related to Working Women of Private Sect...Shweta Dubey
This document summarizes a study comparing gender issues faced by working women in the private and public sectors in Bilaspur City, India. The study involved surveying 200 women (100 from private sector and 100 from public sector) through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings from statistical analysis include:
1) Women in the public sector reported feeling more comfortable working with male employees compared to women in the private sector.
2) There was no significant difference between sectors in women's perceptions of being harassed by male bosses/colleagues.
3) Significant differences between sectors were found for factors like perceptions of promotion opportunities, benefits received, and salary increments for male versus female employees.
Now in its fourth year, Deloitte’s Women @ Work report examines some of the critical workplace and societal factors that have a profound impact on women’s careers. Representing the views
of 5,000 women from organizations across 10 countries, the report seeks to understand the lived experiences of women at work—and the ways in which aspects of their lives outside work can
impact these experiences. Past reports were dominated by the negative impacts of the pandemic and the resulting challenges as we emerged from it. This year’s report continues to explore
these issues, while also delving deeper into women’s experiences with their health, safety, rights, and household responsibilities.
Now in its fourth year, Deloitte’s Women @ Work report examines some of the critical workplace and societal factors that have a profound impact on women’s careers. Representing the views
of 5,000 women from organizations across 10 countries, the report seeks to understand the lived experiences of women at work—and the ways in which aspects of their lives outside work can
impact these experiences. Past reports were dominated by the negative impacts of the pandemic and the resulting challenges as we emerged from it. This year’s report continues to explore
these issues, while also delving deeper into women’s experiences with their health, safety, rights, and household responsibilities.
the social determinants of mental illnessGreg Fell
This document discusses addressing the social determinants of mental illness and flipping the approach to mental health on its head. It makes four key points: (1) Most factors influencing mental well-being are outside the traditional health system; (2) Upstream social and economic factors matter more than downstream interventions; (3) All the proposed determinants are complex systems that interact; and (4) The default is to focus on symptoms over addressing root causes. It argues for a holistic, multi-sector approach to mental health that tackles issues like debt, employment, housing, and education.
Sonja Tanaka
LAUNCH EVENT
Tracking and promoting progress on gender equality: Emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities from the 2022 Global Food 50/50 Report
2022 Borlaug Dialogue Side Event
Co-organized by Global Health 50/50, IFPRI, and UN Women
OCT 18, 2022 - 8:00 TO 9:30AM EDT
In India, unorganized sector play major role in our Indiana economic and large amount of population works in this sector. More than 90 percent of the workforce and about 50 percent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. This sector also encompasses the treasure of traditional indigenous knowledge.
It caters to the wide ranging economic requirements of the society. The economic contribution of unorganized sector can be discussed in terms of employment in unorganized sector, contribution to GDP and Gross Value Added and supplying various goods and services for the society.
Unlike the organized sector, even this sector has not received the benefits or organization. Many of them are victims of invisibility. The difficulty starts with identifying the unorganized sector. This report is an attempt to identify the role of the unorganized sector in the Indian economy with special reference to economic contribution and employment.
This presentation by Nancy Hey, Director of the What Works Centre for Wellbeing provides:
• An introduction to the mission of the Centre
• What wellbeing is, how it’s defined and measured and why it matters
• Explains the link between wellbeing, a fairer society and making the economic case for prevention
• Describes key factors that influence wellbeing building on the UK’s world-leading science
• Shows how wellbeing can be a powerful tool for public health and as a public health outcome in its own right
- A survey of 800 registered voters found widespread pessimism about the direction of the country and economy, with 61% rating the national economy negatively, and over 6 in 10 saying the gap between wealthy and other Americans is wider than ever and a problem.
- After a neutral introduction, over 6 in 10 voters said private equity buyouts are bad for the economy. Voters were concerned that buyouts prioritize executive profits over worker benefits and wages.
- There was strong support among voters for reforms to restore balance to buyouts, including honoring worker commitments, equal tax treatment, and increased disclosure requirements.
The document summarizes the key findings of a global research study conducted by Accenture on International Women's Day to gain insight into behaviors and attitudes regarding women's careers. Some of the main findings include:
- More than two-thirds of female and male professionals believe they can "have it all" in terms of a successful career and family/personal life. However, 50% also said they cannot have it all at the same time.
- Work-life balance is the top factor in defining career success, ahead of money, recognition and autonomy. Over half of respondents turned down a job due to concerns about work-life balance.
- While technology enables more flexible schedules, it also blurs the
Applying impact evaluation tools for integrating agricultural sectors in Nati...UNDP Climate
1. Impact evaluations assess how interventions affect outcomes, both intended and unintended. They aim to determine causal relationships between the intervention and outcomes, rather than just correlations.
2. For agriculture adaptation projects, impact evaluations using experimental and quasi-experimental techniques can estimate the impact of specific adaptation options. This helps policymakers rationally choose among options.
3. Impact evaluations must be prospectively designed to understand if an adaptation option achieves its intended impacts, addressing the evaluation aspect of monitoring and evaluation for adaptation projects.
Overview of institutional gender audit reportCGIAR
This presentation was given by Lemlem Abebe (EIAR), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
The document presents findings from a study on motivational factors. A questionnaire was distributed to 50 people ranging from ages 18 to 37. The questionnaire asked respondents to rate the importance of various factors in motivating them on a scale of 1 to 5. The factors included money, family, friends, social status, working conditions, and others. The observations found that over half of respondents rated money as very motivating, while two-thirds said family was most motivating. Relationships were rated as less important compared to other factors. The document analyzed response data through charts and concluded certain demographic trends among respondents.
Market Research Opinion on Unemployment in IndiaPushpak Elleedu
The document discusses unemployment in India based on a survey conducted through questionnaires. Some key findings from the survey are:
- Participants felt that India has a moderately high level of unemployment.
- The education system and lack of self-motivation were seen as contributing factors.
- Creating more job opportunities through self-employment and investments from abroad were viewed as effective ways to reduce unemployment.
- Population growth and improving education standards were also cited as important to control unemployment in India.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of poor physical health on self-management and social skills among female sex workers in Mumbai, India. The study found that the sex workers generally had low levels of self-management and social skills. Most were between 25-35 years old and had low levels of education. The majority earned less than Rs. 600 per day. Statistical tests found significant relationships between age/education and choosing this work, and between daily wages and hours worked. Overall, the study suggests poor physical health is associated with weaker self-management and social skills among this group.
Lifestyles and spending habits results presentation 2013Scott Owens
- Over 250 panellists completed an online survey about their financial attitudes, lifestyles and spending habits.
- Almost 6 in 10 respondents were satisfied with how things were going in their life, with career, family and health being key drivers of satisfaction. Less than a fifth felt their career or financial situation had exceeded expectations.
- Financial security was the greatest hope for the future, followed by travel and home ownership. Only a third felt optimistic about the future.
A STUDY ON PROBLEMS FACED BY MARRIED NON-WORKING WOMEN WHILE TAKING DECISIONS...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the problems faced by married non-working women in making decisions regarding household affairs. It aims to understand the difficulties faced, coping strategies adopted, and ways to overcome issues. The study found that non-working women have low participation in decision making. Common problems included emotions, financial constraints, differences of opinion, time/situation pressures, and ego. Coping strategies like staying calm, visiting temples, sharing with elders, crying, going out, sleeping, and talking to neighbors were used. The conclusion suggests empowering women with equal status and decision making power in families for their well-being and effective management of household responsibilities.
A quantitative analysis of components contributing each individual's happiness across 155 countries. The datasets were extracted from Kaggle and added some other elements to help this study more accurate. R and Tableau were used to support data analysis and visualization.
A Comparative Study on Gender Issues related to Working Women of Private Sect...Shweta Dubey
This document summarizes a study comparing gender issues faced by working women in the private and public sectors in Bilaspur City, India. The study involved surveying 200 women (100 from private sector and 100 from public sector) through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings from statistical analysis include:
1) Women in the public sector reported feeling more comfortable working with male employees compared to women in the private sector.
2) There was no significant difference between sectors in women's perceptions of being harassed by male bosses/colleagues.
3) Significant differences between sectors were found for factors like perceptions of promotion opportunities, benefits received, and salary increments for male versus female employees.
Now in its fourth year, Deloitte’s Women @ Work report examines some of the critical workplace and societal factors that have a profound impact on women’s careers. Representing the views
of 5,000 women from organizations across 10 countries, the report seeks to understand the lived experiences of women at work—and the ways in which aspects of their lives outside work can
impact these experiences. Past reports were dominated by the negative impacts of the pandemic and the resulting challenges as we emerged from it. This year’s report continues to explore
these issues, while also delving deeper into women’s experiences with their health, safety, rights, and household responsibilities.
Now in its fourth year, Deloitte’s Women @ Work report examines some of the critical workplace and societal factors that have a profound impact on women’s careers. Representing the views
of 5,000 women from organizations across 10 countries, the report seeks to understand the lived experiences of women at work—and the ways in which aspects of their lives outside work can
impact these experiences. Past reports were dominated by the negative impacts of the pandemic and the resulting challenges as we emerged from it. This year’s report continues to explore
these issues, while also delving deeper into women’s experiences with their health, safety, rights, and household responsibilities.
the social determinants of mental illnessGreg Fell
This document discusses addressing the social determinants of mental illness and flipping the approach to mental health on its head. It makes four key points: (1) Most factors influencing mental well-being are outside the traditional health system; (2) Upstream social and economic factors matter more than downstream interventions; (3) All the proposed determinants are complex systems that interact; and (4) The default is to focus on symptoms over addressing root causes. It argues for a holistic, multi-sector approach to mental health that tackles issues like debt, employment, housing, and education.
Sonja Tanaka
LAUNCH EVENT
Tracking and promoting progress on gender equality: Emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities from the 2022 Global Food 50/50 Report
2022 Borlaug Dialogue Side Event
Co-organized by Global Health 50/50, IFPRI, and UN Women
OCT 18, 2022 - 8:00 TO 9:30AM EDT
In India, unorganized sector play major role in our Indiana economic and large amount of population works in this sector. More than 90 percent of the workforce and about 50 percent of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy. This sector also encompasses the treasure of traditional indigenous knowledge.
It caters to the wide ranging economic requirements of the society. The economic contribution of unorganized sector can be discussed in terms of employment in unorganized sector, contribution to GDP and Gross Value Added and supplying various goods and services for the society.
Unlike the organized sector, even this sector has not received the benefits or organization. Many of them are victims of invisibility. The difficulty starts with identifying the unorganized sector. This report is an attempt to identify the role of the unorganized sector in the Indian economy with special reference to economic contribution and employment.
This presentation by Nancy Hey, Director of the What Works Centre for Wellbeing provides:
• An introduction to the mission of the Centre
• What wellbeing is, how it’s defined and measured and why it matters
• Explains the link between wellbeing, a fairer society and making the economic case for prevention
• Describes key factors that influence wellbeing building on the UK’s world-leading science
• Shows how wellbeing can be a powerful tool for public health and as a public health outcome in its own right
- A survey of 800 registered voters found widespread pessimism about the direction of the country and economy, with 61% rating the national economy negatively, and over 6 in 10 saying the gap between wealthy and other Americans is wider than ever and a problem.
- After a neutral introduction, over 6 in 10 voters said private equity buyouts are bad for the economy. Voters were concerned that buyouts prioritize executive profits over worker benefits and wages.
- There was strong support among voters for reforms to restore balance to buyouts, including honoring worker commitments, equal tax treatment, and increased disclosure requirements.
The document summarizes the key findings of a global research study conducted by Accenture on International Women's Day to gain insight into behaviors and attitudes regarding women's careers. Some of the main findings include:
- More than two-thirds of female and male professionals believe they can "have it all" in terms of a successful career and family/personal life. However, 50% also said they cannot have it all at the same time.
- Work-life balance is the top factor in defining career success, ahead of money, recognition and autonomy. Over half of respondents turned down a job due to concerns about work-life balance.
- While technology enables more flexible schedules, it also blurs the
Applying impact evaluation tools for integrating agricultural sectors in Nati...UNDP Climate
1. Impact evaluations assess how interventions affect outcomes, both intended and unintended. They aim to determine causal relationships between the intervention and outcomes, rather than just correlations.
2. For agriculture adaptation projects, impact evaluations using experimental and quasi-experimental techniques can estimate the impact of specific adaptation options. This helps policymakers rationally choose among options.
3. Impact evaluations must be prospectively designed to understand if an adaptation option achieves its intended impacts, addressing the evaluation aspect of monitoring and evaluation for adaptation projects.
Applying impact evaluation tools for integrating agricultural sectors in Nati...
MR_Proress_Report_30_Sep_2013_V4
1. 1 | P a g e
Indian Institute of Management
Kozhikode
Marketing Research Project on
The Women Economy
Submitted by following members of EPGP-05 (2013-2014 Batch)
Daniel Suresh - EPGP-05-170
Brijul. P - EPGP-05-109
Karthick R - EPGP-05-122
Submitted to
Prof. Joshy Joseph
Submitted on
30 - September - 2013
2. 2 | P a g e
Introduction:
The objective of this project is to determine the impact of Women Economy in India. Here the
Women/Female economy means that the level of influence that women have on the house hold
purchases/expenses that affects/effects certain element of the market or economy. In a broad perspective
woman (who become financially independent/dependent) are categorized in the following way:
Marital Status
Employment Status
Married Un-married
Employed Employed-Married Employed-Un married
Un-Employed Un-employed-Married Un employed-Un Married
In the 21st century, more women have started working and they have become independent financially and
socially. Though, it is not very evident in the society that the level of independence women may have, it
appears that women are playing key part in the financial aspect of decision making even though still they
don’t have much independence in choosing their partners etc. There are various household elements that
either women consume or use in their day to day life. Few of the key house hold spending that are very
prevalent is
Household (common for the family):
Home Furnishing
Vacation Planning
House Purchase
Financial Planning [Investments, Insurance etc]
Automobiles
Food
Consumer Electronics (T.V, Fridge, Blender, Grinder, Washing machine, Microwave and Water
heater)
Kid School
Household (Personal):
Education
Fitness
Health
Focus Area
There are many areas that the investigation/research can span through, but this research team focused
only on the following types of the independence that is of more interest;
1) Financial Independence
2) Decision Independence
3) Purchasing Independence
The questions were formed based on the above elements and totally there were about 27 questions including
the demographic questions.
3. 3 | P a g e
Research Methodology
The primary mode of analysis is based on the data that is planned to be collected from the surveys from the
women and men. There are 2 elements that this research will be covering;
1) Women giving input survey based on what they experience in their real life.
2) Men giving input based on their (or their mother and/or women siblings) independence in the
decision making based on their observations/experience.
The input was collected from the questionnaire which was published in the web. The web tool that was used
for this survey was “Kwik Surveys” and the URL being the following:
http://kwiksurveys.com/s.asp?sid=zk3jfm2qvb1tvwy215799
The following are the Question set that was used in the Survey.
Women_Economy_Qu
estionaire.docx
Also this survey was published through few Social website and statistics for the same is as follows:
4. 4 | P a g e
Analysis methods
The collected data was consolidated, coded and scored to do the following test.
Chi-Square test (Level of Significance will be 0.05)
o Testing Goodness
o Testing Equality of Several Proportions.
o Homogeneity Test.
o Testing Independence.
Percentage calculations
Degree of freedom
Null-Hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Visual inspection
Statistical Analysis
A thorough Chi-Square test was conducted using SPSS tool and find the results attached in the following
document.
Chi-square-data-v2.d
oc
5. 5 | P a g e
Detailed Analysis
The following section details the various element of this research, section by section. The hypothesis that the
research team wanted to prove here is that Women have more power and say in the economy though that is
not very evident to the outside world.
Demographic:
Sex: Out of 88 respondents, 29% are women and 71% are men.
Age: The predominant participants are from age group 25-34 and 35-44.
Marital Status:
In the collected data population 23% are unmarried, 75.58% are married and one who is separated from the
spouse. So from the data perspective, this is a good data for the analysis as more than 75 % of the
population.
Financial Independence
When it comes for the financial independence the following elements were collected.
1) Level of independence
2) Agreement with spouse or dependent when it comes for spending.
3) Level of savings.
4) Level of intendance with house holds purchase.
Financial Handing @ home
Analysis:
Less than 2% women handle the money completely.
Less than 15% women handle partially.
5-10% of the some handle either very less or they don’t handle at all.
A key point to note here is the significant portion of the financials is totally handled by men, where
women handle only partially.
0
10
20
30
Completely I don't handle at all! Partially Very less portion
Female
Male
6. 6 | P a g e
Relationship between the Financial Handing vs. Employment
Relations between Employed vs. Financial Independence
Row Labels Completely I don't handle at all! Partially Very less portion
Grand
Total
Female 1 2 15 7 25
A homemaker 2 1 1 4
Employed-Salaried 1 13 6 20
Out of work and
looking for work 1 1
Male 28 1 27 5 61
A student 1 1
Employed-Salaried 27 1 26 3 57
Self-employed 1 1 2
Un-employed 1 1
Grand Total 29 3 42 12 86
Analysis:
1) The men who are employed have more say in the overall spending. Looking at the data, ~47% of the
men has complete control over the spending and like ~53% of the men having partial control.
2) When it comes for employed women, 65% of them have partial control and 30% very less portion
and less than 5% completely handles the financials.
3) An interesting point to note here is, no home maker has complete control over the financial handling.
4) 6% of the men handle very less portion of the financials
Relationship between the % spending with the vs. Sex
% Spending Female Male
75% - 100% 8.00% 18.03%
Less than 25% 36.00% 31.15%
Less than 50% 32.00% 42.62%
Less than 75% 20.00% 8.20%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ahomemaker
Employed-Salaried
Outofworkand
lookingforwork
Astudent
Employed-Salaried
Self-employed
Un-employed
Female Male
Completely
I don't handle at all!
Partially
Very less portion
7. 7 | P a g e
Analysis:
1) Only 8% of the women spend 100% of the entire spending and a man is more in this category.
2) Looking at the data male has more control over when it comes for the spending.
3) The interesting point to note here is there is a good normal distribution in the men’s spending in all
the slaps and women more or less distributed.
4) If we look at the following table only the employed salaried men and women have a normal
distribution on the spending on the spending slaps.
Financials Independence - Conclusion
The null hypothesis is “Women don’t have Financial Independence”. The statistical analysis based on the
relent survey data indicates that following.
Men handle the significant portion of the Financials.
Salaried women have some say in the financials, but data predicts that non-working women don’t
have any say in the financial element. So there is a correlations between the women employment
and the financial independence
More than 50% of the men and women share the salary with their spouse and women more in this
category especially married ones.
Row Labels Partially I do! What!!! Are you mad? Yes, I do! Grand Total
Female 17 3 5 25
Male 31 27 3 61
Grand Total 48 30 8 86
The final conclusion from this analysis predicts that women have equal participation in the financial decision
making, but they may have greater independence so we are accepting the NULL hypothesis. The reason in
know well known that what is another subject for another research. The following are the Analysis results
(Chi-Test) in for SPSS tool with the related data for one Analysis. For reviewing all the analysis please refer the
“Analysis methods” section in a word document.
0
50
100
1 2 3 4 5 6
Series1
8. 8 | P a g e
Decision Independence
When it comes for the decision independence the following elements were analyzed. How well women feel
the level independence when it comes for…
1) Products for personal and household use.
2) Confidence in the decisions
3) Who is the best decision makers
4) Authority in the decision making.
Knowledge on the products (which helps in a decision):
Row Labels Agree Disagree Neutral
Strongly
Agree
Strongly
Disagree
Grand
Total
Female 14 6 5 25
A homemaker 3 1 4
Employed-Salaried 11 5 4 20
Out of work and looking for work 1 1
Male 30 4 16 10 1 61
A student 1 1
Employed-Salaried 28 4 14 10 1 57
Self-employed 2 2
Un-employed 1 1
Grand Total 44 4 22 15 1 86
Analysis:
1) Women feel that the need to consult with their spouse because they have enough knowledge.
2) Also 50% of the men feel that they need to consult with their spouse before buying some household
things.
3) Nearly 22% of the men and women are neutral about consulting the spouse for any technical details.
4) Overall when it comes for the product knowledge sharing before buy the products, there is no
discrimination and men and women take equal part in the knowledge sharing before buying the
products.
Who is the better decision maker?
Female Male Grand Total
Agree 4 19 23
Disagree 2 16 18
Neutral 18 23 41
Strongly Agree 1 1 2
Strongly Disagree 2 2
Grand Total 25 61 86
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Analysis:
This analysis brought in lot of interesting point about women by women in the decision making.
1) More than 75% women feel that they feel Neutral about the confidence they have in the decision
making and only 20% confident about their decisions.
2) But in an irony at-least the Men feel that Women make better decision at least 30% of the
population.
3) Around 17% of the men population feels that women don’t make better decisions.
4) So the conclusion on this analysis is women are not good decision makers (NULL HYPOTHESIS).
Purchase Independence
Purchasing independence means the following and this section will cover these elements in details with the
Statistical analysis reports.
1) Are the women able to buy when they wanted to buy?
2) Are they knowledgeable enough to buy the product? How confident are they in making the decision?
3) The Level of independence they feel when they make their own decision and buy the product
Technical Knowledge about the product:
Gaining Knowledge before buying the product
Row Labels Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Grand Total
Female 14 2 4 5 25
A homemaker 2 1 1 4
Employed-Salaried 13 3 4 20
Out of work and looking for work 1 1
Male 30 1 7 23 61
A student 1 1
Employed-Salaried 28 1 6 22 57
Self-employed 2 2
Un-employed 1 1
Grand Total 44 3 11 28 86
0
5
10
15
20
25
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly
Agree
Strongly
Disagree
Female
Male
10. 10 | P a g e
The following report describe how well women feel about making the decision and what is the relation
between their statuses on the earnings
How product good will impact the decision?
Row Labels Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Grand Total
A homemaker 2 1 1 4
A student 1 1
Employed-Salaried 44 3 14 15 76
Out of work and looking for work 1 1
Self-employed 1 1 2
Un-employed 1 1
Grand Total 47 3 17 18 86
The following report details about how good women feel about making their own decision.
Feel Good Factor
Row Labels Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree
Strongly
Disagree
Grand
Total
Female 9 3 7 6 25
A homemaker 2 1 1 4
Employed-Salaried 7 2 5 6 20
Out of work and looking for work 1 1
Male 27 9 9 13 3 61
A student 1 1
Employed-Salaried 25 9 8 13 2 57
Self-employed 2 2
Un-employed 1 1
Grand Total 36 12 16 19 3 86
Analysis:
1) Most of the Men and women (more than 80%) feel that they technically understand the product
before they buy.
2) Knowledge is one of the key part of decision making most of the women feel they get enough
knowledge before decide to buy any products.
3) If the product or Brand is good, the decision making is easy for the women as well convince the
spouse for the purchase. More than 75% of the population feels that the Brand is important for their
decision making.
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Conclusion:
This is the case where the NULL hypothesis is accepted “Women don’t have financial Independence nor
make any impact to the economy”. At the surface level though it appears that women make lot of impact
on the economy, purchasing decision, independence, but eventually the data suggest that that is not the
case. The conclusion was made after analyzing the data generated by SPSS tool on the Chi-Square test as
well as the Visual inspection. Few key interesting points that came out of this analysis was,
1) When it comes for the decision making, both men and women depend on some one.
2) Purchasing decision is decided by the knowledge that they develop and enquiry that they make on
the product.
3) Women don’t feel confident about their own decision making.
4) Through the data, it appears that, employed women have more confidence, but they make decision
after with the consensus from their spouse.