The document discusses Royal Aero GmbH, a company that provides engine management services including an engine modelling and reporting system called MIDASTM and a severity assessment program called SeverityTM. MIDASTM allows users to project engine maintenance requirements, costs, and reserves on a fleet-wide basis. SeverityTM incorporates operational data to more accurately assess how factors like operating environment and flight hours impact engine life. The systems aim to help lessors and asset managers forecast maintenance needs and calculate reserves.

1. Engine management
E n g i n e M a n a g e m e n t
P l a t f o r m
&
A s s e s s m e n t
P r o g r a m m e
Jeremy Edwards
Recognising the specific needs of asset owners, lessors
and managers to forecast, assess, and provide for on a
fleet-wide basis, as well as to model individual lease
economics, maintenance events and calculate reserve
levels, Royal Aero has developed a modelling and
reporting system designed to address these critical
requirements. Using data gathered from a wide range of
operators, environments and geographies across all major
Western manufacturers and popular models, Royal Aero
provides performance statistics enabling users to avail of
historic empirical data and combine these with user
defined adjustments or calibrations.

3. MIDASTM
Engine Management Platform
&
SEVERITYTM
Assessment Programme
Rev.03/2015

4. Who we are
Royal Aero GmbH, provides specialist
technical, equipment, and spare parts
support to commercial aircraft engine
owners, lessors, and operators. Founded in
2001 and based in Miesbach, near Munich
in Germany, Royal Aero draws on its
position as a supplier of whole engines,
spare parts and technical consultancy
services to the world’s leading MRO’s,
airlines, and leasing companies. With
strong financial backing from its
shareholders and core relationship banks,
Royal Aero also offers bespoke financial
solutions and structures to meet short,
medium and long term requirements.
Royal Aero provides both advisory and
material support to many of the world
market leasing companies, financiers, and
operators of commercial aircraft. Our
customers include AerCap, Avolon, CIT,
Guggenheim Aviation Partners, ILFC,
SMBC, Lufthansa, KLM, Air France and
Bank of America.
The Technical Consultancy business has
been in operation since 2005 and provides
bespoke advisory services to owners,
investors and operators of all Western-
made, commercial aircraft engines.
Whilst our customer base includes many
leading international airlines, the core of
our business, and the largest in terms of
number and dollar value, are leasing
companies and investors in aircraft. Their
focus on asset value optimisation differs
from the perspective of airlines which
emphasises operating yields, safety and
operational efficiency. The lessor and
financing community must offer its
customers these advantages but will also
have a mind for maximising values and
consequently, technical condition and
associated financial provision. This is a
particularly challenging field given the
variety of operations, markets, and
environments to which lessors of
commercial jet aircraft are exposed.
Royal Aero aims to provide its customer
with a one-stop service for all their advisory
and technical consultancy requirements.
We believe a key differentiator between
Royal Aero and other technical advisory
providers is our focus on, and research
and investment in, the design,
development and management of
bespoke systems for projecting and
managing maintenance requirements,

5. costs and reserves on a fleet wide basis.
These systems are designed to provide
both high level and bottom-up analyses,
and to provide fast, accurate and
customisable reporting, planning and
scenario modelling as well as facilitating
event supervision and management.
Recognising the specific needs of lessors
to forecast, assess, and provide for on a
fleet-wide basis, as well as to model
individual lease economics, maintenance
events and calculate reserve levels, Royal
Aero has developed a modelling and
reporting system designed to address
these critical requirements called MIDAS™.
A central feature of the software is the
ability to project, analyse, and report in
both technical and financial terms, the
expected maintenance profile of the fleet,
units, operators, and equipment types,
among others.
Further, it is designed to accommodate
sub-sets, facilitating analyses of individual
assets.
Powerplant operational life and
maintenance costs are substantially
impacted upon by both sector length and
operating environment. Severity™
incorporates empirical performance data
gathered from a wide range of operators,
environments and geographies across all
major Western manufacturers and popular
models. Utilising this information Royal
Aero is able to more accurately interpret
the relationship between these
elements. This greatly aids in the
establishment of appropriate
maintenance reserve accrual rates and in
predicting an engines lease end condition
using the Severity™ scenario modelling
application.
Drawing on our experience of airline and
lessor operations and technical
requirements, with the aim of providing a
comprehensive, versatile and practical
management system, Royal Aero has
developed its proprietary platform and
technical management software system
for lessors and aircraft investors.

6. What do MIDASTM
and SeverityTM
offer lessors and asset
managers?
Together MIDASTM and SeverityTM offer the leasing community a 360 degree, holistic technical
management system combining financial and technical analysis and reporting.
Scenario-based
modelling
Giving average time on wing, shop visit costs and maintenance
reserve rates
Assessment of possible impact key variables can have on technical
and financial predictions. Variables include hour to cycle ratio; de-
rate; and environmental conditions such as outside air
temperature, environmental debris and pollution
Quick engine set up facility for projection of engine life cycle and
costs
Modelling next expected removal dates
Review LLP status at the predicted future removal date
Workscope scenario testing
Data and analyses
Assess fleet wide as well as unit level technical and commercial
data
Ability to see current status of any engine in the fleet
Ability to update hours and cycles, and reserve rates or totals or
project forward if not available
View times and cycles since last shop visit
Printable LLP status of any engine in the fleet
Event forecasting and
management
Prediction of maintenance costs using historic shop visit data and
manufacturer price lists
Ability to estimate next shop visit cost with price escalation to date
of removal
Ability to estimate LLP replacement costs at next shop visit with price
escalation to date of removal
View the LLP stack value either currently or at any point in the future
Lease economics and
reserves calculation
Ability to see the build-up of reserves over time and monitor against
expected shop visit cost
Reserve escalation schedule can be included to give accurate
fund values at future dates
Lease end financial compensation calculator
Enables fleet, customer, and unit planning and reserve forecasting
Residual reserve forecasting based on modular reserve sub-funds
Standard Parameters
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Virus filtering via Avira Security
Single sign-on capability via Sign In application
Client Support
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Self-service document restore with a 30-day Recycle Bin recovery
period

7. Replacing the ambiguity
and danger of
uncontrolled multiple
legacy solutions with a
regulated single source
system.
The validity and accuracy of data
sourced, reviewed and selected for use in
MIDASTM and SeverityTM are critical to the
integrity of the data output. Data
collection and inclusion adheres to Royal
Aero’s internal data profiling and
validation management procedures set
up to monitor and manage data quality.
MIDASTM and SeverityTM both present
information, from a single stable platform,
to clients in a clear, concise manner and
offering complete visibility. This contrasts
with the multiple analysis tools used daily
by asset owners, lessors and managers as
part of various decision making processes
to analyse, evaluate and forecast
potential transactions prior to execution.
These legacy tools are referred to, by
information services providers, as shadow
systems. This term is used to describe any
application relied upon for business
processes that is not under the jurisdiction
of, or supported by, a centralised
information systems department.
Popular examples of shadow systems
include small scale databases and
spreadsheets developed for, and used by,
the end user. These are quick and cheap
to develop and may meet the need of a
specific project. However, these systems
are untested and unstable which may
result in poor quality data output if used
unchecked for a sustained period.
A lack of visibility due to the unique design
of each system can hinder rigorous
assessment. Therefore, the quality of
analysis and the results produced cannot
be ensured which can result in the client
being placed at risk of making erroneous
business decisions and open to future
critical scrutiny and the further risk of
severe audit findings and fines.
MIDASTM and SeverityTM offer clients both
the flexibility to use internal systems,
through its data export function for
specific projects and the assurance that
the data at point of use is relevant,
accurate, current and retrievable at a
future date. This platform provides clients
with the datum from which to begin their
calculations.

8. Forecasting
Royal Aero is equipped to provide a fleet
tracking management service. This
consists of three key elements, the first of
which is fleet hour and cycle data update,
verification and entry. Taking the regular
data provided by a client’s lessees we can
populate our premier asset management
platform, MIDAS™, to ensure that any fleet
assessments provided are up-to-date and
current.
The second element is fleet maintenance.
Royal assesses relevant asset operational
and historical data and input the current
status and event history. From this data
Royal Aero is responsible for determining
and generating the life cycle of each
asset in MIDAS™ including anticipated
shop visits, shop visit costs, and LLP
replacements as well as looking at the
anticipated reserve funds and any
shortfall. All this information is made
available to clients on-line. Royal
maintains the data, providing clients with
the ability to view online or to print fleet or
individual asset status reports which
includes the commercial value of LLP life
remaining and cash flow forecasting.
The third key element is the management
software upkeep itself as well as the
generic data. This is necessary in order to
provide clients with accurate projections,
LLP values and engine life cycle
forecasting, enabling business decisions to
be made quickly based on current data
made available anywhere with an internet
connection. Royal Aero’s MIDAS™
platform is coupled with its Severity™
programme which is capable of
predicting how long different engine types
and marques can operate on wing in all
environments and hour to cycle ratios. This
is also linked with TIC.ER™, a powerful in
house invoice analysis tool, which is used
to find invoicing errors, identify correct
qualifying event payments and exclusions
as well as being an important data source
for assessing the cost of future shop visits
and workscopes.

9. Fleet status reporting
Fleet status reports can be filtered by
operator or asset type, providing our
clients with a single line description per
asset which includes the following
information:
• Current engine status
• First LLP limiter
• Date of last update
• Hours and cycles since last major
shop visit
• Hours since rework of the major
modules themselves
• Next predicted removal date
• Expected reason for removal
• Effect on the reserves to check for
shortfalls
• The expected LLP limiter, post the
shop visit.
Fleet status and event information is
discussed at regular meetings at an
interval convenient to our clients.
However, since upcoming events are
available online, these can be discussed
with the responsible engineer while
simultaneously reviewing the same data in
different locations.
Engine removal
As well as being one of the major areas of
Royal Aero's expertise, engine removals
and shop visit management are an
important data mining source for the
client. Removals need to be considered
on an individual basis i.e. specific to an
engine serial number, and also on a fleet
wide basis for the purpose of enhancing
future decision making resources.
Removal forecasting
Engine removal forecasting is managed
using MIDAS™ which is available on-line to
clients. MIDAS™ provides specific
information about the status of engines in
the fleet such as the LLP's fitted, historical
removal reasons and times, cycles and
workscopes at last removal of modules
and engines. MIDAS™ can be used to run
workscope and life cycle scenarios based
on LLP's replaced or time on wing in
different operational environments.
The data is current and accessible
worldwide through Royal Aero’s website.
A client can always see when an engine

10. was last removed, for what reason,
determine the cost of the shop visit and
the workscope applied through MIDAS™.
Clients also have instant visibility of
impending shop visits and upcoming
maintenance reserve claims. This is clearly
displayed for the client using a simple
colour coded fleet view in MIDAS™. On a
single screen all assets within the last 25%
and 10% of their expected life on wing are
highlighted, requiring client action.
Categorisation
At a frequency agreed with the client,
Royal Aero will provide the following:
• Status of each engine by customer
• Next removal date
• Expected shop visit cost
• Expected LLP replacements
• Recommendations on workscopes
for upcoming shop visits
• Warranty considerations for
upcoming shop visits
• Cost against maintenance reserves
if applicable
• Data on engines which are in or
have been through rework
• Key Performance Indicators (KPI's)
of on-going projects

12. Maxlrainer Strasse 12 // 83714 Miesbach // Germany