2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
3. Vad är ett mönster?
Mönster är generella lösningar på vanligt
förekommande problem.
För arkitektur: Alexander et al. 1977:
”Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over and
over again in our environment, and then describes the core of a
solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use this solution
a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice.”
4. A place to wait
(exempel från Alexander
et al. (1977))
…in any office, or workshop, or public
service, or station, or clinic, where
people have to wait – Interchange (34),
Health Center (47), Small Services
without Red Tape (81), Office
Connections (82), it is essential to
provide a special place for waiting, and
doubly essential that this place not
have the sordid, enclosed, time-slowed
character of ordinary waiting rooms.
5. Olika typer av mönster
Analys-mönster
Beskriver koncept som är
viktiga för att modellera
krav.
Arkitekturiella mönster
Beskriver hur de större
komponenterna i ett system
är strukturerade i förhållande
till varandra.
Design-mönster
Beskriver struktur och
interaktion mellan mindre
komponenter i koden.
Anti-mönster
Hur man inte bör göra –
lösningar som visat sig vara
olämpliga på olika sätt.
6. Designmönster
Designmönster beskrivs strukturerat. Mallarna för dessa varierar
lite beroende på varifrån de kommer. Generellt bör en beskrivning
av ett mönster innehålla:
– Namn
– Problembeskrivning
– Kontext
– Krafter/Forces
– Lösning
7. Olika typer av designmönster
Creational patterns – skapa instansobjekt
Structural patterns – design av klasser och relationer
Behavioural patterns – kommunikationsmönster mellan
objekt
Ursprung i GoF:s Software Patterns
10. Datastrukturer
Information i ett modern datorsystem är i grunden
representerat av en serie binära tal (1/0, sant/falskt,
etc).
Vi behöver ordna och tolka dessa binära tal för att
kunna representera olika former av data. Vi kallar
dessa representationer för datastrukturer.
11. Först och främst! Python...
I Python är alla datatyper och datastrukturer
egentligen objekt. För vårt vidkommande kan vi dock
bortse från det.
12. Objekt
Objekt är data i minnet som refereras av en pekare
eller en referens. Detta kan vara enkla variabler, men
även komplicerade datastrukturer eller funktioner.
I dagligt tal är objekt data som ordnas enligt ett givet
mönster. Hos klassobjekt bestäms denna ordning av
dess klassdeklaration.
13. Datastrukturer
Vi delar upp datastrukturer i primitiva och abstrakta
datatyper.
Primitiva datatyper är datatyper som (generellt sett)
tar upp en minnesplats.
Abstrakta datatyper tar upp två eller fler
minnesplatser.
15. Atomära datastrukturer
Med annat namn: primitiver
Enkla datarepresentationer som ryms i en minnescell
(vanligtvis 4 eller 8 bytes). Kan i en del fall ta upp flera
minnesceller, beroende på vilket språk som används.
Alla primitiver är egentligen samma sak: binära
talsekvenser. Det enda som skiljer dem åt är hur vi
väljer att tolka och använda dem.
16. Heltal – integers
Heltal (eng. Integer) är naturliga tal (exempelvis 42, 0, -
13). En helt grundläggande datatyp som kan användas
för att representera de flesta andra datatyper.
I Python: int
>>> type(43)
<class 'int'>
17. Booleska värden – booleans
En datatyp som kan anta två värden: sant eller falskt.
Representeras i många språk av 0 för sant, -1 för falskt. I
Python är de uppräknade värden (se nästa bild).
I Python: bool
>>> type(True)
<class 'bool'>
18. Uppräkningstyper – enums
Uppräkningstyper är heltal kopplade till en
uppsättning namn. Detta kan användas till att
representera exempelvis en färgpalett eller liknande.
19. Flyttal – float
Flyttal (eng. Float) är decimaltal. De representeras
som produkten av två heltal: signifikanden (eller
mantissan) och exponenten.
I Python: float
>>> type(3.14)
<class 'float'>
20. Tecken – characters
Tecken (eng. Character eller Char) är ett binärt heltal som
representerar ett tecken i en teckenuppsättning. Den nu
vanligaste teckenuppsättningen är Unicode.
I Python:
>>> chr(2354)
'ल'
21. Referenser
Referenser är platser i
minnet som pekar på
objekt. Dessa kan ses
som “namn” på objekt.
Därför kan flera
referenser peka på
samma objekt.
Objektet
Johan
(en referens)
ac8647
(en referens)
Gamling
(en referens)
22. Referenser, forts
Referenser kan pekas
om till nya objekt. Detta
gör att samma referens
kan referera till olika
objekt i olika stadier av
dess livslängd.
>>> a = [0]
>>> b = a
>>> print(b)
[0]
>>> b.append(2)
>>> print(a)
[0, 2]
>>> a = []
>>> print(b)
[0, 2]
24. Abstrakta datatyper
Mer avancerade datarepresentationer som tar upp
flera minnesceller. Dessa kallas allmänt för
datastrukturer.
Alla typer av abstrakt sammansatta data är egentligen
samma sak: sekventiellt ordnade primitiver. Det enda
som skiljer dem åt är hur vi väljer att tolka och
använda dem.
25. Vektorer (arrays)
En vektor (eng. Array) är en ordnad, sekventiellt lagrad lista av
objekt. Varje värde i vektorn är indexerbart.
Tvådimensionella vektorer kallas ofta för matriser.
I Python saknas egentligen vektorer, men motsvaras av listor:
>>> a = [1,2,4,8]
>>> a[2]
4
26. Strängar
Ett specialfall av vektorn är strängarna (eng. String).
Dessa är vektorer av tecken. Således har strängar
samma egenskaper vektorer, vilket innebär att varje
tecken i strängen är identifierbar med hjälp av ett index.
I Python och många andra språk är String en klass
med en massa trevliga metoder som vi kan använda
för att manipulera strängen.
27. Listor
Listor är precis som vektorer sekventiellt ordnade
objekt, men med skillnaden att dessa objekt har en
relation till sina grannar. Den enklaste listtypen är den
länkade listan, där en nod består av en primitiv följd
av en referens till nästa nod i listan.
28. Grafer
Grafer är, precis som listor, datastrukturer där de
ingående objekten, noderna, har relationer till varandra.
Relationerna, som anger grannar (och oftast har en
riktning) kallas för bågar (eng. edges). Ett exempel på
grafer är de tillståndsdiagram som vi arbetat med i
kursen.
Grafer är bra för att representera relationer mellan
objekt.
29. Träd
Träd är, precis som grafer, datastrukturer där de
ingående objekten, noderna, har relationer till varandra.
Till skillnad från graferna har bågarna i ett träd alltid
enbart en riktning, utgåendes från rotnoden. Varje gren i
trädet är i sig ett träd.
Träd kan, om de är sorterade, göra sökningar väldigt
effektiva. Dessa trän kallas då för sökträd. Exempel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TQIOXHGKuM
30. Associativa vektorer
En associativ vektor (eng. Associative array eller Map) är en samling
objekt, benämnda värden, där varje värde identifieras med en nyckel.
I Python motsvaras detta av dictionary. Exempel:
>>> cat = {
... "name": "Zorro",
... "age": 7
... }
>>> print(cat["name"])
Zorro
31. Hashmaps
Ett exempel på en associativ vektor är hashmap, där
varje värde representeras av ett heltal, ungefär som i
en vektor. Detta heltal är en hash, vilket innebär att
det räknas ut baserat på egenskaperna hos det objekt
det representerar. Den underliggande datastrukturen
är ofta ett sökträd.
32. Köer
En kö (eng. Queue) är
en sekventiellt ordnad
datastruktur, i vilken
insättningar och uttag
sker i ordningen först in,
först ut.
33. Stackar
En stack (eng. Stack) är
precis som kön en sekventiellt
ordnad datastruktur, men där
insättningar och uttag sker
enligt principen sist in, först
ut.
I Python finns denna
funktionalitet inbakad direkt i
listorna:
>>> a = [1,2,4,8]
>>> a.append(16)
>>> print(a)
[1, 2, 4, 8, 16]
>>> a.pop()
16
>>> print(a)
[1, 2, 4, 8]