These are the vehicles that make news each time they shed a bit of camo or whenever a jet-lagged executive reveals a detail about a redesigned wiper stalk. Mere rumors of their existence accelerate competitors’ product cycles. The wait to drive them—one, two, sometimes even three years—is rewarded with hoped-for revelations in advanced technology, structural integrity, mass reduction, fuel economy, features, and acceleration. Fun, too. Shared by: http://revol.com.sg/
These are the vehicles that make news each time they shed a bit of camo or whenever a jet-lagged executive reveals a detail about a redesigned wiper stalk. Mere rumors of their existence accelerate competitors’ product cycles. The wait to drive them—one, two, sometimes even three years—is rewarded with hoped-for revelations in advanced technology, structural integrity, mass reduction, fuel economy, features, and acceleration. Fun, too. Shared by: http://revol.com.sg/
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Micro craks
1. Microcracks og hotspots i c-Si solcelle paneler, produktions fejl
eller skader der kan opstå senere ?
Forfatter:
Karl Andreassen, Senior Advisor i fornybar energi, specialiseret i solceller og kuldebros
frie konstruktioner med 20 års erfaring på området ikke kun teoretisk, men også fra det
praktiske liv fra talrige projekter både inden for alle typer solceller og passivhus byggeri.
”hands on” erfaringer fra det virkelige liv er vigtige og grundlaget for denne korte
gennemgang af emnet microcracks og hotspots.
Dette er et forsøg på at fremme forståelsen af et ellers overset emne som først inden for
de sidste par år er aktualiseret gennem ny forskning.
Emnet bliver behandlet så visuelt som muligt og understøttes af relevante rapporter på
området. Dette er ikke en videnskabelig gennemgang, men en let indføring i emnet.
2. Microcracks kendes kun i warfer baserede produkter , det som i daglig tale kaldes krystalinske solceller ( c-Si )
Produksjonsprosessen for tradisjonelle krystallinske solceller av silisium starter med kvarts som renses til såkalt
solcellekvalitet (eng. SOG-Si), dvs. Si>99,9999% . Dette materiale skæres i tynde skiver, benævnt warfers som har en
tykkelse på ca. 0,02 cm som placeres mellem en glas forside ( typisk 3-4 mm tyk ) og en tedlar (plastprodukt) bagside.
For 20 år siden da jeg som entusiast sad ved mit eget køkkenbord og lodede mine første warfere sammen for at få en
lille pære til at lyse, var tykkelsen på en warfer ca 4 gange så stor, moderne produktionsmetoder haar fået tykkelsen ned
og dermed også råstofforbruget. Dette har sammen med andre tiltag resulteret i langt billigere solceller, men det har
også gjort warferne meget mere sårbare.
I de seneste år er der kommet meget mere fokus på de skader som en warfer kan risikere at få ved transport, og
belastninger som tryk af forskellig art. Det er relativ ny forskning som viser at problemerne er større end først antaget og
man er efter de senere års store udbygning af solceller på verdensplan, hovedsageligt med c-Si paneler blevet mere
opmærksomme på både det tab i effektivitet som det forårsager og de potentielle følgeskader det kan medføre.
ISFH (Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin) og TÜV Rheinland har udført flere tests som med tryksensorer i
paller på lastbiler og belastnings tests som viser en klar sammenhæng mellem transport og antallet af microcracks, men
også mellem belastninger på panelerne fra tryk og sug over tid efter disse er monteret på bygningerne.
3. Snølast eller andre store påvirkninger som stærk vind kan bøye
den tynne top glass ned og dette har typisk størst innvirkning
langs kantene
Billeder fra eget test lab i DK
Microcracks kan opstå som trykskader.
4. Celle fri for skader Produktionsfejl Produktionsfejl Skade fra last på glas
Transport skade Last skade Fejl fra produktion Typisk tryk skade
Microcracks kan normalt kun opdages ved røntgen fotografering, da det er micro størrelser, så kan man ikke med
det menneskelige øje se disse skader. Alle seriøse producenter røngentfotograferer hvert enkelt panel der går ud
fra deres produktion og kan dokumenterer microcrack frie paneler, når de går ud af fabriks porten, men det siger
intet om hvordan panelerne har det efter transporten, typisk fra Asien og frem til et tag i Skandinavien.
Hvad der sker på taget i forbindelse med montage og ved senere belastninger fra vejret er en helt anden ting og
kan kun kontrolleres ved en løbende kontrol ved brug af termografi kameraer.
5. Hvad er så problemet med microcracks. Helt små microcracks er i hovedregel ikke problematiske og mange er helt
naturlige som resultat af spændinger i materialet, disse vil ikke have nogen betydning, allerhøjest en mindre
nedgang i panelets effektivitet.
Der hvor problemerne opstår er når revnerne er lidt større, og her skal man huske at vi taler om revner som ikke er
synlige for det menneskelige øje.
Det der sker i warferen er at elektronerne forsøger at hoppe over revnen og dermed sker der en svejseproces.
Denne proces udvikler varme og derfor kan denne type revner opdages med termografi fotografering af panelerne.
Populært sagt, jo større revne, jo større hop for elektronerne og jo større varmeudvikling.
Noget som har ændret sig med tiden er at inverterne som omdanner DC fra panelerne til AC som går videre til
elnettet, med tiden har fået MPP trackere. Disse sørger for en optimal udnyttelse af DC strømmen ved at presse
panelerne til optimal ydelse. En kæmpe fordel for produktionen, men ekstra hårdt for en warfer med et microcrack.
MPP trackeren gør altså svejseprocessen større.
Fokus på warfers med micro revner er blevet større efter fremkomsten af små droner med termografi kameraer.
På billerne nedenfor ses en stor solcellepark som efter en overflyvning er kommet under nærmere inspektion.
Sådanne resultater har naturligt sat fokus på problemet og ligeledes øget forskningen i de sidste par år.
6. Efter det øgede fokus på microcracks er flere og flere private og ejere af mindre solcelle anlæg begyndt at få
deres anlæg kontroleret. Ikke mindst i Tyskland som jo er verdens største solcelle land målt på installeret Wp
er der kommet gang i en mere systematisk kontrol.
Skal man så være ovenud bekymret for disse revner. Nej ikke umiddelbart, men det er vigtigt at følge med i
udviklingen inde i de installerede paneler. Som det kan ses på nedenstående termograferinger, så er graden
af revnernes størrelse synlig på billederne.
Små revner som kun har en mindre betydning for strømproduktionen lyser ikke så klart op som de warfere der
er begyndt at blive ”kriminelle” og har potentiale til at udvikle et hotspot.
Hvis der er udsigt til at revnen kan udvikle sig til et hotspot skal der reageres og panelet skal udskiftes før det
udvikler sig til noget som kunne blive til en brand.
Næste side omhandler hotspots.
Nedenfor vises eksempler på warfer der har hotspot potientiale og den gradsforskel som warfere kan have i
revne størrelse. Læg mærke til at termograferingen foregår med en let vinkling, der er min og andres erfaring
at man får de bedste resultater ved et termograferings vinkel på 15-20 grader i forhold til panelet.
7. Når først revnen i warferen er blevet stor
nok og ”svejsningen” har foregået over tid
nok, så begynder tedlar bagsiden af
panelet at give efter for varmen, som kan
blive ganske intens.
Uovervåget foregår denne nedbrydning
dag efter dag, for til sidst at bryde
igennem bagsiden. Illustreret her er
forskellige stadier af hotspots.
Nederst ses resultatet hvis der har lagt
sig blade, kviste eller andet brændbart på
bagsiden af panelerne, feks. en
fuglerede. Det er naturligvis i
ekstremerne, men det er set forekomme i
flere tilfælde.
Med den nye viden på området vil
anbefalingen være at få kontrolleret
solcelle anlæg af typen c-Si med jævne
mellemrum og visuelt kontrollere at der
ikke sker ophobning bag panelerne.
8. Har man c-Si paneler monteret er anbefalingen at få disse efterset med
faste intervaller. Hvis man ved første inspektion ser tegn på begyndende
skader, bør det følges nøje feks. en gang om året. Ser panelerne ikke ud
til at have tegn til problemer, er det anbafalings værdigt at få kontrolleret
panelerne hver 2. – 3. år.
Der findes overvågnings muligheder som er automatiske og som
overvåger alle typer DC fejl. Her fås de såkaldte ADU moduler som kan
monteres på DC kablerne som kommer fra panelerne frem til inverteren.
Disse vil afgive en akustisk alarm i tilfælde af ”støj på kablet” altså hvis
der er optræk til en svejsning proces et sted i systemet.
Disse vil også opdage hvis der er skader på kabler eller stik.
ADU modulet kan ligeledes slå Fire Switchen fra automatisk.
En automatisk fire switch på DC siden af et solcelle anlæg bør altid være
installeret. Når DC stømmen brydes tæt på solcellerne er skaden
standset før den udvikler sig katastrofalt, men er også en sikkerhed for
brandfolk som skal arbejde på en bygning med solceller, således at der
ikke er ”levende” DC kabler at forholde sig til under et evt.
slukningsarbejde.
9. Et naturligt spørgsmål som ofte
bliver stillet, er om micro revner
også opstår i tyndfilmsmoduler
som feks. CIGS teknologien.
Her er svaret nej.
Det er en fuldstændig anden
måde at fabrikere solceller på
som er en deponering af 4
grundstoffer på en bagside af
typisk 3 mm hærdet glas.
Selve påføringen af de 4
grundstoffer sker med laser og
brændes som sådan fast på
glas bagsiden.
Herefter monteres front glasset
ligeledes af hærdet glas.
Skal et hotspot opstå i denne
type paneler vil det kræve en
direkte fysisk påvirkning som
efterlader sig et visuelt synligt
hul i glasset.
Da bagsiden er af glas og
dermed ikke kan smelte som
tedlar på c-Si moduler er der
ingen fare for påvirkning af det
ydre miljø.
10. Baggrunds materiale for denne gennemgang foruden ved personlig erfaringer:
1.
CRACK STATISTIC OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
M. Köntges1, S. Kajari-Schröder1, I. Kunze1, U. Jahn2
1Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin (ISFH), Am Ohrberg 1, D-31860 Emmerthal, Germany
2.
Passive and ActiveThermographic Assessment as a Tool for Condition-BasedPerformance Monitoring of
Photovoltaic Modules
Department of Production Engineering and Management,School of Engineering,Faculty of Materials, Processes and
Engineering,Democritus University of Thrace,Vas. Sofias 12, Central University Campus,Building I,
Xanthi 67100, Thrace, Greece
3.
Origin and Consequences of (Micro)-Cracks in Crystalline Silicon Solar modules
M. Köntges, I. Kunze, S. Kajari-Schröder
Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin
4.
DEALING IN PRACTICE WITH HOT-SPOTS
R. Moretón, E. Lorenzo, J. Leloux, J.M. Carrillo
Instituto de Energía Solar – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Photovoltaic Systems Group, EUITT, Madrid, Spain
WebPV, Madrid Spain
5.
Solar Cell Microcracks Are Inevitable
Kent Kernahan, Peter Curzon, Marc Stewart
idealPV FOZHS
Alt materiale kan rekvireres og tilsendes elektronisk ved henvendelse til :
Karl Andreassen ka@sologvind.no tlf: +47 94008978
11. Det var en lille snip af hvad emnet
indeholder, i simple vendinger,
men vil du have mere indsigt, så
tilmeld dig kurset på solcelle
utdanningen som certificeret
solcellemontør.