This document provides an overview of Azerbaijan and its tourism industry, with a focus on architecture. It discusses Azerbaijan's history, customs, currency, entry requirements, and proposes a sample itinerary. Key points include: - Azerbaijan offers both ancient Islamic architecture in its old cities as well as modern mega-skyscrapers, making it a destination for those interested in both old and new architectural wonders. - The country has a long history dating back 4000 BCE and was influenced by Persian and Arab rule, leaving historical and cultural influences. - Azerbaijan's currency is the Manat, and entry for US citizens requires obtaining a visa in advance along with registration upon arrival. - A sample itinerary is proposed, outlining international flights

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Introduction
Azerbaijan, nestled in Eastern Europe at the base of the southern Caucasus
Mountains, is a hidden gem of architectural achievements. It is ideally located on the
Caspian Sea which helps to regulate a temperate climate which is favorable for tourists.
Azerbaijan is becoming a popular destination for holiday travel among Westerners and
Europeans who want to learn more about the ancient Islamic architecture of the old city,
and at the same time, experience some of the most impressive modern mega-
skyscrapers in the world. The country is taking the travel industry by storm because it
offers tourists architectural wonders they really cannot experience elsewhere. The
beautiful capitol city of Baku, which is where the majority of this itinerary will take place,
hosts remarkable, modern architecture; found right alongside ancient architecture.
Azerbaijan is a fabulous location to visit for holiday in order to experience both old-world
and new-world architectural wonders. After the conclusion of this prospectus, one will be
fully equipped to travel to Azerbaijan to experience these marvels - both past and present.
Area History, Customs and Laws
Azerbaijan has a long and colorful history. The first civilizations settled in the area of
modern-day Azerbaijan around 4000 BCE. In 1000 BCE, Caucasus Mountain tribes, Manna,
Skit and Scyth peoples began settling in the area. The 3rd century CE marked the
beginning of Persian rule in Azerbaijan. Several centuries later, beginning in the 7th

3. 3
century, Arab Muslims began to dominate the area. Under Shah Ismail Hatai, Azerbaijan
began to develop a uniform system of society and a common language. Customs and
traditions were put into place, and the self-identifying values of a state began to emerge
(Azerbaijan America Alliance Corporation, 2015). Other Shahs began constructing
significant building projects during this time which was a precursor to modern day
Azerbaijani architecture.
At the peak of Islamic rule under the Arabic Shahs, Azerbaijan extended to present-
day Delhi, India. Shortly after the death of Nadir Shah in the 18th century, the country
broke up into small states and sultanates which marked the end of the glorious period in
Azerbaijan’s history (Azerbaijan America Alliance Corporation, 2015).
The modern period began in the early 1800s when Azerbaijan was divided between
Russia and Iran. By 1936, the Soviet Union had taken complete control of Azerbaijan
where it flourished as a supplier of oil and gas reserves for the mother country. Soviet
rule ended in 1988 and by 1993, Azerbaijan had elected its first leader, Heydar Aliyev.
Under Aliyev, significant oil and natural gas reserves were discovered and a pipeline was
built to export this “Black Gold” (Azerbaijan America Alliance Corporation, 2015).
Azerbaijan now basks in the economic benefits of the oil exports which has spurned the
growth of construction and tourism in the country.
Islam still influences much of Azerbaijan life to this day. Azerbaijan is a Muslim country,
as over 96% of the population are Shia Muslims (United States Central Intelligence
Agency, 2015). The Muslim religion should be respected while conducting travels to
Azerbaijan. The government website of the United Kingdom gives some helpful advice
for travelers. During the month of Ramadan, special attention should be made to not

4. 4
offend the Islamic beliefs of most Azerbaijanis. While most Azerbaijanis wear western
clothing, shorts are generally frowned upon for both men and women to wear. Drug abuse
is illegal and carries stiff prison sentences. Local police will carry-out random checks of
visitor’s passports, so it is important to carry identity documents at all times.
Homosexuality is generally not accepted, especially outside Baku. Members of the LGBT
community are advised to keep a low profile when visiting Azerbaijan. Finally, visitors
should pay attention to what they are photographing. Many government buildings,
mosques and military installations are off-limits to photographers (The United Kingdom,
2015).
Travel Motivations
Many people visit Azerbaijan each year, and the number is continuing to grow. The
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan has compiled a list of the
top ten pull factors which draw international arrivals. According to this list, four out of the
top ten pull factors to visit Azerbaijan are directly related to architecture (Ministry of
Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 2015). The list goes on to discuss the
many different architectural attractions which draw individuals to Azerbaijan. Several
UNESCO World Heritage list sites are located within the old city of Baku. Sheki City, one
of the oldest establishments in the Caucasus Mountains is located along the ancient Silk
Road. Baku Boulevard stretches along the Caspian Sea coast. One can indulge in fine
dining, shopping excursions and admire the impressive skyline of Baku. Finally, the iconic

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Flame Tower can be seen from many vantage points within the city. This is just a short
list of the many architectural pull factors which attract visitors to Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan boasts many activities which would appeal to just about any kind of
traveler. This holiday itinerary, though, will focus on the quintessential traveler. According
to Dr. Robert Mill and Dr. Alastair Morrison, authors of the textbook, The Tourism System,
“Quintessential travelers [are] highly motivated by experiences, socializing, and
adventure” (Mill & Dr. Alastair M. Morrison, 2012). This itinerary will focus on many new
experience which could not be gained anywhere else in the world. For example, the
“Dream City” of Khazar Islands is currently under development just south of Baku. The
man-made archipelago will be home to the Azerbaijan Tower, the tallest building in the
world (Avesta Concern, 2015), as well as a myriad of other incredible architectural
wonders. New relationships will be built from the numerous social opportunities which will
be available through participation in lively night life and shopping excursions, all which
will be a component of the travel itinerary.
State of Tourism Development
Azerbaijan is a fast-growing economy. According to the 2013 Tourism in Azerbaijan
report published by the Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation,
Azerbaijan is one of the fastest growing economies in the world as of 2013. Furthermore,
Azerbaijan is the 39th most competitive economy in the world according to the World
Economic Forum (Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation, 2013).

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Certainly, one of the ways Azerbaijan is accelerating the growth of its economy is through
the implementation of a vast tourism plan. Currently, Azerbaijan hosts over 1.9 million
visitors each year. This is a 400% growth increase from 2002 when Azerbaijan saw only
435,000 arrivals (Ibid). Azerbaijan only has 514 hotels with a total of 32,834 beds (Ibid).
Most of these hotels are in the luxury segment. Furthermore, only 170 tourism companies
operate in Azerbaijan, leaving the majority of tourism promotion to the Ministry of Tourism
(Ibid).
Government officials hope to improve the tourism infrastructure of the country by
attracting private investors. One of the most ambitious projects in the country to attract
investment in Azerbaijani tourism is the development of Khazar Island. This man-made
archipelago will feature an impressive collection of luxury hotels, business complexes, an
international airport and a Formula 1 circuit. Additionally, Khazar Island will be home to
the world’s tallest building, Azerbaijan Tower, which will dwarf the Burj al Khalifa in the
United Arab Emirates (Avesta Concern, 2015).
Currency and Documentation Requirements
The currency used in Azerbaijan is the Azerbaijani Manat which is abbreviated, AZN
(Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation, 2013). As of the date of this
writing, one United States dollar equals 1.05 AZN. One Euro is equal to 1.13 AZN. One
British Pound Sterling is equal to 1.59 AZN. (xe, 2015)The similarity in currency
evaluations of the United States and Europe make Azerbaijan a great place to travel to

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by these countries because there is no loss of revenue in currency conversions. The
impressive exchange rate of the British Pound and the Manat makes Azerbaijan a very
wise holiday choice for British investors and travelers.
Entry requirements into Azerbaijan vary according to country. For United States
citizens, Azerbaijan requires a valid passport and visa. One must request the visa in
advance, as visas are not issued at the airport in Baku. Visa applicants from the United
States may request a single entry or multiple entry visa which costs 160 US Dollars. A
formal invitation from a government approved travel agency must be obtained prior to
application for the visa. Most visas are valid for 30 days, 90 days or one year. Upon
arriving to Azerbaijan, travelers must register with the State Migration Service. Failure to
register promptly upon arrival can result in fines of up to 500 US Dollars. Most reputable
hotels can assist travelers with this registration process. (US Department of State, Bureau
of Consular Affairs, 2015).
Itinerary
Day 1 – 03 MAR 2016
The first day will entail a series of domestic and international flights to finally arrive in
Azerbaijan. British Airlines flight BA2453 departs Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
(PHX) on 03 MAR 2016 at 1:59 AM and arrives at O’Hare International Airport (ORD) on
03 MAR 2016 at 6:22 AM local time. There is two and a half hour layover to connect to
British Airways flight BA1541. BA1541 then departs ORD at 8:50 AM en-route to

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Heathrow International Airport (LHR) in London, United Kingdom. Flight BA1541 arrives
in LHR at 10:40 PM. The total cost for the outbound flights are $562.80.1 Overnight
accommodations and breakfast are arranged at the Sheraton Skyline Hotel London
Heathrow which costs $257 per night.2 This hotel is conveniently located close to
Heathrow Airport and provides free shuttles from the hotel to the terminals. Meals will be
served aboard the flights.
Day 2 – 04 MAR 2016
The next leg of the flight will be aboard British Airways flight 145 which departs LHR
at 9:40 AM local time. Flight 145 arrives at Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD) in
Baku at 7:20 PM local time. Guests will be transported via Baku Transfer to the Fairmont
Baku at the Flame Towers. The transport will be via a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV and
cost €40.3 Upon arrival to the Fairmont Baku, guests will have dinner at the Italian Bistro
restaurant located within the hotel. Dinner there averages 50AZN per person.4
Accommodations at the Fairmont Baku average 235AZN per night.5
Day 3 – 05 MAR 2016
Day three is the first day of touring the architecture of Baku. The first stop will be the
iconic Flame Towers. These towers are located near the Fairmont Baku and offer an
impressive first glimpse at the modern architecture of the city. The towers are currently
1
https://www.britishairways.com/travel/fx/public/en_us?eId=111011&timestamp=1114093632&source=continue
&source=continue
2
http://www.starwoodhotels.com/sheraton/rates/rate.html?propertyID=268&rp=RC:BAR,,,&language=en_US&ES
=LPS_268_HOMEPAGE_EN_SI_BOOKWIDGET_LON_NWE_EAME&departureDate=2016-03-04&arrivalDate=2016-
03-03&lengthOfStay=1&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfAdults=1&numberOfChildren=0&currencyCode=USD
3
http://www.bakutransfer.com/
4
http://www.fairmont.com/baku/pdf/italian-bistro-menu-final-verison/
5
http://www.fairmont.com/reservations/select-room/

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the tallest buildings in Baku and feature impressive technology which enabled their curved
design.6 After visiting the Flame Towers, guests will head to the National Flag Square,
home of the Guinness World Record’s tallest flagpole.7 Guests will then proceed to the
Baku Crystal Hall. This structure is both a stadium and a concert hall. Its façade is covered
in geometric glass which gives the entire structure the appearance of cut crystal.8 The
final stop will be the Azeri TV Tower which offers unparalleled views of the city and the
golden sunset.9 Dinner will be served at Tellequlle restaurant at the top of the tower which
offers panoramic views of Baku. Dinner here averages 75AZN per person.10 Overnight
accommodations will be at the Fairmont.
Day 4 – 06 MAR 2016
The first stop on day four will be the open-air Green Theater. This amphitheater played
a historic role during the Soviet Union occupation of Azerbaijan. It is one of the most
beloved gathering places of Azerbaijanis today because of its colorful patriotic history.11
The second stop, Juma Mosque, located a short walk from Green Theater is an ancient
mosque which was reconstructed in 1899.12 Next, guests will visit the Palace of the
Shirvanshahs located within the ancient walled city of Baku. This palace, a UNESCO
World Heritage site, is a sublime example of Islamic influence on Azerbaijani
architecture.13 The final stop for the day is the Kempinski Hotel in Badamdar. This hotel
6
http://www.hok.com/design/type/commercial/baku-flame-towers/
7
http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_432_en.html
8
http://www.dezeen.com/2013/10/17/baku-crystal-hall-stadium-in-azerbaijan-by-gmp-architekten/
9
http://azrestoran.az/en/baku/restaurant/telequlle
10
http://www.telequlle.az/?page_id=894&lang=en
11
http://www.citylife.az/catalog.php?lang=en&pt2=10&nid=116
12
http://www.beautifulmosque.com/Juma-Mosque-in-Baku-Azerbaijan
13
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/958

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features innovative design elements harmonized with Islamic traditions.14 Dinner will be
served at the Restaurant Badamdar located within the Kempinski Hotel. Average prices
for dinner here are about 50AZN. Transportation will be provided by Baku Transfer in a
Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120.Overnight accommodations will be
at the Fairmont.
Day 5 – 07 MAR 2016
A day trip to the mud volcanoes near Sychlijar is scheduled on day five. These mud
volcanoes represent about half of all the mud volcanoes in the world.15 Transportation will
be provided by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120.
Dinner will be provided at the popular Mambo Beach Club and Restaurant just outside of
Baku. Prices here are approximately 30AZN per person.16 Overnight accommodations
will be at the Fairmont.
Day 6 – 08 MAR 2016
Day six will begin with a visit to the famed Bibi-Heybat Mosque. This mosque was built
by Shirvanshah Arrukhzad II Ibn Ahsitan II and is one of the major monuments of Islam.17
Guests will then visit the man-made Khazar Island archipelago. Located just outside
Baku, Khazar Island is the pinnacle of Azerbaijan’s architectural and economic triumph.
Dwarfing anything seen in other parts of the world, Khazar Island will bring luxury hotels,
business and entertainment to an entirely self-contained community. Khazar Island will
14
http://www.kempinski.com/en/baku/hotel-badamdar/welcome/
15
http://travelingepic.com/2014/11/03/top-10-travel-destinations-around-baku-azerbaijan-fire-temple-mud-
volcano-and-early-man-sites/
16
http://www.mambobeach.az/?page_id=227
17
http://www.visitbakuazerbaijan.com/visit-baku-and-azerbaijan/things-to-do-and-see/visit-the-bibi-heybat-
mosque.html

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be the home to the Azerbaijan Tower, the tallest building in the world. Dinner will be
served at Stingray located in the Khazar Islands for approximately 50AZN per person.18
Transportation will be provided by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a
daily rate of €120. Overnight accommodations will be at the Fairmont.
Day 7 – 09 MAR 2016
The first stop on day seven will be to the Taza Pir Mosque. This mosque was built in
the early 1900s and is the largest mosque in Baku.19 Next, guests will travel to the
Parliament Building in Baku. This magnificent government building was designed by
Soviet architects and built by German prisoners-of-war during World War II.20 The final
destination for the day is the Heydar-Aliyev Cultural Center in downtown Baku. This
architectural wonder is one of the most complicated engineering feats in modern building
design. Even more impressive, is it was designed by female architect, Zaha Hadid who
was the first female to win the coveted Pritzker Architecture Prize.21 Dinner will be served
at the number one rated restaurant in Baku, OroNero Bar and Ristorante at the J.W.
Marriott Absheron.22 Prices here average 100AZN per person. Transportation will be
provided by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120.
Overnight accommodations will be at the Fairmont.
Day 8 – 10 MAR 2016
18
http://www.citylife.az/content.php?lang=en&past=&discuss=&et=&pt=3&es=&ps=&place=&article=&kids=&n=1
&nid=10966
19
http://azerbaijan.travel/en/accommodation/255-Taza-Pir-Mosque
20
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Middle_East/Azerbaijan/Baki_Sahari/Baku-1714457/Things_To_Do-Baku-
Parliament-BR-1.html
21
http://www.heydaraliyevcenter.az/#20_About_the_architect_
22
http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g293934-d3343664-Reviews-OroNero_Bar_Ristorante-
Baku_Absheron_Region.html

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Today will be a light day as there is a hotel change to the Four Seasons Baku. Guests
are encouraged to explore the city on their own or visit the Turkish and Persian spas at
the hotel. The daily rate at the Four Season Baku is 353AZN per night.23 Transfer to the
Four Seasons will be via Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at the rate of
€60.24 Dinner will be provided at Zafferano Restaurant located within the Four Seasons.
Prices are approximately 100AZN per person.25
Day 9 – 11 MAR 2016
Guests will begin day nine by visiting the SOCAR Tower. This tower, designed to
withstand extreme earthquakes and wind storms, will be the tallest building in Baku once
completed.26 Next, guest will visit the National Stadium. Designed by the same firm which
designed the SOCAR Tower, the National Stadium is designed to accommodate
sanctioned FIFA and Olympic events. The National Stadium hosted the first ever
European Games in June 2015.27 The final destination for guests is the incredible
Ateshgah of Baku. This “Fire Temple” was built by Zoroastrian ancients over natural gas
vents in the ground. These vents, which remained ignited for centuries until 1969, served
as centers of worship. Today, this temple is nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage
site.28 Transportation will be provided by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV
at a daily rate of €120. Dinner will be provided at Restaurant Sheki for approximately
30AZN per person.29 Overnight accommodations will be at the Four Seasons.
23
https://secure.fourseasons.com/content/fourseasons/en/booking/choose_room.html
24
http://www.bakutransfer.com/
25
http://www.fourseasons.com/baku/dining/restaurants/restaurant_menus/zafferano_dinner/
26
http://www.tekfen.com.tr/english/haber/gundem27.html
27
http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/projects/baku_national_stadium/
28
http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/fire-temple-of-baku
29
http://resto.az/index.php?Git=RestoranAyrinti&id=143

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Day 10 – 12 MAR 2016
Day ten begins with a trip to the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum. This unique museum,
constructed in the shape of an Afghan carpet, is home to over 14,000 different relics
dating all the way back to the Bronze Age.30 Next, guest will be transported to the Baku
Museum of Modern Art. This museum holds art from the mid-20th century to current.31
Finally, guest will end their day at Azerbaijan Museum of Literature. This impressive
building archives the unique history of Azerbaijan.32 Transportation will be provided by
Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120. Dinner will be
served at the Art Garden for approximately 80AZN per person.33 Overnight
accommodations will be at the Four Seasons.
Day 11 – 13 MAR 2016
Guests will depart on a day trip to Aqua Park Shikhov. This water park is built on one
of the cleanest beaches in Baku. It features three pools, water slides, trampolines,
restaurants and bars. The park also has private beach-front access to the pristine shores
of the Caspian Sea. The total cost per day is 10AZN per person.34 Transportation will be
provided by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120.
Dinner will be provided at the second ranked restaurant in Baku, Zest Lifestyle Café at
30
http://www.azcarpetmuseum.az/about.php
31
http://www.mim.az/en/
32
http://nizamimuseum.az/museum/en
33
http://artgroup.az/art-garden/#garden-menu
34
http://azerbaijan.travel/en/accommodation/66-AQUA-PARK-SHIKHOV

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the J.W. Marriott Absheron Hotel.35 Typical dinner prices here are approximately 50AZN
per person.36 Overnight accommodations will be at the Four Seasons.
Day 12 – 14 MAR 2016
This is the final day of excursions to the city. Guests will have the opportunity to go
shopping at the beautiful Azure Shopping Center. This shopping center boasts incredible
architectural design, as well has an impressive collection of retailers. Azure is also home
to the largest arcade center in Europe.37 Evening dining will be proving at the Azeri House,
one of the best restaurants serving authentic Azerbaijani cuisine in Baku. Prices for dinner
at Azeri House are approximately 40AZN per person.38 Transportation will be provided
by Baku Transfer in a Mitsubishi Pajero luxury SUV at a daily rate of €120. Overnight
accommodations will be at the Four Seasons.
Day 13 – 15 MAR 2016
Guests are free to explore the city on their own. Guests should plan on leaving the
Four Seasons at 4:00 PM. Airport transfer is via Baku Transfer at €40.39 Dinner will be
served at Flavours Restaurant located in the Sheraton Baku Airport hotel. Dinner here is
approximately 40AZN per person.40 British Airways flight BA0144 departs GYD at 8:35
PM and arrives in LHR at 11:40 PM local time. There is a fifteen hour layover in London.
35
http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g293934-d4167147-Reviews-Zest_Lifestyle_Cafe-
Baku_Absheron_Region.html
36
http://www.marriott.com/hotels/hotel-information/restaurant/gydjw&scid=d42e66eb-35c2-4d9c-9219-
ae39f3a2ca9f#_=_
37
http://azure.az/en/
38
http://www.azerihouse.com/pdf/food.pdf
39
http://www.bakutransfer.com/
40
http://www.sheratonbakuairport.com/en/restaurant-bars#flavours

15. 15
Overnight accommodations and breakfast are arranged at the Sheraton Skyline Hotel
London Heathrow which costs $257 per night.41
Day 14 – 16 MAR 2016
British Airways flight BA0289 departs LHR at 2:30 PM and arrives at PHX at 6:20 PM
local time. Total cost for the outbound flights are $562.8042
Total Costs
The total cost for this fourteen day trip to Azerbaijan is $6454 or 6732AZN.43
41
http://www.starwoodhotels.com/sheraton/rates/rate.html?propertyID=268&rp=RC:BAR,,,&language=en_US&ES
=LPS_268_HOMEPAGE_EN_SI_BOOKWIDGET_LON_NWE_EAME&departureDate=2016-03-16&arrivalDate=2016-
03-15&lengthOfStay=1&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfAdults=1&numberOfChildren=0&currencyCode=USD
42
https://www.britishairways.com/travel/fx/public/en_us?eId=111011&timestamp=1114094642&source=continu
e&source=continue
43
http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=AZN

16. 16
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Photograph Credits
Rendering of the Azerbaijan Tower. 2015. Avesta Concern. Digital Image.
http://khazarislands.com. Web. 06 November 2015
Azerbaijan Tourism Logo. 2015. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of
Azerbaijan. Digital Image. http://azerbaijan.travel/en/. Web. 24 October
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