The document discusses women's roles and education in mid-20th century Japan. Women were typically raised to take care of the home and family, often receiving only a primary school education. They were expected to focus on skills like cooking, cleaning, and childcare in preparation for marriage and motherhood. Once married, women were usually responsible for all domestic duties while adhering to traditional standards of modesty and obedience. Though social norms are changing, aspects of Japan's patriarchal culture remain influential today.
The short story "Wedding Dance" by Amador Daguio is about a husband named Awiyao who marries a second wife named Madulimay after being married to his first wife Lumnay for 7 years without having a child. Lumnay is heartbroken by Awiyao's new marriage, as she still loves him, but their culture dictates that a man needs a son to carry on his legacy. The story explores the conflict between personal feelings and cultural traditions through the lens of the main characters Lumnay and Awiyao.
The three summaries are:
1. The Wedding Dance tells the story of Lumnay and Awiyao, a couple in a Cordillera tribe, who are forced to separate due to cultural traditions when Lumnay is unable to bear children after 7 years of marriage. Their personal love conflicts with obligations to their culture, and in the end cultural traditions take precedence over their relationship.
2. Distance to Andromeda follows two boys, Ben and Pepe, as they watch a film about survivors traveling through space to find a new home. The film stays with Ben and influences his view that life is a journey with departures and arrivals.
3. May Day Eve spans three generations and
The story is about a couple named Lumnay and Awiayo who were in a long-term relationship according to tribal law. However, after many years they did not have any children, which was against the law. As a result, Awiayo had to seek another woman named Madulimay to marry and have a child with. At the wedding dance before the last dance, Awiayo spoke to Lumnay, then continued dancing with Madulimay. After witnessing this, Lumnay left the tribe to live alone in the mountains.
The document summarizes the short story "Scent of Apples" by Bienvenido Santos. It introduces the main characters Mr. Santos, Celestino Fabia, his wife Ruth, and son Roger. Mr. Santos meets Mr. Fabia after giving a lecture in Kalamazoo, Michigan during World War 2. Mr. Fabia invites Mr. Santos to his farm, where they have a long journey discussing Mr. Fabia's past in the Philippines. At the farm house, Mr. Santos sees signs of Mr. Fabia's nostalgia for the Philippines through Ruth's hospitality and a picture hanging on the wall. The story depicts the lives of Filipinos living abroad who cannot return home.
Clothes of the Ancestors (Resilients) by Photographer Joana Choumalimaditabalnco
Joana Choumali photographs modern African women wearing the traditional clothes of their ancestors' tribes in an effort to celebrate African cultural heritage and redefine what it means to be African. Choumali finds her subjects in Abidjan and has them wear outfits from their grandmothers or other older female relatives, connecting them to their cultural roots. The portraits highlight the rich diversity of African tribes and cultures in danger of being forgotten.
Reg Priestley was born in 1924 in London to parents who were both 30 years old. His mother Nell was from a large family and had worked as a domestic servant before marriage. She was a strict but humorous disciplinarian who did not wear cosmetics or get her hair done professionally. Reg had an unusual childhood relationship with his mentally disabled Uncle Fred, who was resident in an asylum but saw Reg and his mother as trusted visitors.
The document describes life in a village when the grandmother was young:
- They did not have a television and did not watch TV in the evenings.
- They also did not own a car.
- In the evenings, they would sit and chat or listen to the radio, as television was not available.
The document summarizes stories from The Joy Luck Club. It provides details about several stories told by different characters:
- Jing-mei Woo is taking her mother's place in the Joy Luck Club after her death and learns she didn't fully know her mother.
- An-Mei Hsu's story involves her mother becoming a ghost and family traditions around respecting ancestors.
- Lindo Jong's story is about her arranged marriage and how she gains independence.
It then summarizes additional stories and details about the characters and their families.
The short story "Wedding Dance" by Amador Daguio is about a husband named Awiyao who marries a second wife named Madulimay after being married to his first wife Lumnay for 7 years without having a child. Lumnay is heartbroken by Awiyao's new marriage, as she still loves him, but their culture dictates that a man needs a son to carry on his legacy. The story explores the conflict between personal feelings and cultural traditions through the lens of the main characters Lumnay and Awiyao.
The three summaries are:
1. The Wedding Dance tells the story of Lumnay and Awiyao, a couple in a Cordillera tribe, who are forced to separate due to cultural traditions when Lumnay is unable to bear children after 7 years of marriage. Their personal love conflicts with obligations to their culture, and in the end cultural traditions take precedence over their relationship.
2. Distance to Andromeda follows two boys, Ben and Pepe, as they watch a film about survivors traveling through space to find a new home. The film stays with Ben and influences his view that life is a journey with departures and arrivals.
3. May Day Eve spans three generations and
The story is about a couple named Lumnay and Awiayo who were in a long-term relationship according to tribal law. However, after many years they did not have any children, which was against the law. As a result, Awiayo had to seek another woman named Madulimay to marry and have a child with. At the wedding dance before the last dance, Awiayo spoke to Lumnay, then continued dancing with Madulimay. After witnessing this, Lumnay left the tribe to live alone in the mountains.
The document summarizes the short story "Scent of Apples" by Bienvenido Santos. It introduces the main characters Mr. Santos, Celestino Fabia, his wife Ruth, and son Roger. Mr. Santos meets Mr. Fabia after giving a lecture in Kalamazoo, Michigan during World War 2. Mr. Fabia invites Mr. Santos to his farm, where they have a long journey discussing Mr. Fabia's past in the Philippines. At the farm house, Mr. Santos sees signs of Mr. Fabia's nostalgia for the Philippines through Ruth's hospitality and a picture hanging on the wall. The story depicts the lives of Filipinos living abroad who cannot return home.
Clothes of the Ancestors (Resilients) by Photographer Joana Choumalimaditabalnco
Joana Choumali photographs modern African women wearing the traditional clothes of their ancestors' tribes in an effort to celebrate African cultural heritage and redefine what it means to be African. Choumali finds her subjects in Abidjan and has them wear outfits from their grandmothers or other older female relatives, connecting them to their cultural roots. The portraits highlight the rich diversity of African tribes and cultures in danger of being forgotten.
Reg Priestley was born in 1924 in London to parents who were both 30 years old. His mother Nell was from a large family and had worked as a domestic servant before marriage. She was a strict but humorous disciplinarian who did not wear cosmetics or get her hair done professionally. Reg had an unusual childhood relationship with his mentally disabled Uncle Fred, who was resident in an asylum but saw Reg and his mother as trusted visitors.
The document describes life in a village when the grandmother was young:
- They did not have a television and did not watch TV in the evenings.
- They also did not own a car.
- In the evenings, they would sit and chat or listen to the radio, as television was not available.
The document summarizes stories from The Joy Luck Club. It provides details about several stories told by different characters:
- Jing-mei Woo is taking her mother's place in the Joy Luck Club after her death and learns she didn't fully know her mother.
- An-Mei Hsu's story involves her mother becoming a ghost and family traditions around respecting ancestors.
- Lindo Jong's story is about her arranged marriage and how she gains independence.
It then summarizes additional stories and details about the characters and their families.
Social Media is not a Side Dish. This presentation for HTCE is specifically aimed at addressing the hurdles that established organisations face when incorporating social media into their marketing mix.
The document summarizes a presentation on fraud and corruption given by various speakers. It discusses trends in fraud due to the current financial crisis, including types of financial misrepresentation and data theft being seen. It also covers how the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act affects UK businesses through its anti-bribery provisions and jurisdiction.
Este documento describe una escuela secundaria pública en Puebla, México. La escuela tiene 8 grupos de estudiantes, una biblioteca/salón de computación combinados, y un patio de recreo. Los salones tienen pizarrón, escritorios y butacas para los estudiantes. La escuela tiene personal directivo, docente, administrativo e de intendencia. El documento también discute el contexto social de la escuela y las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia sus estudios.
This document provides a recipe for a peanut butter and strawberry jam sandwich along with instructions on how to make it. It also shares the results of a survey about what spreads go best with peanut butter, with strawberry jam being the most popular choice. Lastly, it lists some occasions when this sandwich would be enjoyed, such as school lunches, birthday parties, and picnics.
La tecnología de alimentos es una carrera fundamental en la región del Pacífico colombiano debido a la gran variedad de materias primas disponibles, y el Sena busca formar estudiantes para producir alimentos de alta calidad mediante el uso eficiente de herramientas, buenas prácticas de manufactura, y tecnología para satisfacer a los consumidores.
La Escuela Secundaria General "Hermanos Serdán" cuenta con 8 grupos y está ubicada cerca del centro de Puebla. La escuela consta de salones de clase con pizarrón, escritorios y butacas, una biblioteca/salón de cómputo y una plaza cívica. El personal de la escuela incluye directivos, docentes, prefectos, secretarias e intendentes que trabajan juntos para el buen funcionamiento de la escuela. El contexto social influye en el trabajo de la escuela debido a que se encuentra en una z
1) After Japan opened up to Western cultures in 1868 during the Meiji era, it rapidly modernized and recreated itself as a modern nation. Western literature, education, and philosophies were introduced and changed people's ways of thinking.
2) Victorian British literature became popular in Japan during this time, as the two societies shared similarities around rigid social structures and repression. Stories like Alice in Wonderland appealed to Japanese audiences.
3) Alice in Wonderland represented an escape from strict Victorian social norms for women and children. It was popular in Japan as youth faced pressure to conform and lacked freedom. Elements from the story saturated Japanese media and pop culture.
The document discusses Japan's cultural exchange with Britain during the Meiji era, as each country found the other's culture exotic. It notes how Victorian-era British girls' stories like Little Women were translated and popular among Japanese audiences. Victorian Britain had a rigid social structure but also advances in many fields. Japan's representations of Victorian Britain explore fantasy rather than realism. The document also examines how translated works educated Japanese girls on ideals of womanhood and motherhood. It discusses various Japanese media retellings and reimaginings of Alice in Wonderland, and how the story provides escapism for Japanese youth facing academic pressure.
In a series of 9 slides, I have presented and disproved several myths and misconceptions about Medieval-age women living in Japan.
The basis for my misconceptions were the words of my classmates. I took their notions of Japanese women and found out the truth.
Ancient Japan began when people migrated from Asia to islands that later became Japan. Society was orderly and women had equal status to men. Families lived in wooden homes and ate fish, game and plants. Family life involved shared chores rather than abuse. Marriage was usually arranged, divorces were uncommon, and women married primarily for security rather than love. Religion centered around wooden temples where people worshipped gods. Childhood involved chores, play, and mild punishment. There were no schools initially; people learned from family and friends. Traditional clothing and valued music continued from ancient times.
Ancient Japan saw many changes over time. The Jomon period began pottery making before agriculture, while the Yayoi period brought the beginnings of Shinto religion. By 57 CE writing and political systems had not developed yet. The Kofun period was characterized by illiterate rulers, some of whom were female. Contact with Korea led to adopting Chinese characters for writing and an influx of foreign craftspeople, though alliances later crumbled. By 710 CE, Empress Koken was the last female ruler in Japan.
Ancient Japan saw many changes over time. The Jomon period began pottery making before agriculture, while the Yayoi period brought the beginnings of Shinto religion. By 57 CE writing and political systems had not developed yet. Empress Koken was the last female ruler in 710 CE, ending a period where females commonly ruled. Cultural influences from China were adopted over time, including Chinese characters for writing.
This document provides an overview of ancient Japanese history and culture from 12,000 BC to 1185 CE. It describes the major time periods and notes developments like the introduction of rice farming and the rise of social classes including samurai warriors, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Key aspects of ancient Japanese society are summarized like housing, food, family and gender roles, marriage customs, education, religion, clothing, art, music, and changes over time. Pictures and sources are provided to support the information presented.
Ancient Japan has a long history dating back 14,000 years. Society was stratified with Emperors, nobility, samurai, and farmers. Families and clans formed the basic social unit. Housing and clothing styles evolved over time incorporating influences from China and Southeast Asia. Shinto and Buddhism were the main religions.
Ancient Japan has a long history dating back 14,000 years. Society was stratified with Emperors, nobility, samurai, and farmers. Cultural influences came from China, including architecture, art, religion, and the writing system. Family and agriculture were central to people's lives. Key periods included the Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, Asuka, Nara, and Heian periods.
Spirit of japan 3-1-4 nakae toju v12(women edu, yukichi fukuzawa) (1)Clyde Unno
1. The document discusses the history of women's education in Japan from the Edo period to the early Meiji period, including influential texts on educating women and changing social attitudes.
2. It summarizes Fukuzawa Yukichi's 1899 critiques of the influential 17th century text "Great Learning for Women," arguing for a new conception of women's education based on individualism and equality rather than Confucian family roles.
3. The document also outlines the conservative and progressive factions in the Edo and Meiji periods regarding women's education and social status, with Fukuzawa advocating for women's rights and independence based on Western models.
1) The document discusses the history of women's education in Japan from the Edo period through modern times. It describes various educational texts that were produced to teach women morality and Confucian principles.
2) It contrasts the progressive and conservative views on education during the Edo and Meiji periods. Progressives wanted to import Chinese philosophy, while conservatives emphasized Japanese thought.
3) The document focuses on Fukuzawa Yukichi's 1899 critiques of the traditional "Great Learning for Women," in which he argued for more egalitarian education between men and women.
Spirit of japan 3-1-4 nakae toju v11(women edu, yukichi fukuzawa)Clyde Unno
This document summarizes and critiques passages from a historical Japanese text called "Great Learning for Women". It discusses three main passages from that original text. The first passage describes how girls should be raised more strictly than boys. The second passage lists virtues expected of women. The third says boys and girls should sit separately from age 7. The document then analyzes and critiques each passage, arguing they promote unequal treatment of women based on outdated Confucian ideals. It claims the original text fails to recognize men and women should follow the same moral standards.
Essay on India for Students from Class 6 to 12 - Leverage Edu. Incredible India Essay, Article, Speech, Paragraph [With Images] - My .... Write a short essay on Our Country India | Essay | English - YouTube. Write an essay on Indian Culture | English | Essay Writing. Incredible Essay On India ~ Thatsnotus. Essays on South India | Exotic India Art. Essay on India | India Essay for Students and Children in English .... Essay On My India Is Great | PDF. Essay on India in English for all students 2023 / My Country. Write A Short Essay On Our Country India | Essay | English||Essay || 10 lin. Essay on India
Zitkála-Šá and Joy Harjo: Major Themes in Indigenous Literature in the United...Gabriela Moran
The document analyzes major themes in the works of Zitkála-Šá and Joy Harjo, two influential Indigenous authors in the United States. It discusses their exploration of nature, adaptation, family, and travel. For both authors, nature represents Indigenous peoples' deep connection to the land. They also portray the challenges of adapting to new environments while maintaining cultural identity. Family is depicted as providing emotional support despite societal changes. Travel serves as a metaphor for personal journeys and the displacement of Indigenous communities over time.
Social Media is not a Side Dish. This presentation for HTCE is specifically aimed at addressing the hurdles that established organisations face when incorporating social media into their marketing mix.
The document summarizes a presentation on fraud and corruption given by various speakers. It discusses trends in fraud due to the current financial crisis, including types of financial misrepresentation and data theft being seen. It also covers how the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act affects UK businesses through its anti-bribery provisions and jurisdiction.
Este documento describe una escuela secundaria pública en Puebla, México. La escuela tiene 8 grupos de estudiantes, una biblioteca/salón de computación combinados, y un patio de recreo. Los salones tienen pizarrón, escritorios y butacas para los estudiantes. La escuela tiene personal directivo, docente, administrativo e de intendencia. El documento también discute el contexto social de la escuela y las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia sus estudios.
This document provides a recipe for a peanut butter and strawberry jam sandwich along with instructions on how to make it. It also shares the results of a survey about what spreads go best with peanut butter, with strawberry jam being the most popular choice. Lastly, it lists some occasions when this sandwich would be enjoyed, such as school lunches, birthday parties, and picnics.
La tecnología de alimentos es una carrera fundamental en la región del Pacífico colombiano debido a la gran variedad de materias primas disponibles, y el Sena busca formar estudiantes para producir alimentos de alta calidad mediante el uso eficiente de herramientas, buenas prácticas de manufactura, y tecnología para satisfacer a los consumidores.
La Escuela Secundaria General "Hermanos Serdán" cuenta con 8 grupos y está ubicada cerca del centro de Puebla. La escuela consta de salones de clase con pizarrón, escritorios y butacas, una biblioteca/salón de cómputo y una plaza cívica. El personal de la escuela incluye directivos, docentes, prefectos, secretarias e intendentes que trabajan juntos para el buen funcionamiento de la escuela. El contexto social influye en el trabajo de la escuela debido a que se encuentra en una z
1) After Japan opened up to Western cultures in 1868 during the Meiji era, it rapidly modernized and recreated itself as a modern nation. Western literature, education, and philosophies were introduced and changed people's ways of thinking.
2) Victorian British literature became popular in Japan during this time, as the two societies shared similarities around rigid social structures and repression. Stories like Alice in Wonderland appealed to Japanese audiences.
3) Alice in Wonderland represented an escape from strict Victorian social norms for women and children. It was popular in Japan as youth faced pressure to conform and lacked freedom. Elements from the story saturated Japanese media and pop culture.
The document discusses Japan's cultural exchange with Britain during the Meiji era, as each country found the other's culture exotic. It notes how Victorian-era British girls' stories like Little Women were translated and popular among Japanese audiences. Victorian Britain had a rigid social structure but also advances in many fields. Japan's representations of Victorian Britain explore fantasy rather than realism. The document also examines how translated works educated Japanese girls on ideals of womanhood and motherhood. It discusses various Japanese media retellings and reimaginings of Alice in Wonderland, and how the story provides escapism for Japanese youth facing academic pressure.
In a series of 9 slides, I have presented and disproved several myths and misconceptions about Medieval-age women living in Japan.
The basis for my misconceptions were the words of my classmates. I took their notions of Japanese women and found out the truth.
Ancient Japan began when people migrated from Asia to islands that later became Japan. Society was orderly and women had equal status to men. Families lived in wooden homes and ate fish, game and plants. Family life involved shared chores rather than abuse. Marriage was usually arranged, divorces were uncommon, and women married primarily for security rather than love. Religion centered around wooden temples where people worshipped gods. Childhood involved chores, play, and mild punishment. There were no schools initially; people learned from family and friends. Traditional clothing and valued music continued from ancient times.
Ancient Japan saw many changes over time. The Jomon period began pottery making before agriculture, while the Yayoi period brought the beginnings of Shinto religion. By 57 CE writing and political systems had not developed yet. The Kofun period was characterized by illiterate rulers, some of whom were female. Contact with Korea led to adopting Chinese characters for writing and an influx of foreign craftspeople, though alliances later crumbled. By 710 CE, Empress Koken was the last female ruler in Japan.
Ancient Japan saw many changes over time. The Jomon period began pottery making before agriculture, while the Yayoi period brought the beginnings of Shinto religion. By 57 CE writing and political systems had not developed yet. Empress Koken was the last female ruler in 710 CE, ending a period where females commonly ruled. Cultural influences from China were adopted over time, including Chinese characters for writing.
This document provides an overview of ancient Japanese history and culture from 12,000 BC to 1185 CE. It describes the major time periods and notes developments like the introduction of rice farming and the rise of social classes including samurai warriors, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Key aspects of ancient Japanese society are summarized like housing, food, family and gender roles, marriage customs, education, religion, clothing, art, music, and changes over time. Pictures and sources are provided to support the information presented.
Ancient Japan has a long history dating back 14,000 years. Society was stratified with Emperors, nobility, samurai, and farmers. Families and clans formed the basic social unit. Housing and clothing styles evolved over time incorporating influences from China and Southeast Asia. Shinto and Buddhism were the main religions.
Ancient Japan has a long history dating back 14,000 years. Society was stratified with Emperors, nobility, samurai, and farmers. Cultural influences came from China, including architecture, art, religion, and the writing system. Family and agriculture were central to people's lives. Key periods included the Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, Asuka, Nara, and Heian periods.
Spirit of japan 3-1-4 nakae toju v12(women edu, yukichi fukuzawa) (1)Clyde Unno
1. The document discusses the history of women's education in Japan from the Edo period to the early Meiji period, including influential texts on educating women and changing social attitudes.
2. It summarizes Fukuzawa Yukichi's 1899 critiques of the influential 17th century text "Great Learning for Women," arguing for a new conception of women's education based on individualism and equality rather than Confucian family roles.
3. The document also outlines the conservative and progressive factions in the Edo and Meiji periods regarding women's education and social status, with Fukuzawa advocating for women's rights and independence based on Western models.
1) The document discusses the history of women's education in Japan from the Edo period through modern times. It describes various educational texts that were produced to teach women morality and Confucian principles.
2) It contrasts the progressive and conservative views on education during the Edo and Meiji periods. Progressives wanted to import Chinese philosophy, while conservatives emphasized Japanese thought.
3) The document focuses on Fukuzawa Yukichi's 1899 critiques of the traditional "Great Learning for Women," in which he argued for more egalitarian education between men and women.
Spirit of japan 3-1-4 nakae toju v11(women edu, yukichi fukuzawa)Clyde Unno
This document summarizes and critiques passages from a historical Japanese text called "Great Learning for Women". It discusses three main passages from that original text. The first passage describes how girls should be raised more strictly than boys. The second passage lists virtues expected of women. The third says boys and girls should sit separately from age 7. The document then analyzes and critiques each passage, arguing they promote unequal treatment of women based on outdated Confucian ideals. It claims the original text fails to recognize men and women should follow the same moral standards.
Essay on India for Students from Class 6 to 12 - Leverage Edu. Incredible India Essay, Article, Speech, Paragraph [With Images] - My .... Write a short essay on Our Country India | Essay | English - YouTube. Write an essay on Indian Culture | English | Essay Writing. Incredible Essay On India ~ Thatsnotus. Essays on South India | Exotic India Art. Essay on India | India Essay for Students and Children in English .... Essay On My India Is Great | PDF. Essay on India in English for all students 2023 / My Country. Write A Short Essay On Our Country India | Essay | English||Essay || 10 lin. Essay on India
Zitkála-Šá and Joy Harjo: Major Themes in Indigenous Literature in the United...Gabriela Moran
The document analyzes major themes in the works of Zitkála-Šá and Joy Harjo, two influential Indigenous authors in the United States. It discusses their exploration of nature, adaptation, family, and travel. For both authors, nature represents Indigenous peoples' deep connection to the land. They also portray the challenges of adapting to new environments while maintaining cultural identity. Family is depicted as providing emotional support despite societal changes. Travel serves as a metaphor for personal journeys and the displacement of Indigenous communities over time.
1. How Women in Japan are Raised and Their
Role in the Household
(Women’s Education and Marriage in Japan)
Mid 20th Century
Amy Newman
Women’s Studies
Midterm
October 17, 2012
2. Women in Japan, until recently, were raised to run their
future house holds
They are taught to cook and clean so that one day they can
care for their own family
Often times they did not pursue an education beyond High
School, or sometimes even Junior High
This way, they could begin life with a new family as soon
as possible
3. As seen in this marriage photo from the 1950’s the
women are meant to continue their roles as they always
have. The man is dressed in modern (1950’s modern)
western garb, while the woman is dressed in a traditional
Japanese wedding kimono. This suggest that while the
man of the family can move forward, the woman must
stay behind, as tradition dictates.
The photo also suggest that the couple is not very close,
despite the fact that they are now married. They keep
their distance and both their stiff faces and body
language suggest that they are not familiar with each
other. It is was not, and sometimes still isn’t, uncommon
for a woman to marry a man she barely knows (and vice
versa). Often times the families will set them up and
they will get married for convenience. While it’s not
impossible for them to be in love, or to care for one
another, the photo suggests that these people are still
getting around to that. In the meantime the man doesn’t
have to worry about his house, and future children, and
in turn he promises the woman security. This is the
normality just 60 years ago.
(http://www.japansubculture.com/young-japanese-men-and-women-reject-
marriage-and-ultimately-each-other/)
4. JAPAN BEFORE MEIJI
Before Japan opened itself up to the rest of the world in the
Meiji Era, not many foreigners traveled there. There aren’t
many western accounts from before the Meiji to give us a
fresh perspective on what people thought when they first
laid eyes on the culture of Japanese women. Woodblock
prints give us a look on what it may have been like in Japan
then and allow us to see what people did everyday.
5. The picture on the right is from the 1800’s, or the Edo
Period of Japan. It’s a moku hanga, or woodblock
print of a woman doing her laundry. Even today,
laundry is almost exclusively the woman’s job in
Japan.
The woman depicted in this picture is either doing her
laundry in the early morning, or late afternoon, as
depicted by the low hanging sun in the background.
This means she has probably had many other chores
to do throughout the day. Her sleeves and bottoms
are pushed up for work. Even though this could be
seen as a haphazard look, she still takes care to look
after her appearances. The cloth on her head protects
her fair skin from the sun as she works outside.
The woman’s poise is also very feminine. Her fingers
delicately hold the cloth. Her mouth is covered by her
hand as she laughs at the crab grabbing for her
laundry. Even though nobody is around, she still
remembers her manners and poise like they were
drilled into her.
Art by Utagawa Kuniyoshi, 1800’s
6. THE TEN REALMS
The next picture is another moku hanaga. As the title
says, it is showing the “Ten Realms within the body”.
It is a form of Ukiyo-e or a depiction of “The floating
world.” The woman in the picture is pregnant with
“the ten realms”. The ten spiritual realms are part of
the belief of some forms of Buddhism. They are the
ten ways a sentient being can experience life. Buddha
being in the highest realm, and hell being the lowest.
7. The woman on the right is heavily pregnant
with a child that could be born into any one of
the ten realms. The ten realms aren’t
necessarily an outward depiction, but rather
the condition of the inner self (i.e., a rapist
lives in one of the “Hell realms” while a holier
then thou monk is in one of the top four).
This child could be anything, it’s rich with
possibilities. No matter what realm this child
is born into, the moku hanaga shows that it’s
because of its mother that it is there. She gave
carried the weight of the ten realms and gave
birth to one. For centuries it has been the
responsibility that a woman bears children.
Art by Kuniteru Utagawa, 1885
It’s not just that it’s a woman’s ability to bear children, it is her job and most important responsibility
in many cultures. In Japan the children are almost entirely her responsibility. She must see that they
are brought up and into the world strong and healthy. If a woman is unable to carry out this duty then
she ultimately becomes useless as a wife and usually has to pursue other options. This makes the
ability to conceive a very important part of women’s lives during the time this was picture was made.
This fascinates and excites the woman as she points and smiles at her swollen tummy.
8. HINA MATSURI
A very important day in Japanese culture is Hina Matsuri, or
the Doll Festival, that takes place on the third day of the third
month of the year. This tradition has been in place since the
Edo period and is celebrated by families with young girls.
Unlike other cultures, these dolls are not toys and are not
meant to be played with.
9. In the moku hanaga above, many women and
children are seen hovering around a complete
doll set. Mothers gossip about them and the
girls admire them. Notice there are no males
in the picture. The women huddle together,
watching their children and talking. Hina
Matsuri is a very important day in Japanese
culture that celebrates women. It is also a day
for them to practice “rituals” that will bring
them long happy marriages. During Hina Art by Hashimoto Chikanobu, 1700’s
Matsuri young girls will decorate their homes
with peach blossoms, which represents Dolls are a very important part of many different
composure, tranquility, and is a symbol for a cultures. Not many people realize that giving dolls to
happy marriage. This holiday, though unofficial, little girls is like training them for future motherhood.
dates back to as early as the Edo period. On Although girls don’t play with their dolls, they do play
Hina Matsuri day, time is taken to bestow
a similar roll. The dolls of Hina Matsuri can be pricey
wishes for good fortune and marriage in the
and are valuable. They bring good luck and give girls
something to care for. Since the dolls are only
future to young women in the family. The role
brought out on March 3rd, children know from an
given to women as a wife begins when they are
early age to be careful with them. They are put on
small girls in Japan.
display and are meant to be collected as a set, starting
with the Imperial Couple at the top.
10. WOMEN OF JAPAN
TODAY
In Japan today, women still suffer some prejudice due to
their long standing traditions. Elder women encourage their
younger relatives to marry early, even if they are pursuing a
higher education. However, this does not mean that women
are closed off to alternate paths for their future.
11. The photo on the right is of Japanese Pop Star, Kyary Pamyu
Pamyu. It’s an advertisement for one of her most popular albums,
Moshi Moshi Harajuku (as seen on her forehead). Known for her
strange outfits and videos, Kyary tops the charts with every single.
She is a prime example for how far women have come in Japan.
No longer having to be just housewives, women in Japan are
making it fine. The beauty standard has changed drastically from
traditional garb, small lips, and flushed features.
In the photo Kyary has long eyelashes and double eyelids, giving
her the appearance of having wider, more westernized eyes. Her
hair has been bleached from the usual straight Japanese black to a
wavy platinum blonde, and a monstrous grin painted over her
mouth. This overall look (minus the mouth) is very western, and
very popular in Japan. The monster mouth, draws your attention
to the picture making it an outstanding advertisement and also
accentuates the roundness of her face.
In Japan, the majority of males prefers the small and petite. While
many of the beauty standards in Japan have changed from looking
very “Japanese” to having some western features, the small and
petite figure is still a favorite among many people. Kyary merges
the two to make her one of the biggest idols in Japan, and a female
one at that.
http://www.tokyohive.com/tag/ponponpon/
12. ARTICLE SUMMARY
Sumie Seo Mishima was born and raised in 20th Century Japan. She attended college in America, and when
she returned to Japan, she had difficulty adjusting to the culture. At the time Japan was undergoing rapid
changes to modernize and westernize its social customs. However, there were still many traditional aspects
that affecter her career and life.
Mishima wanted to become a college professor, but soon found out that there were few females in that
profession. The men she worked with rarely socialized with women who were not their wives, and women
had to “bury themselves completely in domestic cares”. Many of her old classmates and some older women
insist that she marry, because it’s her “duty as a woman”, but Mishima wishes to earn back her expensive
education and found men to be good as friends, but impossible as husbands.
However, after some time the mother of another professor came to her and proposed a marriage between
Mishima and her son. Mishima reluctantly agreed after giving it much thought, and coming to the
conclusion that this would probably be her best, if not only, option. Despite protests from her family
Mishima married him, only to find out she knew very little about him and his family.
She soon finds out that her husband will be impossible to please. After his first marriage started to get bad,
he went to go see geisha women. However, the flattery and spoiling of the geisha women made it impossible
for an ordinary woman to please him. It seems that if a woman did not keep to her “duty” to marry early and
care for the house, she risked losing her husband, possibly even before they were married like Mishima.
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