molality = (11258.5)1 = 1.914 m Percent mass =.pdf
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molality = (112/58.5)/1 = 1.914 m Percent mass = 112/(112+ 1000) x100 = 10.07 % Solution molality = (112/58.5)/1 = 1.914 m Percent mass = 112/(112+ 1000) x100 = 10.07 %.
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a. The alleles are as followsaa - AlbinismAa AA - Normal pigm.pdf
a. The alleles are as follows:
aa - Albinism
Aa / AA - Normal pigmentation
rr - Red hair
Rr / RR - Brown hair
b. The albino parent is homozygous recessive for hair color as her both parents had red hair. So
her genotype for hair color is \"rr\".
c. As the brown haired parent had one red haired parent, so he is heterozygous for hair color. So
his genotype for hair color is \"Rr\".
Since he had a child having albinism which is a recessive trait, this means he is heterozygous for
skin pigmentation too. So his genotype regarding skin pigmentation is \"Aa\".
d. The genotype of first child with respect to hair color is: \"Rr\" and with respect to skin
pigmentation is: \"Aa\".
Solution
a. The alleles are as follows:
aa - Albinism
Aa / AA - Normal pigmentation
rr - Red hair
Rr / RR - Brown hair
b. The albino parent is homozygous recessive for hair color as her both parents had red hair. So
her genotype for hair color is \"rr\".
c. As the brown haired parent had one red haired parent, so he is heterozygous for hair color. So
his genotype for hair color is \"Rr\".
Since he had a child having albinism which is a recessive trait, this means he is heterozygous for
skin pigmentation too. So his genotype regarding skin pigmentation is \"Aa\".
d. The genotype of first child with respect to hair color is: \"Rr\" and with respect to skin
pigmentation is: \"Aa\"..
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is wh.pdf
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is what we review those senses
and come to a conclusion based on our review.
50) Usually, sodium, calcium, and potassium ions are transported across membranes against a
concentration gradient. The transport of water immediately after the sodium ion transport is to
balance the volume upon ion transport. The Oral dehydration therapy involves administration of
water along with salt and sugar. The aim is to supply the body with required water that was lost
by dehydration and salts helps increase the uptake of water molecules in the blood, based on the
above said principle. That is when an excess amount of salt is available, a concentration gradient
is created which initiates ion transport across the membrane and water is also transferred along
with the salt to maintain the volume deficit.
Solution
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is what we review those senses
and come to a conclusion based on our review.
50) Usually, sodium, calcium, and potassium ions are transported across membranes against a
concentration gradient. The transport of water immediately after the sodium ion transport is to
balance the volume upon ion transport. The Oral dehydration therapy involves administration of
water along with salt and sugar. The aim is to supply the body with required water that was lost
by dehydration and salts helps increase the uptake of water molecules in the blood, based on the
above said principle. That is when an excess amount of salt is available, a concentration gradient
is created which initiates ion transport across the membrane and water is also transferred along
with the salt to maintain the volume deficit..
1. INTRODUCTIONWe are currently living in the so-called informatio.pdf
1. INTRODUCTION
We are currently living in the so-called information age which can be described as an era were
economic activities are mainly information based (an age of informationalization). This is due to
the development and use of technology. The main characteristics of this era can be summarized
as a rise in the number of knowledge workers, a world that has become more open - in the sense
of communication (global village/Gutenberg galaxy) and internationalization (trans-border flow
of data).
This paradigm shift brings new ethical and juridical problems which are mainly related to issues
such as the right of access to information, the right of privacy which is threatened by the
emphasis on the free flow of information, and the protection of the economic interest of the
owners of intellectual property.
In this paper the ethical questions related to the right to privacy of the individual which is
threatened by the use of technology will be discussed. Specific attention will be given to the
challenges these ethical problems pose to the information professional. A number of practical
guidelines, based on ethical norms will be laid down.
2. ETHICS
The ethical actions of a person can be described in general terms as those actions which are
performed within the criterium of what is regarded as good. It relates thus to the question of what
is good or bad in terms of human actions. According to Spinello (1995, p. 14) the purpose
of ethics is to help us behave honorably and attain those basic goods that make us more fully
human.
3. THE CONCEPT OF PRIVACY
3.1. Definition of Privacy
Privacy can be defined as an individual condition of life characterized by exclusion from
publicity (Neetling et al., 1996, p. 36). The concept follows from the right to be left alone (Stair,
1992, p. 635; Shank, 1986, p. 12)1 . Shank (1986, p. 13) states that such a perception of privacy
set the course for passing of privacy laws in the United States for the ninety years that followed.
As such privacy could be regarded as a natural right which provides the foundation for the legal
right. The right to privacy is therefore protected under private law.
The legal right to privacy is constitutionally protected in most democratic societies. This
constitutional right is expressed in a variety of legislative forms. Examples include the Privacy
Act (1974) in the USA, the proposed Open Democracy Act in South Africa (1996) and the Data
Protection Act in England. During 1994 Australia also accepted a Privacy Charter containing 18
privacy principles which describe the right of a citizen concerning personal privacy as effected
by handling of information by the state (Collier, 1994, p. 44-45). The Organization for Economic
and Coordination and Development (OECD) also accepted in 1980 the Guidelines for the
Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flow of Personal Data (Collier, 1994, p. 41).
Privacy is an important right because it is a necessary condition for other rights such as freedo.
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into t.pdf
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into the atmosphere, causing an
increase in the oxygen in the atmosphere and allowing for the development of aerobes.
3. Type of fermentation. Salmonella are methyl red positive, VP negative, positive for H2S
production, negative for gelatin liquefaction, whereas Serratia is methyl red negative, VP
positive, negative for H2S production, and positive for gelatin liquefaction.
4. Mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms that require nutrient supplementation in the medium.
They require fetal or now born calf serum, heart infusion, salts, glucose and/or arginine. Their
growth rate is slow. Since they lack a cell wall, they cannot take up typical Gram stain. Also,,
their extremely small size makes it difficult to visualize them.
Solution
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into the atmosphere, causing an
increase in the oxygen in the atmosphere and allowing for the development of aerobes.
3. Type of fermentation. Salmonella are methyl red positive, VP negative, positive for H2S
production, negative for gelatin liquefaction, whereas Serratia is methyl red negative, VP
positive, negative for H2S production, and positive for gelatin liquefaction.
4. Mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms that require nutrient supplementation in the medium.
They require fetal or now born calf serum, heart infusion, salts, glucose and/or arginine. Their
growth rate is slow. Since they lack a cell wall, they cannot take up typical Gram stain. Also,,
their extremely small size makes it difficult to visualize them..
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-bin.pdf
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-binding region in the
extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region that contains the
protein tyrosine kinase (TK) domain plus additional carboxy (C-) terminal and juxtamembrane
regulatory regions. In general, growth factor binding activates RTKs by inducing receptor
dimerization, (Ullrich, 1990). Further, extracellular matrix proteins and certain surface proteins
on neighboring cells can also bind to and activate RTKs. The down stream effect is:molecules
direct cell differentiation by determining patterns of gene transcription.
2.The dominant negative receptor mutants which atlow concentrations, are capable of blocking
the intracellular activity of wild type e.g estrogen receptor (ER) mutants as reported by(Ince,
1993). Such mutants are useful in studying the pathway of signal transduction after receptor
activation.
3. Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of
activity. Hence by allostery the components of the signal transduction pathway may be inhibited
or activated depending on the status of the cell i.e. regulated
Solution
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-binding region in the
extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region that contains the
protein tyrosine kinase (TK) domain plus additional carboxy (C-) terminal and juxtamembrane
regulatory regions. In general, growth factor binding activates RTKs by inducing receptor
dimerization, (Ullrich, 1990). Further, extracellular matrix proteins and certain surface proteins
on neighboring cells can also bind to and activate RTKs. The down stream effect is:molecules
direct cell differentiation by determining patterns of gene transcription.
2.The dominant negative receptor mutants which atlow concentrations, are capable of blocking
the intracellular activity of wild type e.g estrogen receptor (ER) mutants as reported by(Ince,
1993). Such mutants are useful in studying the pathway of signal transduction after receptor
activation.
3. Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of
activity. Hence by allostery the components of the signal transduction pathway may be inhibited
or activated depending on the status of the cell i.e. regulated.
1)we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. .pdf
1)
we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. So it is protonic.
2)
a) Light from when the Universe became transparent very soon after the Big bang.
3)
The cosmological principle limits the faintness of distant objects.
4)
These group elementys are made by adding oxygen nuclei which is the third most commen
element in the universe.
Solution
1)
we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. So it is protonic.
2)
a) Light from when the Universe became transparent very soon after the Big bang.
3)
The cosmological principle limits the faintness of distant objects.
4)
These group elementys are made by adding oxygen nuclei which is the third most commen
element in the universe..
1)D. Bacteria.2)B. Nuclear envelope3)A. Similar in function and .pdf
1)D. Bacteria.
2)B. Nuclear envelope
3)A. Similar in function and evolved independently.
4)B. Prezygotic isolating mechanism.
Solution
1)D. Bacteria.
2)B. Nuclear envelope
3)A. Similar in function and evolved independently.
4)B. Prezygotic isolating mechanism..
Recommended
a. The alleles are as followsaa - AlbinismAa AA - Normal pigm.pdf
a. The alleles are as follows:
aa - Albinism
Aa / AA - Normal pigmentation
rr - Red hair
Rr / RR - Brown hair
b. The albino parent is homozygous recessive for hair color as her both parents had red hair. So
her genotype for hair color is \"rr\".
c. As the brown haired parent had one red haired parent, so he is heterozygous for hair color. So
his genotype for hair color is \"Rr\".
Since he had a child having albinism which is a recessive trait, this means he is heterozygous for
skin pigmentation too. So his genotype regarding skin pigmentation is \"Aa\".
d. The genotype of first child with respect to hair color is: \"Rr\" and with respect to skin
pigmentation is: \"Aa\".
Solution
a. The alleles are as follows:
aa - Albinism
Aa / AA - Normal pigmentation
rr - Red hair
Rr / RR - Brown hair
b. The albino parent is homozygous recessive for hair color as her both parents had red hair. So
her genotype for hair color is \"rr\".
c. As the brown haired parent had one red haired parent, so he is heterozygous for hair color. So
his genotype for hair color is \"Rr\".
Since he had a child having albinism which is a recessive trait, this means he is heterozygous for
skin pigmentation too. So his genotype regarding skin pigmentation is \"Aa\".
d. The genotype of first child with respect to hair color is: \"Rr\" and with respect to skin
pigmentation is: \"Aa\"..
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is wh.pdf
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is what we review those senses
and come to a conclusion based on our review.
50) Usually, sodium, calcium, and potassium ions are transported across membranes against a
concentration gradient. The transport of water immediately after the sodium ion transport is to
balance the volume upon ion transport. The Oral dehydration therapy involves administration of
water along with salt and sugar. The aim is to supply the body with required water that was lost
by dehydration and salts helps increase the uptake of water molecules in the blood, based on the
above said principle. That is when an excess amount of salt is available, a concentration gradient
is created which initiates ion transport across the membrane and water is also transferred along
with the salt to maintain the volume deficit.
Solution
49) sensation is what we receive through senses and perception is what we review those senses
and come to a conclusion based on our review.
50) Usually, sodium, calcium, and potassium ions are transported across membranes against a
concentration gradient. The transport of water immediately after the sodium ion transport is to
balance the volume upon ion transport. The Oral dehydration therapy involves administration of
water along with salt and sugar. The aim is to supply the body with required water that was lost
by dehydration and salts helps increase the uptake of water molecules in the blood, based on the
above said principle. That is when an excess amount of salt is available, a concentration gradient
is created which initiates ion transport across the membrane and water is also transferred along
with the salt to maintain the volume deficit..
1. INTRODUCTIONWe are currently living in the so-called informatio.pdf
1. INTRODUCTION
We are currently living in the so-called information age which can be described as an era were
economic activities are mainly information based (an age of informationalization). This is due to
the development and use of technology. The main characteristics of this era can be summarized
as a rise in the number of knowledge workers, a world that has become more open - in the sense
of communication (global village/Gutenberg galaxy) and internationalization (trans-border flow
of data).
This paradigm shift brings new ethical and juridical problems which are mainly related to issues
such as the right of access to information, the right of privacy which is threatened by the
emphasis on the free flow of information, and the protection of the economic interest of the
owners of intellectual property.
In this paper the ethical questions related to the right to privacy of the individual which is
threatened by the use of technology will be discussed. Specific attention will be given to the
challenges these ethical problems pose to the information professional. A number of practical
guidelines, based on ethical norms will be laid down.
2. ETHICS
The ethical actions of a person can be described in general terms as those actions which are
performed within the criterium of what is regarded as good. It relates thus to the question of what
is good or bad in terms of human actions. According to Spinello (1995, p. 14) the purpose
of ethics is to help us behave honorably and attain those basic goods that make us more fully
human.
3. THE CONCEPT OF PRIVACY
3.1. Definition of Privacy
Privacy can be defined as an individual condition of life characterized by exclusion from
publicity (Neetling et al., 1996, p. 36). The concept follows from the right to be left alone (Stair,
1992, p. 635; Shank, 1986, p. 12)1 . Shank (1986, p. 13) states that such a perception of privacy
set the course for passing of privacy laws in the United States for the ninety years that followed.
As such privacy could be regarded as a natural right which provides the foundation for the legal
right. The right to privacy is therefore protected under private law.
The legal right to privacy is constitutionally protected in most democratic societies. This
constitutional right is expressed in a variety of legislative forms. Examples include the Privacy
Act (1974) in the USA, the proposed Open Democracy Act in South Africa (1996) and the Data
Protection Act in England. During 1994 Australia also accepted a Privacy Charter containing 18
privacy principles which describe the right of a citizen concerning personal privacy as effected
by handling of information by the state (Collier, 1994, p. 44-45). The Organization for Economic
and Coordination and Development (OECD) also accepted in 1980 the Guidelines for the
Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flow of Personal Data (Collier, 1994, p. 41).
Privacy is an important right because it is a necessary condition for other rights such as freedo.
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into t.pdf
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into the atmosphere, causing an
increase in the oxygen in the atmosphere and allowing for the development of aerobes.
3. Type of fermentation. Salmonella are methyl red positive, VP negative, positive for H2S
production, negative for gelatin liquefaction, whereas Serratia is methyl red negative, VP
positive, negative for H2S production, and positive for gelatin liquefaction.
4. Mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms that require nutrient supplementation in the medium.
They require fetal or now born calf serum, heart infusion, salts, glucose and/or arginine. Their
growth rate is slow. Since they lack a cell wall, they cannot take up typical Gram stain. Also,,
their extremely small size makes it difficult to visualize them.
Solution
1. d.) Organisms using oxygenic photosynthesis release oxygen into the atmosphere, causing an
increase in the oxygen in the atmosphere and allowing for the development of aerobes.
3. Type of fermentation. Salmonella are methyl red positive, VP negative, positive for H2S
production, negative for gelatin liquefaction, whereas Serratia is methyl red negative, VP
positive, negative for H2S production, and positive for gelatin liquefaction.
4. Mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms that require nutrient supplementation in the medium.
They require fetal or now born calf serum, heart infusion, salts, glucose and/or arginine. Their
growth rate is slow. Since they lack a cell wall, they cannot take up typical Gram stain. Also,,
their extremely small size makes it difficult to visualize them..
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-bin.pdf
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-binding region in the
extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region that contains the
protein tyrosine kinase (TK) domain plus additional carboxy (C-) terminal and juxtamembrane
regulatory regions. In general, growth factor binding activates RTKs by inducing receptor
dimerization, (Ullrich, 1990). Further, extracellular matrix proteins and certain surface proteins
on neighboring cells can also bind to and activate RTKs. The down stream effect is:molecules
direct cell differentiation by determining patterns of gene transcription.
2.The dominant negative receptor mutants which atlow concentrations, are capable of blocking
the intracellular activity of wild type e.g estrogen receptor (ER) mutants as reported by(Ince,
1993). Such mutants are useful in studying the pathway of signal transduction after receptor
activation.
3. Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of
activity. Hence by allostery the components of the signal transduction pathway may be inhibited
or activated depending on the status of the cell i.e. regulated
Solution
1. All RTKs have a similar molecular architecture, with a ligand-binding region in the
extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region that contains the
protein tyrosine kinase (TK) domain plus additional carboxy (C-) terminal and juxtamembrane
regulatory regions. In general, growth factor binding activates RTKs by inducing receptor
dimerization, (Ullrich, 1990). Further, extracellular matrix proteins and certain surface proteins
on neighboring cells can also bind to and activate RTKs. The down stream effect is:molecules
direct cell differentiation by determining patterns of gene transcription.
2.The dominant negative receptor mutants which atlow concentrations, are capable of blocking
the intracellular activity of wild type e.g estrogen receptor (ER) mutants as reported by(Ince,
1993). Such mutants are useful in studying the pathway of signal transduction after receptor
activation.
3. Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of
activity. Hence by allostery the components of the signal transduction pathway may be inhibited
or activated depending on the status of the cell i.e. regulated.
1)we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. .pdf
1)
we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. So it is protonic.
2)
a) Light from when the Universe became transparent very soon after the Big bang.
3)
The cosmological principle limits the faintness of distant objects.
4)
These group elementys are made by adding oxygen nuclei which is the third most commen
element in the universe.
Solution
1)
we can see the universe mostly in the form hydrogen and helium. So it is protonic.
2)
a) Light from when the Universe became transparent very soon after the Big bang.
3)
The cosmological principle limits the faintness of distant objects.
4)
These group elementys are made by adding oxygen nuclei which is the third most commen
element in the universe..
1)D. Bacteria.2)B. Nuclear envelope3)A. Similar in function and .pdf
1)D. Bacteria.
2)B. Nuclear envelope
3)A. Similar in function and evolved independently.
4)B. Prezygotic isolating mechanism.
Solution
1)D. Bacteria.
2)B. Nuclear envelope
3)A. Similar in function and evolved independently.
4)B. Prezygotic isolating mechanism..
1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not .pdf
1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not denoted for antibiotics.
therefore the answer is option e.
2) a) conjugation is the exchange of genetic material by cell-cell contact via sex-pili.
3)a) High-Frequency recombination bacteria have F plasmid integrated into its chromosome and
transfers part of the chromosome along with F+ gene ,thereby resulting in F\' cells.
4) e) an F\' lac- E.coli when mates with F- Lac cell, the result will be F+, Lac-(from F\'),
Lac+(already present in recipient cell)
5) a) true, transformation is the transfer of an exogenous genetic material(DNA).
Solution
1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not denoted for antibiotics.
therefore the answer is option e.
2) a) conjugation is the exchange of genetic material by cell-cell contact via sex-pili.
3)a) High-Frequency recombination bacteria have F plasmid integrated into its chromosome and
transfers part of the chromosome along with F+ gene ,thereby resulting in F\' cells.
4) e) an F\' lac- E.coli when mates with F- Lac cell, the result will be F+, Lac-(from F\'),
Lac+(already present in recipient cell)
5) a) true, transformation is the transfer of an exogenous genetic material(DNA)..
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible .pdf
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible light
Solution
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible light.
(1) CA genetic model organism needs to have all the above features.pdf
(1) C
A genetic model organism needs to have all the above features to facilitate the genetic research
on it, like small genome, short generation time, large number of progeny, should adapt to lab
environment, propagation and maintaining them should be inexpensive.
(2) B
On chromosomes, we can find genes and these are nothing but long pieces of DNA associated
with histone. For every gene we will have two alleles and will be located on different
chromosomes but at the same place or loci and these are an alternate form of a gene.
(3) D
Blending inheritance theory is considered as the current theory of genetic inheritance as it states
that the egg and sperm from two parents will combine to form zygote and here the genetic
material from both parents will blend and will have an influence on genetic makeup of the
developing of offspring.
(4) C
C. elegans is traditionally considered as a classical genetic organism and it has been used to
study the gene function and variety mutagens were used on it to study the effect of different
mutations and their effect on protein function.
(5) A.
The number of chromosomes will be the same in the G1 phase, but in S phase only the number
of chromatids will double in its number.
Solution
(1) C
A genetic model organism needs to have all the above features to facilitate the genetic research
on it, like small genome, short generation time, large number of progeny, should adapt to lab
environment, propagation and maintaining them should be inexpensive.
(2) B
On chromosomes, we can find genes and these are nothing but long pieces of DNA associated
with histone. For every gene we will have two alleles and will be located on different
chromosomes but at the same place or loci and these are an alternate form of a gene.
(3) D
Blending inheritance theory is considered as the current theory of genetic inheritance as it states
that the egg and sperm from two parents will combine to form zygote and here the genetic
material from both parents will blend and will have an influence on genetic makeup of the
developing of offspring.
(4) C
C. elegans is traditionally considered as a classical genetic organism and it has been used to
study the gene function and variety mutagens were used on it to study the effect of different
mutations and their effect on protein function.
(5) A.
The number of chromosomes will be the same in the G1 phase, but in S phase only the number
of chromatids will double in its number..
The relation in partSolution The relation in part.pdf
The relation in part
Solution
The relation in part.
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=..pdf
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=.01000 Step2 pOH= -log[OH-]
=-log[.01] =2 Step3 pH= 14-pOH= 14-2=12
Solution
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=.01000 Step2 pOH= -log[OH-]
=-log[.01] =2 Step3 pH= 14-pOH= 14-2=12.
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron.pdf
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron donor and frequently as a
biochemical source of hydride (H-). so in the last step ketogroup reduce to alcohol with NADPH
(ketogroup to alcohol).
Solution
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron donor and frequently as a
biochemical source of hydride (H-). so in the last step ketogroup reduce to alcohol with NADPH
(ketogroup to alcohol)..
moleculesions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shap.pdf
molecules/ions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shape sp3d AsF5 trigonal
bipyramidal sp3d ClF2+ V-shape sp3 AsF6- octahedral sp3d2
Solution
molecules/ions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shape sp3d AsF5 trigonal
bipyramidal sp3d ClF2+ V-shape sp3 AsF6- octahedral sp3d2.
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were.pdf
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were thought to have fixed orbits like
planets around the sun. Now they are thought to occupy orbitals and have probabilities for being
within given distances from the nucleus. The orbitals (solutions to the Schroedinger Equation)
have shapes like hourglasses, spheres, hollowed out spheres, and more complicated shapes. As a
very distant side note Prof Carlos Stroud at the University of Rochester was able to excite atoms
and put their electrons into orbits much like those predicted by the Rutherford Model.
Solution
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were thought to have fixed orbits like
planets around the sun. Now they are thought to occupy orbitals and have probabilities for being
within given distances from the nucleus. The orbitals (solutions to the Schroedinger Equation)
have shapes like hourglasses, spheres, hollowed out spheres, and more complicated shapes. As a
very distant side note Prof Carlos Stroud at the University of Rochester was able to excite atoms
and put their electrons into orbits much like those predicted by the Rutherford Model..
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You pu.pdf
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You put a stick into two balls to signify a
bond between two atoms
Solution
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You put a stick into two balls to signify a
bond between two atoms.
The anion is a good leaving group because it is p.pdf
The anion is a good leaving group because it is probably the most negative of the
anion. I assume the Xs represent an electronegative atom such as oxygen; therefore, it would
have the greatest repulision force (because it has so many electrons). Thus, it but be beneficial if
the most negative anion (the one with the most electrons) left because it would allow the
molecule to be under less stress and allow the remaining anions to spread out more (spread out
more spatially around the central C atom) (On the really long molecule with the bunch of Me
atoms) The most acidic hydrogen would be the one hanging off the second N from the left (it has
a think line pointing from the H to the N). It is the most acidic because the N is very
electronegative (more so than the carbons found in other molecules). The O atom is more
electronegative but it cannot lose the H because the OH is a polyatomic ion...u cannot split them
up! Thus the H hanging of the N is the most acidic!
Solution
The anion is a good leaving group because it is probably the most negative of the
anion. I assume the Xs represent an electronegative atom such as oxygen; therefore, it would
have the greatest repulision force (because it has so many electrons). Thus, it but be beneficial if
the most negative anion (the one with the most electrons) left because it would allow the
molecule to be under less stress and allow the remaining anions to spread out more (spread out
more spatially around the central C atom) (On the really long molecule with the bunch of Me
atoms) The most acidic hydrogen would be the one hanging off the second N from the left (it has
a think line pointing from the H to the N). It is the most acidic because the N is very
electronegative (more so than the carbons found in other molecules). The O atom is more
electronegative but it cannot lose the H because the OH is a polyatomic ion...u cannot split them
up! Thus the H hanging of the N is the most acidic!.
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlo.pdf
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlorine, and accumulation of chlorine
in an enclosed space colud be hazardous to person working with it. For which result your asking
about?
Solution
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlorine, and accumulation of chlorine
in an enclosed space colud be hazardous to person working with it. For which result your asking
about?.
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female.pdf
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female germ cell. In females,
from the primordial germ cells, oogonium is formed by mitotic divisions. The oogonium
produces primary oocyte by mitotic divisions. So, these primary oocytes are diploid (2n). The
development of primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis I) at birth. Their
development starts again at puberty.
These secondary oocytes undergo “meiosis II,” cytoplasmic division of the secondary oocyte
results in the formation of an egg or ovum and a polar body, both are haploid (having 23
numbers of chromosomes). The polar body degrades itself, and is not capable of being fertilized.
These polar bodies are small in size because they receive small amount of cytoplasm, while the
ovum receive high amount of the cytoplasm.
The oogenesis has two interruptions during meiotic divisions. First being the development of
primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis) at birth. At puberty its development
continues and completes the first meiosis cycle. This enters into the meiosis II, where the
development of secondary oocyte (haploid, n) is arrested at metaphase II (of meiosis II). At
ovulation, this secondary oocyte is released. If fertilization occurs, then only it completes the
meiosis II phase.
Solution
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female germ cell. In females,
from the primordial germ cells, oogonium is formed by mitotic divisions. The oogonium
produces primary oocyte by mitotic divisions. So, these primary oocytes are diploid (2n). The
development of primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis I) at birth. Their
development starts again at puberty.
These secondary oocytes undergo “meiosis II,” cytoplasmic division of the secondary oocyte
results in the formation of an egg or ovum and a polar body, both are haploid (having 23
numbers of chromosomes). The polar body degrades itself, and is not capable of being fertilized.
These polar bodies are small in size because they receive small amount of cytoplasm, while the
ovum receive high amount of the cytoplasm.
The oogenesis has two interruptions during meiotic divisions. First being the development of
primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis) at birth. At puberty its development
continues and completes the first meiosis cycle. This enters into the meiosis II, where the
development of secondary oocyte (haploid, n) is arrested at metaphase II (of meiosis II). At
ovulation, this secondary oocyte is released. If fertilization occurs, then only it completes the
meiosis II phase..
When males only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females .pdf
When males\' only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females are particularly choosy. With
this high level of female choice, sexual ornaments are seen in males, where the ornaments reflect
the male\'s social status. Two hypotheses have been proposed to conceptualize the genetic
benefits from female mate choice.
First, the good genes hypothesis suggests that female choice is for higher genetic quality and that
this preference is favored because it increases fitness of the offspring. This includes Zahavi\'s
handicap hypothesis and Hamilton and Zuk\'s host and parasite arms race. Zahavi\'s handicap
hypothesis was proposed within the context of looking at elaborate male sexual displays. He
suggested that females favor ornamented traits because they are handicaps and are indicators of
the male\'s genetic quality. Since these ornamented traits are hazards, the male\'s survival must
be indicative of his high genetic quality in other areas. In this way, the degree that a male
expresses his sexual display indicates to the female his genetic quality. Zuk and Hamilton
proposed a hypothesis after observing disease as a powerful selective pressure on a rabbit
population. They suggested that sexual displays were indicators of resistance of disease on a
genetic level.
Such \'choosiness\' from the female individuals can be seen in wasp species too, especially
among Polistes dominula wasps. The females tend to prefer males with smaller, more elliptically
shaped spots than those with larger and more irregularly shaped spots. Those males would have
reproductive superiority over males with irregular spots.
Fisher\'s hypothesis of runaway sexual selection suggests that female preference is genetically
correlated with male traits and that the preference co-evolves with the evolution of that trait, thus
the preference is under indirect selection. Fisher suggests that female preference began because
the trait indicated the male’s quality. The female preference spread, so that the females’ offspring
now benefited from the higher quality from specific trait but also greater attractiveness to mates.
Eventually, the trait will only represent attractiveness to mates and no longer represent increased
survival.
An example of mate choice by genes is seen in the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii where males
provide no parental care. An experiment found that a female T. moorii is more likely to choose a
mate with the same color morph as her own. In another experiment, females have been shown to
share preferences for the same males when given two to choose from, meaning some males get
to reproduce more often than others
Solution
When males\' only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females are particularly choosy. With
this high level of female choice, sexual ornaments are seen in males, where the ornaments reflect
the male\'s social status. Two hypotheses have been proposed to conceptualize the genetic
benefits from female mate choice.
First, the good genes hypothesis.
D represents the monoatomic anion. note when met.pdf
D represents the monoatomic anion. note: when metal reacts with nonmetal,
nonmetal gets electrons from metal and thus it is converted into an monoatomic anion with a
larger size. Thus, D is monoatomic anion.
Solution
D represents the monoatomic anion. note: when metal reacts with nonmetal,
nonmetal gets electrons from metal and thus it is converted into an monoatomic anion with a
larger size. Thus, D is monoatomic anion..
There are so many positions, perspectives and ‘takes’ on perversion .pdf
There are so many positions, perspectives and ‘takes’ on perversion that it is difficult to find
one’s bearings whether as a private individual or as a psychotherapist. I cannot hope in the
course of one talk to arrive at a clear position, much less persuade all of you that it is a
convincing one. I will say, however, that I feel sure that one has to bring several perspectives to
bear on any conclusions that are even potentially convincing. Foremost among them, in my
opinion, is the moral perspective -- which is not, I hasten to add, the same as a moralistic
perspective.
The press has of late been full of moral debates about homosexuality, in particular, about the
propriety of making Dr Jeffrey John and Canon Gene Robinson bishops in Anglican and
Episcopalian dioceses. You may take the view that this is nothing to do with psychotherapeutic
ideas about perversion. After all, homosexuality (more precisely, ego-syntonic homosexuality)
was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric
Association in 1973, twenty years after a previous edition of DSM said that it was a pathology.
If, however, you are miserable about your homosexuality you still get a diagnosis in that and
successive editions of the DSM. This leads to a second perspective which I suggest is essential to
working out one’s own position, that is, the fact that concepts of perversion are historical. They
have changed through time and have done so rapidly in recent decades as a result of agitation on
the part of gays, lesbians and others formerly labelled perverts and by those sympathetic to them.
There have always been such people in prominent places in public life, including politics,
culture, business and the clergy, but they have only recently been ‘out’ -- members of the UK
Cabinet, MPs, entertainers, entrepreneurs, clerics. Another index of the historicity of sexual
practices is the percentage of heterosexuals who practice oral and non-penetrative sex. This
percentage has quadrupled from the twenties to the eighties between 1950 and the present, while
the percentage practicing anal sex is not on the rise and hovers at under ten per cent (Wellings et
al., 1994, pp. 164-5).
I was awake and listening to the radio during the ordination of Gene Robinson a fortnight ago.
Those who objected to it said that homosexuality was ‘unnatural’. Indeed, one of those allowed
to put opposing position during the ceremony began spelling out why this was so in graphic
anatomical detail but was asked by the presiding person to desist, followed by a quick and
somewhat embarrassed agreement between them that they knew what was meant. Another
opponent of the ordination said that men and women’s bodies ‘fit together’ and produce children
and long-term relationships. Same gender relationships, he said, do not and are a departure from
Holy Scripture. Here we find appeals tobiology. Gays and lesbians’ are committing ‘unnatural
acts’, and their body parts do not ‘fit’ together..
The statement is False.He wrote a book named Elements of geoemtr.pdf
The statement is False.
He wrote a book named \"Elements of geoemtry\" which covered detailed proofs of the Euclid
postulates and the Hilberts plane. His work in geometry can not be said worthless as his work
brought perfection in other\'s work. Apart from this, Legendre is well known for his Legendre
polynomial, Legendre transformation.
Solution
The statement is False.
He wrote a book named \"Elements of geoemtry\" which covered detailed proofs of the Euclid
postulates and the Hilberts plane. His work in geometry can not be said worthless as his work
brought perfection in other\'s work. Apart from this, Legendre is well known for his Legendre
polynomial, Legendre transformation..
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The .pdf
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The TBAI acts as a phase
transfer catalyst by binding with the S-BINAPO to form a complex that is soluble in the reaction
medium and allows it to perform its catalytic role.
Solution
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The TBAI acts as a phase
transfer catalyst by binding with the S-BINAPO to form a complex that is soluble in the reaction
medium and allows it to perform its catalytic role..
State - The condition of system at a point in time.Abstraction - A.pdf
State - The condition of system at a point in time.
Abstraction - An exact description of Specific concept
Encoding - A way of making data more secure.
Discrete - Individually separate and distinct.
BInary - A system of numerical notation with base 2.
Solution
State - The condition of system at a point in time.
Abstraction - An exact description of Specific concept
Encoding - A way of making data more secure.
Discrete - Individually separate and distinct.
BInary - A system of numerical notation with base 2..
c. I II III acids are obiviously more acidic t.pdf
c. I> II> III acids are obiviously more acidic then alchocol and phenoxide ion is
more stable
Solution
c. I> II> III acids are obiviously more acidic then alchocol and phenoxide ion is
more stable.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not .pdf
1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not denoted for antibiotics.
therefore the answer is option e.
2) a) conjugation is the exchange of genetic material by cell-cell contact via sex-pili.
3)a) High-Frequency recombination bacteria have F plasmid integrated into its chromosome and
transfers part of the chromosome along with F+ gene ,thereby resulting in F\' cells.
4) e) an F\' lac- E.coli when mates with F- Lac cell, the result will be F+, Lac-(from F\'),
Lac+(already present in recipient cell)
5) a) true, transformation is the transfer of an exogenous genetic material(DNA).
Solution
1) Pen R contains penicillin resistance gene .Usually + or - is not denoted for antibiotics.
therefore the answer is option e.
2) a) conjugation is the exchange of genetic material by cell-cell contact via sex-pili.
3)a) High-Frequency recombination bacteria have F plasmid integrated into its chromosome and
transfers part of the chromosome along with F+ gene ,thereby resulting in F\' cells.
4) e) an F\' lac- E.coli when mates with F- Lac cell, the result will be F+, Lac-(from F\'),
Lac+(already present in recipient cell)
5) a) true, transformation is the transfer of an exogenous genetic material(DNA)..
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible .pdf
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible light
Solution
UV radiation has shorter wavelength than visible light.
(1) CA genetic model organism needs to have all the above features.pdf
(1) C
A genetic model organism needs to have all the above features to facilitate the genetic research
on it, like small genome, short generation time, large number of progeny, should adapt to lab
environment, propagation and maintaining them should be inexpensive.
(2) B
On chromosomes, we can find genes and these are nothing but long pieces of DNA associated
with histone. For every gene we will have two alleles and will be located on different
chromosomes but at the same place or loci and these are an alternate form of a gene.
(3) D
Blending inheritance theory is considered as the current theory of genetic inheritance as it states
that the egg and sperm from two parents will combine to form zygote and here the genetic
material from both parents will blend and will have an influence on genetic makeup of the
developing of offspring.
(4) C
C. elegans is traditionally considered as a classical genetic organism and it has been used to
study the gene function and variety mutagens were used on it to study the effect of different
mutations and their effect on protein function.
(5) A.
The number of chromosomes will be the same in the G1 phase, but in S phase only the number
of chromatids will double in its number.
Solution
(1) C
A genetic model organism needs to have all the above features to facilitate the genetic research
on it, like small genome, short generation time, large number of progeny, should adapt to lab
environment, propagation and maintaining them should be inexpensive.
(2) B
On chromosomes, we can find genes and these are nothing but long pieces of DNA associated
with histone. For every gene we will have two alleles and will be located on different
chromosomes but at the same place or loci and these are an alternate form of a gene.
(3) D
Blending inheritance theory is considered as the current theory of genetic inheritance as it states
that the egg and sperm from two parents will combine to form zygote and here the genetic
material from both parents will blend and will have an influence on genetic makeup of the
developing of offspring.
(4) C
C. elegans is traditionally considered as a classical genetic organism and it has been used to
study the gene function and variety mutagens were used on it to study the effect of different
mutations and their effect on protein function.
(5) A.
The number of chromosomes will be the same in the G1 phase, but in S phase only the number
of chromatids will double in its number..
The relation in partSolution The relation in part.pdf
The relation in part
Solution
The relation in part.
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=..pdf
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=.01000 Step2 pOH= -log[OH-]
=-log[.01] =2 Step3 pH= 14-pOH= 14-2=12
Solution
Step1 Concentration of hydroxide ion = 2x.00500=.01000 Step2 pOH= -log[OH-]
=-log[.01] =2 Step3 pH= 14-pOH= 14-2=12.
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron.pdf
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron donor and frequently as a
biochemical source of hydride (H-). so in the last step ketogroup reduce to alcohol with NADPH
(ketogroup to alcohol).
Solution
NADPH is a reducing agent that act as an electron donor and frequently as a
biochemical source of hydride (H-). so in the last step ketogroup reduce to alcohol with NADPH
(ketogroup to alcohol)..
moleculesions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shap.pdf
molecules/ions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shape sp3d AsF5 trigonal
bipyramidal sp3d ClF2+ V-shape sp3 AsF6- octahedral sp3d2
Solution
molecules/ions geometry hybridization ClF3 T-shape sp3d AsF5 trigonal
bipyramidal sp3d ClF2+ V-shape sp3 AsF6- octahedral sp3d2.
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were.pdf
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were thought to have fixed orbits like
planets around the sun. Now they are thought to occupy orbitals and have probabilities for being
within given distances from the nucleus. The orbitals (solutions to the Schroedinger Equation)
have shapes like hourglasses, spheres, hollowed out spheres, and more complicated shapes. As a
very distant side note Prof Carlos Stroud at the University of Rochester was able to excite atoms
and put their electrons into orbits much like those predicted by the Rutherford Model.
Solution
The major shortcoming was that the electrons were thought to have fixed orbits like
planets around the sun. Now they are thought to occupy orbitals and have probabilities for being
within given distances from the nucleus. The orbitals (solutions to the Schroedinger Equation)
have shapes like hourglasses, spheres, hollowed out spheres, and more complicated shapes. As a
very distant side note Prof Carlos Stroud at the University of Rochester was able to excite atoms
and put their electrons into orbits much like those predicted by the Rutherford Model..
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You pu.pdf
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You put a stick into two balls to signify a
bond between two atoms
Solution
The ball is an atom, the stick is a bond. You put a stick into two balls to signify a
bond between two atoms.
The anion is a good leaving group because it is p.pdf
The anion is a good leaving group because it is probably the most negative of the
anion. I assume the Xs represent an electronegative atom such as oxygen; therefore, it would
have the greatest repulision force (because it has so many electrons). Thus, it but be beneficial if
the most negative anion (the one with the most electrons) left because it would allow the
molecule to be under less stress and allow the remaining anions to spread out more (spread out
more spatially around the central C atom) (On the really long molecule with the bunch of Me
atoms) The most acidic hydrogen would be the one hanging off the second N from the left (it has
a think line pointing from the H to the N). It is the most acidic because the N is very
electronegative (more so than the carbons found in other molecules). The O atom is more
electronegative but it cannot lose the H because the OH is a polyatomic ion...u cannot split them
up! Thus the H hanging of the N is the most acidic!
Solution
The anion is a good leaving group because it is probably the most negative of the
anion. I assume the Xs represent an electronegative atom such as oxygen; therefore, it would
have the greatest repulision force (because it has so many electrons). Thus, it but be beneficial if
the most negative anion (the one with the most electrons) left because it would allow the
molecule to be under less stress and allow the remaining anions to spread out more (spread out
more spatially around the central C atom) (On the really long molecule with the bunch of Me
atoms) The most acidic hydrogen would be the one hanging off the second N from the left (it has
a think line pointing from the H to the N). It is the most acidic because the N is very
electronegative (more so than the carbons found in other molecules). The O atom is more
electronegative but it cannot lose the H because the OH is a polyatomic ion...u cannot split them
up! Thus the H hanging of the N is the most acidic!.
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlo.pdf
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlorine, and accumulation of chlorine
in an enclosed space colud be hazardous to person working with it. For which result your asking
about?
Solution
Exposer to light slowely releases silver and chlorine, and accumulation of chlorine
in an enclosed space colud be hazardous to person working with it. For which result your asking
about?.
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female.pdf
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female germ cell. In females,
from the primordial germ cells, oogonium is formed by mitotic divisions. The oogonium
produces primary oocyte by mitotic divisions. So, these primary oocytes are diploid (2n). The
development of primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis I) at birth. Their
development starts again at puberty.
These secondary oocytes undergo “meiosis II,” cytoplasmic division of the secondary oocyte
results in the formation of an egg or ovum and a polar body, both are haploid (having 23
numbers of chromosomes). The polar body degrades itself, and is not capable of being fertilized.
These polar bodies are small in size because they receive small amount of cytoplasm, while the
ovum receive high amount of the cytoplasm.
The oogenesis has two interruptions during meiotic divisions. First being the development of
primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis) at birth. At puberty its development
continues and completes the first meiosis cycle. This enters into the meiosis II, where the
development of secondary oocyte (haploid, n) is arrested at metaphase II (of meiosis II). At
ovulation, this secondary oocyte is released. If fertilization occurs, then only it completes the
meiosis II phase.
Solution
“Oogenesis” is the production of matured “ovum or egg” from a female germ cell. In females,
from the primordial germ cells, oogonium is formed by mitotic divisions. The oogonium
produces primary oocyte by mitotic divisions. So, these primary oocytes are diploid (2n). The
development of primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis I) at birth. Their
development starts again at puberty.
These secondary oocytes undergo “meiosis II,” cytoplasmic division of the secondary oocyte
results in the formation of an egg or ovum and a polar body, both are haploid (having 23
numbers of chromosomes). The polar body degrades itself, and is not capable of being fertilized.
These polar bodies are small in size because they receive small amount of cytoplasm, while the
ovum receive high amount of the cytoplasm.
The oogenesis has two interruptions during meiotic divisions. First being the development of
primary oocytes is arrested at prophase I (of meiosis) at birth. At puberty its development
continues and completes the first meiosis cycle. This enters into the meiosis II, where the
development of secondary oocyte (haploid, n) is arrested at metaphase II (of meiosis II). At
ovulation, this secondary oocyte is released. If fertilization occurs, then only it completes the
meiosis II phase..
When males only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females .pdf
When males\' only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females are particularly choosy. With
this high level of female choice, sexual ornaments are seen in males, where the ornaments reflect
the male\'s social status. Two hypotheses have been proposed to conceptualize the genetic
benefits from female mate choice.
First, the good genes hypothesis suggests that female choice is for higher genetic quality and that
this preference is favored because it increases fitness of the offspring. This includes Zahavi\'s
handicap hypothesis and Hamilton and Zuk\'s host and parasite arms race. Zahavi\'s handicap
hypothesis was proposed within the context of looking at elaborate male sexual displays. He
suggested that females favor ornamented traits because they are handicaps and are indicators of
the male\'s genetic quality. Since these ornamented traits are hazards, the male\'s survival must
be indicative of his high genetic quality in other areas. In this way, the degree that a male
expresses his sexual display indicates to the female his genetic quality. Zuk and Hamilton
proposed a hypothesis after observing disease as a powerful selective pressure on a rabbit
population. They suggested that sexual displays were indicators of resistance of disease on a
genetic level.
Such \'choosiness\' from the female individuals can be seen in wasp species too, especially
among Polistes dominula wasps. The females tend to prefer males with smaller, more elliptically
shaped spots than those with larger and more irregularly shaped spots. Those males would have
reproductive superiority over males with irregular spots.
Fisher\'s hypothesis of runaway sexual selection suggests that female preference is genetically
correlated with male traits and that the preference co-evolves with the evolution of that trait, thus
the preference is under indirect selection. Fisher suggests that female preference began because
the trait indicated the male’s quality. The female preference spread, so that the females’ offspring
now benefited from the higher quality from specific trait but also greater attractiveness to mates.
Eventually, the trait will only represent attractiveness to mates and no longer represent increased
survival.
An example of mate choice by genes is seen in the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii where males
provide no parental care. An experiment found that a female T. moorii is more likely to choose a
mate with the same color morph as her own. In another experiment, females have been shown to
share preferences for the same males when given two to choose from, meaning some males get
to reproduce more often than others
Solution
When males\' only contribution to offspring is their sperm, females are particularly choosy. With
this high level of female choice, sexual ornaments are seen in males, where the ornaments reflect
the male\'s social status. Two hypotheses have been proposed to conceptualize the genetic
benefits from female mate choice.
First, the good genes hypothesis.
D represents the monoatomic anion. note when met.pdf
D represents the monoatomic anion. note: when metal reacts with nonmetal,
nonmetal gets electrons from metal and thus it is converted into an monoatomic anion with a
larger size. Thus, D is monoatomic anion.
Solution
D represents the monoatomic anion. note: when metal reacts with nonmetal,
nonmetal gets electrons from metal and thus it is converted into an monoatomic anion with a
larger size. Thus, D is monoatomic anion..
There are so many positions, perspectives and ‘takes’ on perversion .pdf
There are so many positions, perspectives and ‘takes’ on perversion that it is difficult to find
one’s bearings whether as a private individual or as a psychotherapist. I cannot hope in the
course of one talk to arrive at a clear position, much less persuade all of you that it is a
convincing one. I will say, however, that I feel sure that one has to bring several perspectives to
bear on any conclusions that are even potentially convincing. Foremost among them, in my
opinion, is the moral perspective -- which is not, I hasten to add, the same as a moralistic
perspective.
The press has of late been full of moral debates about homosexuality, in particular, about the
propriety of making Dr Jeffrey John and Canon Gene Robinson bishops in Anglican and
Episcopalian dioceses. You may take the view that this is nothing to do with psychotherapeutic
ideas about perversion. After all, homosexuality (more precisely, ego-syntonic homosexuality)
was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric
Association in 1973, twenty years after a previous edition of DSM said that it was a pathology.
If, however, you are miserable about your homosexuality you still get a diagnosis in that and
successive editions of the DSM. This leads to a second perspective which I suggest is essential to
working out one’s own position, that is, the fact that concepts of perversion are historical. They
have changed through time and have done so rapidly in recent decades as a result of agitation on
the part of gays, lesbians and others formerly labelled perverts and by those sympathetic to them.
There have always been such people in prominent places in public life, including politics,
culture, business and the clergy, but they have only recently been ‘out’ -- members of the UK
Cabinet, MPs, entertainers, entrepreneurs, clerics. Another index of the historicity of sexual
practices is the percentage of heterosexuals who practice oral and non-penetrative sex. This
percentage has quadrupled from the twenties to the eighties between 1950 and the present, while
the percentage practicing anal sex is not on the rise and hovers at under ten per cent (Wellings et
al., 1994, pp. 164-5).
I was awake and listening to the radio during the ordination of Gene Robinson a fortnight ago.
Those who objected to it said that homosexuality was ‘unnatural’. Indeed, one of those allowed
to put opposing position during the ceremony began spelling out why this was so in graphic
anatomical detail but was asked by the presiding person to desist, followed by a quick and
somewhat embarrassed agreement between them that they knew what was meant. Another
opponent of the ordination said that men and women’s bodies ‘fit together’ and produce children
and long-term relationships. Same gender relationships, he said, do not and are a departure from
Holy Scripture. Here we find appeals tobiology. Gays and lesbians’ are committing ‘unnatural
acts’, and their body parts do not ‘fit’ together..
The statement is False.He wrote a book named Elements of geoemtr.pdf
The statement is False.
He wrote a book named \"Elements of geoemtry\" which covered detailed proofs of the Euclid
postulates and the Hilberts plane. His work in geometry can not be said worthless as his work
brought perfection in other\'s work. Apart from this, Legendre is well known for his Legendre
polynomial, Legendre transformation.
Solution
The statement is False.
He wrote a book named \"Elements of geoemtry\" which covered detailed proofs of the Euclid
postulates and the Hilberts plane. His work in geometry can not be said worthless as his work
brought perfection in other\'s work. Apart from this, Legendre is well known for his Legendre
polynomial, Legendre transformation..
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The .pdf
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The TBAI acts as a phase
transfer catalyst by binding with the S-BINAPO to form a complex that is soluble in the reaction
medium and allows it to perform its catalytic role.
Solution
The S-BINAPO is not soluble in the solvent used for allylation. The TBAI acts as a phase
transfer catalyst by binding with the S-BINAPO to form a complex that is soluble in the reaction
medium and allows it to perform its catalytic role..
State - The condition of system at a point in time.Abstraction - A.pdf
State - The condition of system at a point in time.
Abstraction - An exact description of Specific concept
Encoding - A way of making data more secure.
Discrete - Individually separate and distinct.
BInary - A system of numerical notation with base 2.
Solution
State - The condition of system at a point in time.
Abstraction - An exact description of Specific concept
Encoding - A way of making data more secure.
Discrete - Individually separate and distinct.
BInary - A system of numerical notation with base 2..
c. I II III acids are obiviously more acidic t.pdf
c. I> II> III acids are obiviously more acidic then alchocol and phenoxide ion is
more stable
Solution
c. I> II> III acids are obiviously more acidic then alchocol and phenoxide ion is
more stable.
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- 1. molality = (112/58.5)/1 = 1.914 m Percent mass = 112/(112+ 1000) x100 = 10.07 % Solution molality = (112/58.5)/1 = 1.914 m Percent mass = 112/(112+ 1000) x100 = 10.07 %