This presentation looks into the financial market of China covering instruments traded, participants in three segments viz Money market, Capital market and Derivative Market.
This presentation looks into the financial market of China covering instruments traded, participants in three segments viz Money market, Capital market and Derivative Market.
In India, commercial banks are the oldest, largest and fastest growing financial intermediaries. They have been playing a very important role in the process of development. In 1949 RBI was nationalized followed by nationalization of Impearl Bank of India (New State Bank Of India) in 1995.
Financial sector is treated as to be the back bone of the economy. The quality in the working of financial sector truly impacts the profitability of the banks which as a whole impacts the economy and GDP of a country. Thus, it is important to explore the impact of reforms on the profitability of Indian banks. The paper focuses on the impact of reforms on profitability of Indian banks. This research will evolve the performance of financial institutions only after 1998 and in the wake of Narsimham Committee II.
The study is micro economic in nature and seeks to analyze the productivity of banking systems. Here an attempt has been made to examine the impact of reforms. The impact of reforms on the profitability of Indian banks has been examined on the basis of following parameters: Interest income to total assets, Operating Profit to Total Asset, Return on Asset and Return on Advances. More importantly such analysis is useful in enabling policymaker to identify the success or failure of policy initiative or alternatively highlight different strategies undertaken by banking firms which contribute to their success. Here an attempt has been made to examine the impact of banking reforms on profitability of Indian banking industry.
GROWTH PHASE IN INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
In over five decades since dependence, banking system in India has passed through five distinct phase, viz.
(1) Evolutionary Phase (prior to 1950)
(2) Foundation phase (1950-1968)
(3) Expansion phase (1968-1984)
(4) Consolidation phase (1984-1990)
(5) Reformatory phase (since 1990)
A centralized market for buying and selling stocks where the price is determined through supply-demand mechanism.
Stock exchange belong to โSecondary Marketโ in which securities are already issued by companies are subsequently traded among investors.
NBFC - Non Banking Financial Company/ Non Banking Financial Corporation are companies registered under the Companies Act, 1956
Engaged in the business of
- loans and advances
-acquisition of shares
-stocks
-bonds
-debentures
-securities
but does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity, purchase or sale of any goods (other than securities) or providing any services and sale/purchase/construction of immovable property
An investment banking is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations and governments in raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the clientโs agent in the issuance of securities or both
Our incredible financial advisory covers a wide range of trading interests:
Intraday stock picks for active stock traders in SGX Singapore
Positional stock picks for investors in SGX Singapore.
CFD trading signals to trade thousands of financial products.
Malaysian Intraday stock picks to make intra-day profits from KLSE market.
Malaysian Mid-Term Stock Picks to get max profits in short span of time
Malaysian Positional Stock Picks to gain profits in positional service.
Shariah Compliant Investment to trade in Shariah stocks .
FKLI Index Signals to trade in index.
Forex HNI pack to get higher profit margin with less risk ratio.
FGLD trading Signal to trade gold Bursa Malaysia derivative.
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COMEX for commodity traders and investors in Gold, Silver, Crude Oil, etc
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Banks and NBFCs: Types of Banks & NBFCs: Central Bank, Nationalized & Co Operative Banks, Regional Rural
Banks, Scheduled Banks, Private Banks & Foreign Banks, Mudra Bank, Small Finance Banks, Specialized Banks, NBFCs.
Types of Banking: Wholesale and Retail Banking, Investment Banking, Corporate Banking, Private Banking, Development
Banking.
In India, commercial banks are the oldest, largest and fastest growing financial intermediaries. They have been playing a very important role in the process of development. In 1949 RBI was nationalized followed by nationalization of Impearl Bank of India (New State Bank Of India) in 1995.
Financial sector is treated as to be the back bone of the economy. The quality in the working of financial sector truly impacts the profitability of the banks which as a whole impacts the economy and GDP of a country. Thus, it is important to explore the impact of reforms on the profitability of Indian banks. The paper focuses on the impact of reforms on profitability of Indian banks. This research will evolve the performance of financial institutions only after 1998 and in the wake of Narsimham Committee II.
The study is micro economic in nature and seeks to analyze the productivity of banking systems. Here an attempt has been made to examine the impact of reforms. The impact of reforms on the profitability of Indian banks has been examined on the basis of following parameters: Interest income to total assets, Operating Profit to Total Asset, Return on Asset and Return on Advances. More importantly such analysis is useful in enabling policymaker to identify the success or failure of policy initiative or alternatively highlight different strategies undertaken by banking firms which contribute to their success. Here an attempt has been made to examine the impact of banking reforms on profitability of Indian banking industry.
GROWTH PHASE IN INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
In over five decades since dependence, banking system in India has passed through five distinct phase, viz.
(1) Evolutionary Phase (prior to 1950)
(2) Foundation phase (1950-1968)
(3) Expansion phase (1968-1984)
(4) Consolidation phase (1984-1990)
(5) Reformatory phase (since 1990)
A centralized market for buying and selling stocks where the price is determined through supply-demand mechanism.
Stock exchange belong to โSecondary Marketโ in which securities are already issued by companies are subsequently traded among investors.
NBFC - Non Banking Financial Company/ Non Banking Financial Corporation are companies registered under the Companies Act, 1956
Engaged in the business of
- loans and advances
-acquisition of shares
-stocks
-bonds
-debentures
-securities
but does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity, purchase or sale of any goods (other than securities) or providing any services and sale/purchase/construction of immovable property
An investment banking is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations and governments in raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the clientโs agent in the issuance of securities or both
Our incredible financial advisory covers a wide range of trading interests:
Intraday stock picks for active stock traders in SGX Singapore
Positional stock picks for investors in SGX Singapore.
CFD trading signals to trade thousands of financial products.
Malaysian Intraday stock picks to make intra-day profits from KLSE market.
Malaysian Mid-Term Stock Picks to get max profits in short span of time
Malaysian Positional Stock Picks to gain profits in positional service.
Shariah Compliant Investment to trade in Shariah stocks .
FKLI Index Signals to trade in index.
Forex HNI pack to get higher profit margin with less risk ratio.
FGLD trading Signal to trade gold Bursa Malaysia derivative.
FCPO Trading Signal to trade in Crude Palm Oil Contract.
COMEX for commodity traders and investors in Gold, Silver, Crude Oil, etc
FOREX for currencies traders and investors with top currency pairs.
Our advanced technical research and expertise is an additional asset for your pro
Banks and NBFCs: Types of Banks & NBFCs: Central Bank, Nationalized & Co Operative Banks, Regional Rural
Banks, Scheduled Banks, Private Banks & Foreign Banks, Mudra Bank, Small Finance Banks, Specialized Banks, NBFCs.
Types of Banking: Wholesale and Retail Banking, Investment Banking, Corporate Banking, Private Banking, Development
Banking.
Money market pdf that will help you understand further its definition, importance, classification, structure and examples. There are a lot of examples here and it is for everyone that needs to know about money market.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throughย Full Sail University. Below, youโll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
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2. Money Market in India
๏
๏ The Money market in India is the money market for
short-term and long-term funds with maturity ranging
from overnight to one year in India including financial
instruments that are deemed to be close substitutes of
money.
๏ Similar to developed economies the Indian money
market is diversified and has evolved through many
stages, from the conventional platform of treasury bills
and call money to commercial paper, certificates of
deposit, repos, forward rate agreements and most
recently interest rate swaps
3. Money market in India
๏
๏ The Indian money market consists of diverse submarkets, each dealing in a particular type of shortterm credit. The money market fulfills the borrowing
and investment requirements of providers and users
of short-term funds, and balances the demand for
and supply of short-term funds by providing an
equilibrium mechanism. It also serves as a focal
point for the central bank's intervention in the
market.
5. Overview
๏
๏ Chinaโs money market lagged in its development
prior to the mid-1990s compared with the other
segments of the financial system, especially the stock
market.
๏ Drastic Changes towards the ends of the last century
๏ The major money markets such as interbank lending
and borrowing, spot and bond repo, commercial
paper, and discount and rediscount, have developed
by leaps and bounds since the beginning of 1997.
6. The total combined volume of transactions of these markets reached 5,864
billion Yuan by the end of 2000, growing by 73 percent in the
short span of four years
๏
7. Overview
๏
๏ First, the interbank spot and repo trading
leapfrogged every year for those four years.
๏ The circulation of commercial paper and the scale of
bill discount and rediscount were also expanded
drastically in 2000
๏ Against this background of growth, it is natural that
the ratio of trading on the money market to GDP, an
index for measuring the development of money
market in an economy, rises rapidly
8. Structure of the Money
Market
๏
๏ There was a sharp drop in the proportion of
interbank lending and borrowing and the big rise in
the trading of the bond market (especially repo) and
trading of paper and discount.
๏ In Chinaโs money market, the interbank market was
the earliest to appear as a result of mainly nongovernmental forces.
๏ As early as 1981, โundergroundโ lending and
borrowing for overcoming a lack of funds appeared
in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, both of which boasted the
most developed township and village enterprises
9. Structure of the Money
Market
๏
๏ In 1985, the Peopleโs Bank of China officially allowed
lending and borrowing among specialized banks as a
major part of financial reform.
๏ Lending and borrowing activities reached its peak in
1995, when the volume of trading reached 1,000
billion Yuan, doubling the amount of the previous
year.
๏ Such a situation on the interbank market, of
course, aroused discontent from the monetary
authorities and consequently led to three major
overhauls of the market from the end of the 1980s
10. Structure of the Money
Market
๏
๏ A nationally unified interbank market was not officially
established until January 3, 1996, which was officially
subject to tight regulation by the monetary authorities
๏ it was from that time on, that the interbank market began
to scale down and the size has not exceeded that of 1995
until today
๏ On the other hand, the interbank bond market, especially
the interbank treasury bond repo market, has developed
rapidly, presenting a sharp contrast to the flagging
interbank lending and borrowing market
11. Structure of the Money
Market
๏
๏ Chinaโs bond market has been dominated by repo.
๏ The trading volume of repo has been maintained at
around 80 percent.
๏ At the same time, Chinaโs bond market is relatively
segmented. Up to the present, the national interbank
bond market and the bond market of the Shenzhen
and Shanghai stock exchanges are still operating side
by side
12. Structure of the Money
Market
๏
๏ The commercial paper market in China dates back to the
beginning of the 1980s, when some economically developed
areas began to explore the possibility of discount of commercial
paper.
๏ In 2000, the total trading volume of commercial paper, discount
and rediscount topped 1,000 billion Yuan, accounting for 25
percent of the entire trading volume of the money market
๏ while the total trading volume has been increasing, the
proportion of discount and rediscount has gradually increased.
๏ The commercial paper market has added such functions as
providing loans (discount) as working capital and the basis for
the open market operations rediscount by the central bank.
13. Tentative Provisions
๏
๏ The China Securities Regulatory Commission
(CSRC), and the Peopleโs Bank of China (PBOC)
jointly released the long awaited โTentative
Provisionsโ in 2004
๏ Itโs the first legal recognition of the seven quasimoney market funds that currently operate in
Chinaโs Capital markets
๏ It also presents an outline for future legal framework
for the Money Market Funds (MMFs)
14. Tentative Provisions
๏
๏ As per the โTPโ, an MMF is a fund that only invests
in money market instruments. It is included in the
category of securities investment funds and its legal
framework falls within the framework of securities
investment funds.
๏ MMFs can invest in money market instruments
including cash, bank term deposits or large-amount
certificates of deposit, bonds, bond repurchases,
central bank notes and other money market
instruments with good liquidity that are permitted
by the CSRC and the PBOC
15. Tentative Provisions
๏
๏ There is an emphasis on Safe and Standard Operation.
๏ There are strict limitations on the percentage of various
money market instruments invested by MMFs
๏ Given the low risk in money market instruments, the
interest rate fluctuations may be the only big threat.
๏ MMFโs transactions and settlement in the national
interbank market shall comply with the PBOCโs rules for
interbank transactions and be supervised and examined
periodically by the PBOC.
16. In 2013
๏
๏ the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate or Shibor
increased to 13.44 percent, exceeding even the highs
posted during the financial crisis in 2008 and setting
a new record high for the decade.
๏ Since late May, China's interbank lending market
began to show signs of tightness and the pressure
has gradually been rising since then
๏ By June 20, the tightening in the market reached a
tipping point which traders have started referring to
as the "June 20 massacre"
17. In 2013
๏
๏ Over the recent period, some banks have been over
optimistic about their cash flows, and they didn't
consider a series of facts that would affect the
liquidity of the market in June. Therefore, without
effective responses, and lack of the help from
primary dealers like large banks, the price of funds
in the money market fluctuated widely.
๏ Overnight and 7-day lending rates reached 10-year
highs, surpassing the levels registered during the
height of the financial crisis in 2008.
18. In 2013
๏
๏ The financial markets have become more complex
and for a long time now the financial institutions
involved are not restricted to a few state-owned
banks. The Central Bank also doesn't have any
experience in stabilizing the inter-bank market or in
ensuring that banks meet their repayment
obligations. It's never had to face this kind of
challenge before.
19. In 2013
๏
๏ Most of the newly issued loans have indeed just been
churned around. The increase in funds has all gone
to interbank lending, the banks are playing amongst
themselves with money. This bout of tightness in the
money markets and the Central Bank's decision not
to release more funds is a warning to banks, that
banks should direct funds into the real economy.
๏ This echoes recent statements from China's State
Council and the head of the CBRC on the need to
ensure that funds are directed towards the real
economy.
Editor's Notes
As the central bank was the main player, it is obvious that open market operations, the liberalized means of regulation, rose rapidly in its position in the arsenal of Chinaโs monetary policy