Microneedling Unveiled: A Comprehensive IntroductionVancoderm Academy
This PowerPoint presentation offers an insightful exploration into the world of microneedling. From its history and scientific underpinnings to its diverse applications in skincare and dermatology, this presentation provides a clear understanding of the procedure's benefits, techniques, and the latest advancements in this innovative cosmetic treatment.
Dealing with wrinkles is a natural part of the aging process - but that does not mean you have to let them take over. You can’t stop time, but there are steps you can take to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, frown lines, and sagging skin.
Plastic surgery is prevalent. However, many people believe that the benefits of undergoing an invasive procedure outweigh the fear of the process and recovery time. The good news is, there is a vast range of great non-invasive skin treatments that can transform your skin without surgery or extensive downtime. Some remedies don’t even require needles!
Here are some of the non-invasive procedures that will take years off of your face:
Get a glowing skin by using the skin whitening treatment in abu dhabi. EDCC provides skin whitening treatment at affordable rates. Visit our website to know more
Radiofrequency. a new tool for non surgical skin tighteningOsama Moawad
Rejuvenation type 3 is deepest and targets deep dermal collagen disorders and skin laxity and sagging. Traditionally, these changes have been treated with surgery, such as rhytidectomy, blepharoplasty, and brow lifts. However, with the increasing demands of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery, minimally invasive procedures have gained popularity. In non-ablative tissue tightening, the epidermal injury is minimized, and thermal energy is directed into the reticular dermis and subcutis, where immediate tissue contraction and delayed remodeling are believed to collectively cause skin tightening. The attractive features of non-ablative skin tightening are limited post-procedure healing time, ability to return to work or social engagements, reduced risk of adverse events compared with ablative resurfacing or lifts procedures, and less need for physician oversight. For all these reasons, more patients are appropriate candidates for non-ablative skin rejuvenation than for ablative or surgical skin tightening. In an effort to increase penetration depth and strive towards collagen shrinkage and skin tightening, radiofrequency wavelengths have been recently employed
VelaShape is the first and only non-surgical FDA-cleared medical device for the Body Reshaping market and the first FDA class II cleared platform for Cellulite Treatment.
VelaShape enables you to comfortably achieve a toned, contoured and well shaped body through a safe, non-surgical, no downtime and virtually painless treatment.
Microneedling Unveiled: A Comprehensive IntroductionVancoderm Academy
This PowerPoint presentation offers an insightful exploration into the world of microneedling. From its history and scientific underpinnings to its diverse applications in skincare and dermatology, this presentation provides a clear understanding of the procedure's benefits, techniques, and the latest advancements in this innovative cosmetic treatment.
Dealing with wrinkles is a natural part of the aging process - but that does not mean you have to let them take over. You can’t stop time, but there are steps you can take to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, frown lines, and sagging skin.
Plastic surgery is prevalent. However, many people believe that the benefits of undergoing an invasive procedure outweigh the fear of the process and recovery time. The good news is, there is a vast range of great non-invasive skin treatments that can transform your skin without surgery or extensive downtime. Some remedies don’t even require needles!
Here are some of the non-invasive procedures that will take years off of your face:
Get a glowing skin by using the skin whitening treatment in abu dhabi. EDCC provides skin whitening treatment at affordable rates. Visit our website to know more
Radiofrequency. a new tool for non surgical skin tighteningOsama Moawad
Rejuvenation type 3 is deepest and targets deep dermal collagen disorders and skin laxity and sagging. Traditionally, these changes have been treated with surgery, such as rhytidectomy, blepharoplasty, and brow lifts. However, with the increasing demands of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery, minimally invasive procedures have gained popularity. In non-ablative tissue tightening, the epidermal injury is minimized, and thermal energy is directed into the reticular dermis and subcutis, where immediate tissue contraction and delayed remodeling are believed to collectively cause skin tightening. The attractive features of non-ablative skin tightening are limited post-procedure healing time, ability to return to work or social engagements, reduced risk of adverse events compared with ablative resurfacing or lifts procedures, and less need for physician oversight. For all these reasons, more patients are appropriate candidates for non-ablative skin rejuvenation than for ablative or surgical skin tightening. In an effort to increase penetration depth and strive towards collagen shrinkage and skin tightening, radiofrequency wavelengths have been recently employed
VelaShape is the first and only non-surgical FDA-cleared medical device for the Body Reshaping market and the first FDA class II cleared platform for Cellulite Treatment.
VelaShape enables you to comfortably achieve a toned, contoured and well shaped body through a safe, non-surgical, no downtime and virtually painless treatment.
Welcome to VelaSmooth™
Enhance your body, enhance your lifestyle, feel better about yourself.
More than 80% of women over the age of 20, regardless of their weight or size, are affected by cellulite. Now, there is proven, medical solution.
VelaSmooth is the first non-surgical, non-invasive cellulite reduction system that
is FDA cleared.
People often find the best treatment of skin aging but eventually fail in reaching the objective. However, Collagen Induction Therapy can be the best option.
The key to treating wrinkles is to know what causes them and what products can help you fight them. To learn more, visit askderm.com to find the right products for you! Now available at http://www.askderm.com.
Aesthetic treatments allow people to look better, feel fresher and attain a new found confidence in their lives. “Tightness, freshness and liveliness are the elements that we always see on a young face.
Non-surgical facial rejuvenation is a phrase that describes cosmetic treatment that addresses all the aspects of the ageing process without surgical methods.
Dr Sachdeva’s Facial Aesthtic Institute is unique as it caters to the whole spectrum of anti-ageing, from prevention to surgical treatment. These unique procedures help in exfoliating, toning, tightening and moisturizing the skin. These are enough in early stages to keep the skin from ageing, while dietary advice and regular detox nourishes the skin from inside.
So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with dead skin cells, and by anaerobic bacteria.
Go through this SlideShare and able to know more about Acne, it's causes and types, lifecycle, prevention .
Also find recent trends and therapies with new discoveries and it's statistics.
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with dead skin cells, and by anaerobic bacteria.
Go through this SlideShare and able to know more about Acne, it's causes and types, lifecycle, prevention .
Also find recent trends and therapies with new discoveries and it's statistics.
Acne scar treatment refers to various procedures and interventions aimed at improving the appearance of acne scars on the skin. Acne scars can be a result of inflammatory acne lesions such as cysts, nodules, or severe acne breakouts. The type of treatment recommended depends on the type and severity of the scars, as well as individual factors such as skin type and overall health.
Stretch marks can appear on the breasts as a person’s
body changes shape due to pregnancy or other events.
Stretch marks are common and do not pose a health risk,
but some people seek to remove them.
Home therapies and medications may help remove stretch marks, but
there is little evidence to show that many of them work. Treatments aim to
do this in various ways, including
:
stimulating collagen production
increasing pigmentation and decreasing redness by reducing
vascularization
improving elasticity
increasing
skin hydration
managing inflammation
In this article, learn about why stretch marks occur and get some tips on
removing them
Welcome to VelaSmooth™
Enhance your body, enhance your lifestyle, feel better about yourself.
More than 80% of women over the age of 20, regardless of their weight or size, are affected by cellulite. Now, there is proven, medical solution.
VelaSmooth is the first non-surgical, non-invasive cellulite reduction system that
is FDA cleared.
https://www.waxologyweho.com/services - Microdermabrasion is a sought-after skin rejuvenation method. Frequency hinges on skin type, desired results, and expert guidance. Usually, starting sessions are more frequent, spacing out over time. For a detailed understanding and best practices, consult our comprehensive PPT presentation.
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin, which heal your skin and help you look younger. https://acuquerque.com
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin. https://acuquerque.com
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin. https://acuquerque.com
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Welcome to VelaSmooth™
Enhance your body, enhance your lifestyle, feel better about yourself.
More than 80% of women over the age of 20, regardless of their weight or size, are affected by cellulite. Now, there is proven, medical solution.
VelaSmooth is the first non-surgical, non-invasive cellulite reduction system that
is FDA cleared.
People often find the best treatment of skin aging but eventually fail in reaching the objective. However, Collagen Induction Therapy can be the best option.
The key to treating wrinkles is to know what causes them and what products can help you fight them. To learn more, visit askderm.com to find the right products for you! Now available at http://www.askderm.com.
Aesthetic treatments allow people to look better, feel fresher and attain a new found confidence in their lives. “Tightness, freshness and liveliness are the elements that we always see on a young face.
Non-surgical facial rejuvenation is a phrase that describes cosmetic treatment that addresses all the aspects of the ageing process without surgical methods.
Dr Sachdeva’s Facial Aesthtic Institute is unique as it caters to the whole spectrum of anti-ageing, from prevention to surgical treatment. These unique procedures help in exfoliating, toning, tightening and moisturizing the skin. These are enough in early stages to keep the skin from ageing, while dietary advice and regular detox nourishes the skin from inside.
So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with dead skin cells, and by anaerobic bacteria.
Go through this SlideShare and able to know more about Acne, it's causes and types, lifecycle, prevention .
Also find recent trends and therapies with new discoveries and it's statistics.
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with dead skin cells, and by anaerobic bacteria.
Go through this SlideShare and able to know more about Acne, it's causes and types, lifecycle, prevention .
Also find recent trends and therapies with new discoveries and it's statistics.
Acne scar treatment refers to various procedures and interventions aimed at improving the appearance of acne scars on the skin. Acne scars can be a result of inflammatory acne lesions such as cysts, nodules, or severe acne breakouts. The type of treatment recommended depends on the type and severity of the scars, as well as individual factors such as skin type and overall health.
Stretch marks can appear on the breasts as a person’s
body changes shape due to pregnancy or other events.
Stretch marks are common and do not pose a health risk,
but some people seek to remove them.
Home therapies and medications may help remove stretch marks, but
there is little evidence to show that many of them work. Treatments aim to
do this in various ways, including
:
stimulating collagen production
increasing pigmentation and decreasing redness by reducing
vascularization
improving elasticity
increasing
skin hydration
managing inflammation
In this article, learn about why stretch marks occur and get some tips on
removing them
Welcome to VelaSmooth™
Enhance your body, enhance your lifestyle, feel better about yourself.
More than 80% of women over the age of 20, regardless of their weight or size, are affected by cellulite. Now, there is proven, medical solution.
VelaSmooth is the first non-surgical, non-invasive cellulite reduction system that
is FDA cleared.
https://www.waxologyweho.com/services - Microdermabrasion is a sought-after skin rejuvenation method. Frequency hinges on skin type, desired results, and expert guidance. Usually, starting sessions are more frequent, spacing out over time. For a detailed understanding and best practices, consult our comprehensive PPT presentation.
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin, which heal your skin and help you look younger. https://acuquerque.com
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin. https://acuquerque.com
Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure. It involves pricking the skin with tiny sterilized needles. The small wounds cause your body to make more collagen and elastin. https://acuquerque.com
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Microneedling, also called
collagen induction therapy,
involves the use of a tool that
has tiny needles which make
little pricks in the top layer of
the skin.
Microneedling tools include a
dermapen or dermaroller.
Collagen induction treatments,
which are considered
minimally invasive.
3. Why would anyone want to have tiny needles
pricking their skin?
Well, this seemingly odd practice is known to
trigger the body’s natural wound healing process,
which can help to encourage collagen production,
scar healing and an overall brighter complexion.
4. At first, microneedling was used for general skin
rejuvenation, but now it is being used to increase
collagen production and to target a wide variety of
common skin concerns that can be difficult to improve
— including wrinkles, scars, stretch marks, and even
hair loss.
5.
6. Microneedling or micro-needling, is a minimally invasive
skin treatment in which a aesthetician intentionally
creates tiny punctures in the top layer of skin using
micro-fine needles.
The needles usually measure somewhere from 0.5 to 2
millimeters in diameter.
Microneedling can also be performed at home with
specialized tools.
7. This treatment is also known as collagen induction
therapy because it’s known for boosting collagen
production in the skin, which can make it beneficial for
a number of skin concerns including fine lines
and wrinkles.
Microneedling actually induces the production of new
collagen in the skin, known as neocollagenesis.
8. Collagen is the protein that helps give our skin strength
and elasticity, along with replacing dead skin cells.
As we age, collagen production naturally begins to slow
down which can lead to signs of aging (wrinkles, sagging
skin, etc.).
The controlled skin injuries produced by microneedling
send the skin into a repair mode that triggers the body to
produce new collagen as well as elastin, which is another
protein found in the skin that provides our skin with
desirable elasticity.
9. Microneedling also encourages the growth of
fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells, which can
equate to a more even skin tone and a healthy glow.
It is important to realize that microneedling is not a
quick fix, as it involves the growth of new skin. It can
take several months for a person to see the full results
of the procedure.
12. Boosts Collagen
Collagen production in the skin is crucial to our skin’s
appearance.
Less collagen as we age means more wrinkles, fine lines
and skin sagging.
So more collagen means a more youthful complexion,
and research shows that microneedling can actually
boost collagen production!
13. Improves Scars
Atrophic scars are sunken in the skin and form when the
skin is unable to regenerate tissue.
Examples of atrophic scars include those resulting from
acne and chicken pox. Over 80 percent of the patients
evaluated their microneedling treatment as “excellent”
on a 10-point scale.
There were no significant adverse effects recorded for
any of the patients.
14. Increases
Overall
Radiance
If you look up
microneedling before and
after pictures, they can be
quite impressive! Post-
treatment, people often
report increased radiance
of their skin.
15. The medical community generally considers
microneedling to be safe and effective, but there are still
some risks.
The primary risk is skin irritation after the procedure.
Other side effects could include:
swelling
discomfort at the site
redness
bruising
dryness
flaking of the skin
16. Bleeding is an uncommon reaction to microneedling,
though it may be more likely to occur after a deeper
treatment.
Bleeding may also be more of a risk for people who
have bleeding disorders or who are taking blood-
thinning medications.
It is important to disclose this information to a doctor
before receiving this treatment
17. There is also a risk of more serious side effects, including:
infection
skin pigment changes
reaction to topical medications used during treatment
Some devices involve additional risks. Those that use
energy or heat can increase the likelihood of burns.
18. Some people are not candidates for microneedling
treatment, including those with:
an active skin infection
active acne
keloid scarring
an unstable skin type