5. II
ABSTRACT
The Michelson interference system incorporating a microscope was
developed to measure the step height in sub-micrometer scale. It
constructs mainly not amplitude but phase portraits of micro-objects.
Application of phase-shift interference for measurement in flatness is
common. However, it is not easy to carry on for measuring the step height
in sub-micrometer scale. Associating with the computer imaging
processing system, both the Four-Frame Technique and the Modulation
Interference Microscopy (MIM) were used to reconstruct the phase height
of the object. The techniques and results from both methods were
compared with each other. Also the results from both methods were
compared with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and AFM (Atomic
Force Microscope). The results show the resolution of the phase-shift
interference method is influenced by the diffraction effect and the
Rayleigh limit is applied in lateral measurement, but in vertical
measurement the resolution of this method is not bounded by the
Rayleigh limit.
76. 64
當使用相臨二點來決定斜率時,可能會面臨如下的問題。如圖
4-33 所示,在相位 xi 處的光強度範圍為 A 到 C,而相位 xi+1 處的光強
度範圍為 B 到 D。理論上,二點間的斜率應由點 E 與點 F 決定,但在
動態雜訊的影響下,所計算的可能是 AD 甚至 CB 的斜率,如此產生的
誤差可能非常可觀,尤其是 xi 點與 xi+1 點相臨很近時,更是明顯。理
論上採用 MIM 的方法來決定相位時,相位移量愈小,所得到的結果應
愈精確,但由於受到的動態雜訊太大,使得相位移量愈小,相對的光
強度的變化率愈易受到雜訊的影響,但若位移量過大,則又無法準確
呈現待測物的相位。
圖 4-33 相臨二點光強度範圍
如同 MIM 所述,在進行相位量測時,所面臨的不只有靜態雜訊,
亦包含著動態的雜訊。由於受到隨機誤差的影響,因此量測到的光強
度呈現寬帶形式,而寬帶尺寸由雜訊/信號來決定,光強度愈大(訊
I
xi xi+1
A
E
C
B
F
D
86. 74
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