This document provides an overview of micro gas turbines. It discusses that micro turbines are small combustion turbines that can generate 25-500 kW of power. They have high power-to-weight ratios and reliability compared to reciprocating engines. Micro turbines are used in distributed generation applications and can utilize various fuels to provide both power and heat in a combined heat and power system. They have potential applications in India to help address power shortages by generating electricity on-site using fuels like biogas.

1. GUIDE BY
Mr. Rahul Srivastava
Mechanical Egg. Dep
PRESENTED BY
Rajneesh Kumar Singh
Roll no:- 1252540079

2. Introduction
Gas turbine
Classification
Turbine based on cycle
Advantages
Micro turbine
Economics of Micro Turbines
Applications
Conclusion

3.  Micro turbine is one of the important components in a
micro gas turbine engine
 Micro gas turbine engine consists of a radial inflow
turbine, a centrifugal compressor and a combustor.
 Used Fule- Natural gas, hydrogen, propane, diesel
 It has an energy density 10 times than existing batteries.
 It can be used in power generation applications like space
vehicles, electronic devices etc…

4.  A gas turbine is a rotating engine.
 Gas-turbine is used in aircraft propulsion and electric
power generation.
 High thermal efficiencies up to 44%.
 Suitable for combined cycles (with steam power plant)
 High power to weight ratio, high reliability, long life
 Fast start up time, about 2 min, compared to 4 hr for
steam-propulsion systems
 High back work ratio (ratio of compressor work to the
turbine work), up to 50%, Compared to few percent in
steam power plants.

5. Types of Gas Turbine:- There are different types of gas
turbines. Some of them are named below:
a) Aero derivatives and jet engines
b) Amateur gas turbines
c) Industrial gas turbines for electrical generation
d) Radial gas turbines
e) Scale jet engines
f) Micro turbines

6.  Idealized Brayton Cycle

7. •We already know that
• Thus, the efficiency is
Since heat injection and rejection occur at constant pressure then,
• Hence, the efficiency is
1 2W Q Q 
1 2 2
1 1 1
1
Q Q QW
Q Q Q


   
2 1 4( )pQ c T T  
1 3 2( )pQ c T T 
4
1
4 1 12
1 3 2 3
2
2
1
( )
1 1 1
( )
1
p
p
T
T
c T T TQ
Q c T T T
T
T

 
        
  
 
 

8. • Between 1 and 2, and between 3 and 4, the process is adiabatic (no heat exchange)
and reversible (S is constant). Hence, the temperature changes due to work related
with a pressure change acting on a varying volume.
• In a reversible adiabatic process:
and
where
• Hence,
• Therefore
1
constantP T  

p
v
c
c
 
1 1 2 2 3 2 4 1PV PV PV PV   
  
4 2 1
3 1 2
P V P
P V P


 
. constantPV


9. •From the previous slide:
•Also, from the previous slide
• Thus,
4 1
3 2
P P
P P

1
constantP T  

4 1
3 2
T T
T T


10. •Since the efficiency is (see a couple of slides ago)
• Then the simplified expression for the efficiency is
• Usually, the efficiency is expressed in terms of the temperature ratio
(TR) or the pressure ratio (PR)
where and
4
1
4 1 12
1 3 2 3
2
2
1
( )
1 1 1
( )
1
p
p
T
T
c T T TQ
Q c T T T
T
T

 
        
  
 
 
1
2
1
T
T
  
( 1)/
1 1
1 1
( ) ( )TR PR  
 
   
2 2
1 1
( ) ( )
T P
TR PR
T P
 

11.  Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to
reciprocating engines.
 Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same
power rating.
 Moves in one direction only, with far less vibration than a
reciprocating engine.
 Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines.
 Low operating pressures.
 High operation speeds.
 Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.

12.  Micro turbines are small combustion turbines with outputs
of 25 kW to 500 kW.
 Moderate cost and efficiency
 High-frequency output is rectified (and inverted again in
ac micro grids). Generator output frequency is in the order
of a few kHz (e.g. 1600 Hz for Capstone’s 30 kW micro
turbine).
 Power shaft rotates at high speeds, usually on the order of
50 000 to 120 000 rpm
 Very reliable technology (Essentially micro turbines are
aircraft’s APU’s). Critical parts: bearings and generator.
 Generator technologies: Synchronous and permanent
magnet

14.  Turbo-Compressor Package
 Generator
 Recuperators
 Air bearings
 Power Electronics

16.  Distributed generation
 Quality power and reliability
 Stand-by power
 Peak shaving
 Boost power
 Low-cost energy
 Combined heat and power (cogeneration)

17. Small number of moving parts,
Compact size
Good efficiencies in cogeneration
Lightweight
Low emissions
Can utilize waste fuels
Long maintenance intervals
No vibrations
Less noise than reciprocating engines

18. Micro turbine Cost
Capital Cost $700-$1,100/kW
O&M Cost $0.005-0.016/kW
Maintenance Interval 5,000-8,000 hrs.

19.  Peak shaving and base load power (grid parallel)
 Combined heat and power (co-generation)
 Distributed power generation
 Stand-alone power
 Backup/standby power
 Primary power with grid as backup
 Micro grid
 Resource recovery
 Transportation applications

20.  Micro turbine can use low grade of fuel very effectively like waste
gases, sour gases etc.
 Thus micro turbine gives chance of low fuel cost and less emission.
 The dimensions of micro turbine comparatively small by which it
can be installed at field where power is consumed.
 Micro turbine is also effective in CHP operation.
 In India the micro turbine is quite useful.
 The power shortage effect can be solved using micro turbine, using
fuels like biogas, etc.
 India the technology is still underdevelopment so the present
seminar is an honest attempt to introduce micro turbine technology
in India for solving the problem of power generation in future.