To understand the social responsibility of corporations toward their various constituencies around the world, in particular their responsibilities toward human rights
To acknowledge the strategic role that ethics must play in global management and provide guidance to managers to maintain ethical behavior amid the varying standards and practices around the world
To recognize the importance of managing interdependence and include sustainability in their long-term plans
Module 2B Drivers of firm internationalization.pptxNHITRNQUNH2
The document discusses different types of multinational enterprises (MNEs) including centralized exporters, international projectors, international coordinators, and multi-centered MNEs. It also examines theories related to firm internationalization such as the Uppsala model, eclectic paradigm, resource-based view, and linkage-leverage-learning (LLL) model. Finally, it discusses how firm-specific advantages (FSAs) influence a firm's internationalization based on asset, transaction, and resource advantages.
The document provides details of three export contracts including goods, prices, shipment dates, and payment terms.
For the first contract, the summary would be:
The seller completed shipment of 700 ladies sportswear items by the deadline of June 20, 2004 according to the contract. The seller opened an account at a bank in Vietnam to receive payment 60 days after shipment.
For the second contract, the summary would be:
The seller completed shipment of goods by the deadline of March 25, 1996 according to the letter of credit. The seller issued invoice number AQ1345 on March 25, 1996. The advising bank of the letter of credit served the exporter.
For the third contract, the summary
Module 2B Drivers of firm internationalization.pptxNHITRNQUNH2
The document discusses different types of multinational enterprises (MNEs) including centralized exporters, international projectors, international coordinators, and multi-centered MNEs. It also examines theories related to firm internationalization such as the Uppsala model, eclectic paradigm, resource-based view, and linkage-leverage-learning (LLL) model. Finally, it discusses how firm-specific advantages (FSAs) influence a firm's internationalization based on asset, transaction, and resource advantages.
The document provides details of three export contracts including goods, prices, shipment dates, and payment terms.
For the first contract, the summary would be:
The seller completed shipment of 700 ladies sportswear items by the deadline of June 20, 2004 according to the contract. The seller opened an account at a bank in Vietnam to receive payment 60 days after shipment.
For the second contract, the summary would be:
The seller completed shipment of goods by the deadline of March 25, 1996 according to the letter of credit. The seller issued invoice number AQ1345 on March 25, 1996. The advising bank of the letter of credit served the exporter.
For the third contract, the summary
Walmart - Hệ thống quản lý chuỗi cung ứng (SCM)Lê Hưng
Một sản phẩm của Lê Bảo Hưng. Bài viết khái quát về hệ thống quản lý chuỗi cung ứng mà Walmart đang sử dụng. Thứ mà tạo nên chiến lược đem về thành công cho Walmart
Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Quản Trị Hoạt Động Thu Mua Tại Doanh Nghiệp Thương Mại Điện Tử. Thương mại điện tử được chứng minh là một loại hình kinh doanh quan trọng, chi phối nhiều hoạt động kinh tế - xã hội, có ảnh hưởng lớn và làm thay đổi nhiều mặt của đời sống xã hội. Tuy nhiên, giống như các loại hình kinh doanh khác, TMĐT cũng có những mặt hạn chế của nó. Đối với các doanh nghiệp thương mại, hoạt động thu mua không chỉ mang lại lợi ích kinh tế cho doanh nghiệp mà còn làm phát sinh những nguy cơ có thể gây ra tổn thất, ảnh hưởng trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp đến hiệu quả kinh tế - xã hội của các doanh nghiệp cũng như toàn bộ nền kinh tế quốc dân, thậm chí có thể dẫn đến sự phá sản của một doanh nghiệp hoặc một ngành sản xuất, kinh doanh.
Luận văn thạc sĩ quản trị kinh doanh: Phát triển hoạt động kinh doanh dịch vụ logistics cho các doanh nghiệp giao nhận vận tải Việt Nam trên thị trường miền Nam Việt Nam
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Hoạt động của logistics 3PL của các doanh nghiệp logistics Việt Nam giai đoạn 2008 - 2012 và định hướng phát triển đến năm 2020 cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo .
Link tải: bit.ly/lv0016
Đánh giá chiến lược thâm nhập thị trường Việt Nam của KFCluanvantrust
LINK DOWNLOAD:https://sividoc.com/vi/document/danh-gia-chien-luoc-tham-nhap-thi-truong-viet-nam-cua-kfc
Đánh giá chiến lược thâm nhập thị trường Việt Nam của KFC
TS. BÙI QUANG XUÂN QUẢN TRI CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG. CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ CH...Minh Chanh
CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG
Hiện nay, yếu tố cạnh tranh chính trong kinh doanh là hiệu quả chuỗi cung ứng do khả năng phản ứng nhanh trước những thay đổi nhu cầu của thị trường. Điều này đã trở thành sự thật hiển nhiên trong nhiều thị trường. Để phát triển năng lực này, công ty và hệ thống chuỗi cung ứng cần phải nghiên cứu những hành vi mới và sử dụng công nghệ thích hợp với những hành vi này.
This document discusses cultural values and ethics in cross-border businesses. It begins by explaining that culture influences moral interpretations and different cultures can have different beliefs about right and wrong. Business ethics are influenced by culture as ethical norms are established by shared backgrounds and customs. When businesses operate internationally, they may encounter different cultural norms around employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, and corruption. Managers also face ethical dilemmas when evaluating complex situations with non-ideal alternatives and balancing various stakeholder interests. Establishing corporate codes of ethics can help avoid legal issues, customer backlash, low employee morale, and loss of sales from bad publicity resulting from unethical behavior.
For IAS, PCS, SSC, IBPS, Bank-PO,RBI, and Other One day Exams
MBA and International Economics (According to Syllabus of Different Universities)
Chapter Description:
1.Cultural Values
2.Ethics
3.Relationship between cultural values and Ethics
4.Importance of cultural values and ethics in cross border business
Key Terms:
1.Ethnocentric: Of the idea or belief that one’s own culture is more important than, or superior to, other cultures.
2.Moral relativism: Refers to any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments among different people and across different cultures.
3.Norms: Rules or laws that govern a group’s or a society’s behaviors.
The most common ethical issues in business involve:
1.employment practices
2.human rights
3.environmental regulations
4.corruption
5.the moral obligation of multinational companies
Walmart - Hệ thống quản lý chuỗi cung ứng (SCM)Lê Hưng
Một sản phẩm của Lê Bảo Hưng. Bài viết khái quát về hệ thống quản lý chuỗi cung ứng mà Walmart đang sử dụng. Thứ mà tạo nên chiến lược đem về thành công cho Walmart
Khóa Luận Tốt Nghiệp Quản Trị Hoạt Động Thu Mua Tại Doanh Nghiệp Thương Mại Điện Tử. Thương mại điện tử được chứng minh là một loại hình kinh doanh quan trọng, chi phối nhiều hoạt động kinh tế - xã hội, có ảnh hưởng lớn và làm thay đổi nhiều mặt của đời sống xã hội. Tuy nhiên, giống như các loại hình kinh doanh khác, TMĐT cũng có những mặt hạn chế của nó. Đối với các doanh nghiệp thương mại, hoạt động thu mua không chỉ mang lại lợi ích kinh tế cho doanh nghiệp mà còn làm phát sinh những nguy cơ có thể gây ra tổn thất, ảnh hưởng trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp đến hiệu quả kinh tế - xã hội của các doanh nghiệp cũng như toàn bộ nền kinh tế quốc dân, thậm chí có thể dẫn đến sự phá sản của một doanh nghiệp hoặc một ngành sản xuất, kinh doanh.
Luận văn thạc sĩ quản trị kinh doanh: Phát triển hoạt động kinh doanh dịch vụ logistics cho các doanh nghiệp giao nhận vận tải Việt Nam trên thị trường miền Nam Việt Nam
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Hoạt động của logistics 3PL của các doanh nghiệp logistics Việt Nam giai đoạn 2008 - 2012 và định hướng phát triển đến năm 2020 cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo .
Link tải: bit.ly/lv0016
Đánh giá chiến lược thâm nhập thị trường Việt Nam của KFCluanvantrust
LINK DOWNLOAD:https://sividoc.com/vi/document/danh-gia-chien-luoc-tham-nhap-thi-truong-viet-nam-cua-kfc
Đánh giá chiến lược thâm nhập thị trường Việt Nam của KFC
TS. BÙI QUANG XUÂN QUẢN TRI CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG. CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ CH...Minh Chanh
CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG
Hiện nay, yếu tố cạnh tranh chính trong kinh doanh là hiệu quả chuỗi cung ứng do khả năng phản ứng nhanh trước những thay đổi nhu cầu của thị trường. Điều này đã trở thành sự thật hiển nhiên trong nhiều thị trường. Để phát triển năng lực này, công ty và hệ thống chuỗi cung ứng cần phải nghiên cứu những hành vi mới và sử dụng công nghệ thích hợp với những hành vi này.
This document discusses cultural values and ethics in cross-border businesses. It begins by explaining that culture influences moral interpretations and different cultures can have different beliefs about right and wrong. Business ethics are influenced by culture as ethical norms are established by shared backgrounds and customs. When businesses operate internationally, they may encounter different cultural norms around employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, and corruption. Managers also face ethical dilemmas when evaluating complex situations with non-ideal alternatives and balancing various stakeholder interests. Establishing corporate codes of ethics can help avoid legal issues, customer backlash, low employee morale, and loss of sales from bad publicity resulting from unethical behavior.
For IAS, PCS, SSC, IBPS, Bank-PO,RBI, and Other One day Exams
MBA and International Economics (According to Syllabus of Different Universities)
Chapter Description:
1.Cultural Values
2.Ethics
3.Relationship between cultural values and Ethics
4.Importance of cultural values and ethics in cross border business
Key Terms:
1.Ethnocentric: Of the idea or belief that one’s own culture is more important than, or superior to, other cultures.
2.Moral relativism: Refers to any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments among different people and across different cultures.
3.Norms: Rules or laws that govern a group’s or a society’s behaviors.
The most common ethical issues in business involve:
1.employment practices
2.human rights
3.environmental regulations
4.corruption
5.the moral obligation of multinational companies
Practices In Social Responsibility And Ethics In International OperationsHarmony Gosher
This document discusses ethics and social responsibility in international business. It defines ethics and social responsibility, and explains how companies try to manage ethical behavior through codes of ethics, training, and establishing an ethical corporate culture. A multinational company must decide whether to have one overarching code or country-specific codes. Training is also used to address ethical issues, along with leading ethically and addressing violations. The document examines stakeholders and decision-making approaches to ensure ethical and social aspects are considered in international business.
This document discusses ethics and business ethics in international business. It begins by defining ethics and business ethics. It then discusses the importance of ethics in international business, noting that ethical behavior ensures sustainable development. It identifies some common ethical issues in international business such as employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and the moral obligations of multinational companies. It also discusses philosophical approaches to ethics like utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. The document also covers topics like the roots of ethical/unethical behavior, legal foundations of ethics, ethics and corporate bribery including conventions against corruption, and ethics and the environment including issues of sustainability and global warming.
The document discusses several ethical issues that multinational firms may face, including employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, and corruption. It also outlines approaches to ethics like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and rights theories. The document recommends that firms hire people with strong ethics, build an ethical culture, use ethical decision-making processes, and develop moral courage to ensure ethical behavior.
This document discusses ethics in international business. It begins by defining business ethics and outlining some common ethical issues that arise in international business, such as differing employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and the obligations of multinational corporations. The document then examines these issues in more depth and provides examples. It also discusses ethical dilemmas, the roots of unethical behavior such as personal ethics, decision-making processes, organizational culture, performance expectations, leadership, and societal culture. Finally, it outlines processes and models for ethical decision-making.
The document discusses ethics in international business. It defines business ethics and ethical strategy. The most common ethical issues involve employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, and corruption. When operating abroad, multinationals must determine which standards to apply regarding work conditions, human rights, pollution, and payments to officials. Managers may behave unethically due to personal ethics, decision processes, organizational culture, performance expectations, and leadership. Companies should hire ethical people, develop an ethical culture, ensure leaders act ethically, consider ethics in decisions, and develop moral courage.
INTRODUCTION OF BUSINESS ETHICS (3).pptxakshay353895
This document provides an overview of business ethics and related concepts. It defines ethics, personal ethics, business ethics, and accounting ethics. It discusses the relationship between law and ethics. It also covers ethical decision making, principles of personal ethics, and motivation for being ethical. Normative theories in business ethics like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and egoism are introduced. The document also discusses how corporations can institutionalize ethics.
This document discusses ethical issues that can arise in international business. It covers several key topics: employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and the moral obligations of multinational corporations. For each topic, it provides examples of ethical dilemmas companies have faced. It also examines approaches to business ethics like cultural relativism and discusses determinants of ethical behavior such as personal ethics and organizational culture. Finally, it outlines strategies for making ethical decisions, such as hiring people with strong ethics and creating an ethical organizational culture.
This document discusses the link between business strategy, ethics, and social responsibility. It argues that a company's strategy should be conducted ethically and consider society. Business ethics apply general ethical principles to company actions and decisions, which are judged by societal standards, not more permissive ones. When operating globally, companies must consider ethical universalism, relativism, and an integrated approach. Universalism applies the same ethics universally, while relativism follows local standards, which could condone harmful practices. An integrated approach balances universal principles with local customs. The document also examines drivers of unethical behavior and different types of managerial ethics.
This document provides an overview of ethics. It discusses how ethics is a set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society. It outlines Cisco's commitment to ethics in their business operations. Cisco provides ethics training to employees and encourages volunteering. The document also discusses how organizations should balance social responsibilities with their primary mission. It examines ethical decision making approaches like virtue ethics and utilitarianism. Finally, it covers concerns about ethical use of information technology like monitoring employees and hacking databases.
Challenges Of Corporate Social ResponsibilityElijah Ezendu
Issues in development of workable corporate social responsibility strategy and resolution of awe-inspiring stance for championing effective governance.
This document provides an overview of chapters 5-7 from an international business textbook. Chapter 5 discusses ethics in international business, including issues related to employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and moral obligations of multinational companies. It also examines philosophical approaches to ethics like utilitarianism and deontology. Chapter 6 covers international trade theory, including theories of absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Chapter 7 discusses foreign market entry strategies such as exporting, licensing, and foreign direct investment.
Financial Sector Responsibility for Human Rights Conduct of Borrowers: What W...Larry Catá Backer
The document discusses the responsibilities of financial institutions for the human rights conduct of their borrowers, using the extractives sector as an example. It provides context on debates around corporate social responsibility in the extractives sector. It then outlines several international norm structures that guide business and human rights conduct, such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and third party standards. The document also examines case studies of financial institutions, including the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund's exclusions of certain companies from its investment portfolio due to human rights or environmental concerns. It concludes by looking at private standards adopted by banks like HSBC for their mining and metals sector clients and policies.
Introduction to management groups g - i - managerial ethics and corporate s...Diego Thomas
This document provides an overview and summary of the key topics covered in a lecture on managerial ethics and corporate social responsibility. The lecture discusses:
1. Definitions of ethics and how it relates to behaviors governed by law and free choice.
2. Approaches to evaluating ethical behavior such as utilitarian, individualism, moral rights, and justice approaches.
3. Factors that influence ethical decision making for individuals and organizations.
4. The concept of corporate social responsibility and importance of balancing stakeholder interests.
Laws and Ethics in Social work Practice.pptxChetan Sharma
The document discusses codes of ethics in social work. It provides background on the development of codes of ethics, beginning with the first code in the US in 1920. It defines what a code of ethics is and its purposes. The document then outlines the core values in social work like service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person. It discusses the ethical responsibilities of social workers to clients, colleagues, in professional practice, as professionals, to the profession, and of institutions. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of laws, ethics and codes of conduct for social work.
Ethical behavior in international business is important for several reasons:
1) It ensures sustainable long-term development rather than short-term profits which can have disastrous consequences.
2) It establishes a healthy cooperation climate and makes all parties feel comfortable.
3) It provides a significant competitive advantage by deserving clients' attention and support.
Some common ethical issues include employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and multinational companies' moral obligations. Managing these issues requires considering philosophical approaches like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, rights theories, and justice theories. Laws and agreements like the UN Global Compact also provide guidance for ethical conduct in international business.
Introduction, definition,nature and scope,importance,types and field of ethics, CSR, CSR models, advantages and disadvantages, crisis management, team, planning process of crisis management.
Similar to Module 3 Cultures, Ethics and Corporate Governance.pptx (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Module 3 Cultures, Ethics and Corporate Governance.pptx
1. Module 3
Cultures, Ethics and Corporate Governance
International Business Division
School of International Business and Marketing
UEH University
2. Learning Objectives
1. To understand the social responsibility of corporations toward their
various constituencies around the world, in particular their
responsibilities toward human rights
2. To acknowledge the strategic role that ethics must play in global
management and provide guidance to managers to maintain ethical
behavior amid the varying standards and practices around the world
3. To recognize the importance of managing interdependence and
include sustainability in their long-term plans
3. Business Ethics
• Ethics: Ethics is the study of morality and standards of conduct. Ethics
refers to the moral principles that govern how humans conduct themselves
at work and outside.
• Business ethics: Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form
of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and
moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It
applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of
individuals and entire organizations. These ethics originate from
individuals, organizational statements or from the legal system.
4. Ethical philosophies and their application
• The utilitarian approach: Favours the greatest good for the greatest
number of people under a given set of constraints. Decisions are
ethical when the social benefits outweigh the costs of pursuing that
action; that is, ethical decisions are those that result in the highest
benefit for most people.
• The right approach: the best ethical action as that which protects the
rights of those affected by the action.
• What are articles stated in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights? Are they legally binding in all UN member states?
5. Ethical philosophies and their application
• The justice approach: ethical principles should be chosen by free and
rational people and can be ensured by fairness in the society. Justice
can be achieved by impartiality, which means people are ignorant of
all personal characteristics of another
• Nationality, gender, intelligence, social class
• Legitimacy theory: the theory argues that a company can only
continue to operate where that society believes that it is operating
with a value system similar to the society’s own.
6. Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility
Economic Responsibilities:
Be profitable
The Foundation on which all other rest
Legal Responsibilities:
Obey the law
Law is societies codification of right and wrong. Play by the rules of game
Ethical Responsibilities:
Be ethical
Obligation to do what is right, just and
fair. Avoid harm
Philanthropic
Responsibilities:
Be a good corporate citizen
Contribute resources to the
community; improve quality of life
Source: Carroll, AB 1991, ‘The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Towards the Moral Management of
Organizational Stakeholders’, Business Horizons, July-August, pp. 40-48.
7. Profit is
MNC’s only
goal
MNCs should
anticipate
and solve
social needs
The Social Responsibility of MNCs
CSR Dilemma
6/8/2023 7
9. Benefits of CSR
1. Improved access to capital
2. Secured license to operate
3. Revenue increase and cost and risk reduction
4. Improved brand value and reputation with
customer attraction and retention
5. Improved employee recruitment, motivation, and
retention
6/8/2023 9
11. Are ethics culture free?
• Criteria for judging ethical behaviour
• Rights – but how decided and enforced?
• What is shared (etic)?
• hat is shared (etic)?
• What is culture specific (emic)?
• What is culture specific (emic)?
• Utilitarianism – greatest good for greatest
number
12. Ethical differences
• Individual responsibility and accountability
• Consensual community based norms/standards
• Universalism and legalistic orientation
• Particularist orientation and informal social control
• Insider/outsider ethic
• Notions of reciprocity
• Legal context
• Roles of government, the media and stakeholders
13. Managing Subsidiary—Host-Country
Interdependence
1. MNCs locally raise their needed capital,
contributing to a rise in interest rates in host
countries.
2. The majority of the stock of subsidiaries is owned
by the parent company. Host-country people have
little control over the operations within their
borders.
Common Criticism of MNC Subsidiary
Activities
6/8/2023 13
14. Common Criticism of MNC Subsidiary Activities Cont.
1. MNCs reserve the key managerial and technical
positions for expatriates, instead of developing
host-country personnel.
2. MNCs do not adapt technology to the
conditions in host countries.
3. MNCs concentrate research and development
activities at home, restricting technology
transfer and know-how to host countries.
4. MNCs create a demand for luxury goods in host
countries at the expense of consumer goods.
6/8/2023 14
15. Common Criticism of MNC Subsidiary Activities Cont.
1. MNCs start foreign operations by purchasing existing firms, not by
developing new facilities in host countries.
2. MNCs dominate major industrial sectors, contributing to inflation, by
stimulating demand for scarce resources and earning excessively high
profits and fees.
3. MNCs are not accountable to host nations but only respond to home-
country governments; they are not concerned with host-country plans
for development.
6/8/2023 15
16. MNEs: Corporate Social Responsibility
• Global CSR approach: Transcends national boundaries and societal differences,
thereby manifesting a universal standard of corporate ethical behaviour
• Local CSR approach: ‘Companies seek to behave in a socially desirable manner as
defined by the local majority for each country where they have operations’
• Transnational CSR approach: ‘Balances a need to retain local identity with the
acknowledgement of values that transcend individual communities’
17. Global approach
Strong commitment to head
office
Understanding of global
stakeholder’s needs
Big picture thinking
Helicopter view
Understanding of universal
ethical standards
Integrity and behavioural
consistency
Local approach
Strong commitment to local
subsidiary
Understanding of local
stakeholders needs
Non-judgemental and open
to different views
Intercultural sensitivity and
perspective taking skills
Adaptability and
behavioural flexibility
Transnational
Approach
Competencies required for Global +
Local CSR plus…
Dual citizenship
Global mindset
Ability to balance
contradictions and paradoxes
Tolerance of uncertainty
Multicultural identity
Moral imagination
Corporate Social Responsibility
18. General Guidelines for Code of Morality
and Ethics in Individual Countries
Moral
Universalism
• Addressing the need for a moral standard that is
accepted by all cultures
Ethnocentric
Approach
• Applying the morality used in home country—
regardless of the host country’s system of ethics
Ethical
Relativism
• Adopting the local moral code of whatever
country in which a firm is operating
6/8/2023 18
19. Comparative Management in Focus:
Doing Business in China
The attraction of doing business in China:
Cheap labor cost
An expanding market
A growing economy with growth in
higher skilled jobs and services
Continuing concerns
Uncertain legal environment
Protecting IP
6/8/2023 19
20. Policies to Help MNCs to Confront Concerns About
Ethical Behavior and Social Responsibility
1. Develop worldwide code of ethics.
2. Build ethical policies into strategy development.
3. Plan regular assessment of the company’s ethical
posture.
4. If ethical problems cannot be resolved, withdraw
from that market.
6/8/2023 20
21. Steps to an Ethical Decision
Consult the International Codes of Conduct for MNEs Consult
the company’s code of ethics and established norms
Consult the laws of both the home and the host countries
Weigh shareholders rights
Follow your own conscience and moral code.
6/8/2023 21
22. The Process for Companies to Combat Corruption
and to Minimize the Risk of Prosecution
1. Having a global compliance system which shows that
employees have understood, and signed off on, the
legal obligations regarding bribery and corruption in
the countries where they do business
2. Making employees aware of the penalties and
ramifications for lone actions, such as criminal
sanctions
3. Having a system in place to investigate any foreign
agents and overseas partners who will be negotiating
contracts
4. Keeping an effective whistle-blowing system in place
6/8/2023 22
23. Managing Subsidiary—Host-Country Interdependence
Require managers to go beyond issues of CSR to
deal with specific concerns of MNC and host-
country relationship.
MNCs must learn to accommodate the needs of
other organizations and countries.
6/8/2023 23
24. 1. Do no intentional harm. This includes respect for
the integrity of the ecosystem and consumer
safety.
2. Produce more good than harm for the host
country.
3. Contribute by their activity to the host country’s
development.
4. Respect the human rights of their employees.
Recommendations for MNCs Operating in and Doing
Business in Asia
6/8/2023 24
25. 1. To the extent that local culture does not violate ethical
norms, respect the local culture and work with and not
against it.
2. Pay their fare share of taxes.
3. Cooperate with the local government in developing and
enforcing just background institutions.
Recommendations for MNCs Operating in and Doing
Business in Asia
6/8/2023 25
Editor's Notes
[SO]
In 1991, Archie B Carroll defined CSR in terms of Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic responsibilities and organised those in terms of a pyramid formation based on their priorities. As you can see in the presentation while economic responsibility is the foundation on which other responsibilities rest on, philanthropic responsibility contributes to the community and improve the quality of life in the society.
Corporate social responsibility concerns the benefits versus harm wrought by MNCs, especially in less developed countries (LDCs). Issues of social responsibility tend to center on poverty and lack of equal opportunity, the environment, consumer concerns, and employee safety and welfare. The question is, how much should MNCs concern themselves with the social and economic effects of their decisions? At one extreme, the answer to this question is that MNCs are only responsible for earning profits. At the other extreme is the notion that MNCs should anticipate and solve social needs. Of course, firms can take a stance anywhere between these two extremes.
International CSR is more complex than domestic CSR because there are additional stakeholders in the firm’s activities. Managers must weigh the rights of domestic stakeholders versus those of host country stakeholders. Most decisions will involve a trade-off between the rights of various stakeholders—at least in the short-term.
Exhibit 2-7 provides a system for examining, measuring, and managing the drivers of corporate sustainability. Essential to success is the commitment of top leadership and the recognition of sustainability as a process that will benefit the company—i.e., that it is a good business idea. Key to understanding the role of corporate sustainability is the relationship between managers’ decisions, their impact on the society and its environment, and financial performance
[SO]
Throughout history, philosophers have been arguing over the proper criteria for judging ethical behaviour. And these philosophical positions inevitably reflect underlying cultural assumptions. So we need to find ways of utilising different cultural assumptions in order to become truly global citizens and create a common ethical basis for conducting business in the global context.
And the questions we need to think about are:
• What are the greatest good for all?
• And how do we decide what are right and who decides how they are enforced?
• What is shared and What is culture specific?
Cultural anthropology helps us understand similarities and differences in how responsible leadership is perceived around the globe.
[SO]
Ethical differences can be found in cultural views on concepts such as:
Individual responsibility and accountability
Consensual community based norms/standards
Universalism and legalistic orientation
Particularist orientation and informal social control
Insider/outsider ethic
Notions of reciprocity
Legal context
Roles of government, the media and stakeholders
Let’s look at some examples of specific cultural contexts.
[SO]
There are three approaches to CSR:
Global approach: Where headquarters demands for global consistency prevail over local concerns. This rests on the universal standard assumption that the norms and values of particular society are the same.
The benefits are the establishment of clear rules of behaviour, increased leadership trust, a culture of responsibility and global consistency in managerial decision making and behaviour.
The disadvantages are cultural arrogance “how things are done in headquarters rules”. Some managers may use these to legitimise actions that are detrimental to the interests of local stakeholders.
Local approach: Organisations implement a local approach to behave in a socially desirable manner for each country they conduct operations in. The benefit is a greater response to local needs and concerns. However, it can promote a naïve form of ethical relativism meaning that there is little understanding of the broader ethical considerations.
Transnational approach strives to balance the need for global consistency and the need for local responsiveness. The challenge is it is often difficult to balance global and local needs – a need to identify and understand both local and global realities. This approach takes a broad view of ethics taking into account cultural similarities and differences.
Moral universalism suggests the need for a moral standard that is accepted by all cultures. With the ethnocentric approach, a company applies the morality used in the home country—regardless of the host country’s system of ethics. With ethical relativism, the company adopts the local moral code of the country in which it is operating.
Whereas some argue moral that universalism is preferable to the other two approaches, it can be insensitive to the needs and values of the host country. Ethical relativism, on the other hand can result in conflicts between home and host country values.
As discussed in Chapter 1, China is very attractive to foreign manufacturers and other firms. It’s now the world’s third largest manufacturer after the US and Japan. Growth in higher-skilled jobs is occurring as well.
Questionable behavior can be a “slippery slope.” What starts with a small bribe or cover-up—a matter of personal ethics– can, over time, and in the aggregate of many people covering up, result in a situation of a truly negligent, and perhaps criminal, stance toward social responsibility.
When considering the management of global interdependence, it is necessary to highlight not only US subsidiaries in foreign countries, but also foreign subsidiaries in the US.
Because FDI in the US is increasing, Americans are becoming more sensitive to what they perceive as a lack of control over their own country’s business.
In Japan, CSR traditionally means taking care of employees. In the US, it often means sharing responsibility for the community. One reason for this difference is that US companies get tax deductions for corporate philanthropy, whereas Japanese companies do not. To date, many Japanese firms in the US have not been active in US philanthropy. Sadahei Kusumoto, CEO of Minolta Corporation, believes that, in the long run, failure to play an active role in the community will brand Japanese (or other) companies as irresponsible outsiders and hurt their prospects for the future. Kusumoto recognizes interdependence in globalization and acts accordingly.
The goal of managing interdependence is to create cooperation, rather than confrontation. The goal is not to create the dependence of an organization or country on another.