Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
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Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
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There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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Measles and rubella monthly update for the WHO European Region
1. Measles and rubella monthly update for the
WHO European Region
Data as of 2 October 2019
Vaccine-preventable Diseases and Immunization programme
Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases
5. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
1902
1924
2676
2751
2896
3705
3782
4756
10417
80184
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000
North Macedonia
Uzbekistan
France
Turkey
Kyrgyzstan
Russian Federation
Israel
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
Number of cases
Ten countries with the highest numbers of measles cases in the WHO European
Region, September 2018–August 2019
Out of 128 512 measles cases reported for September
2018–August 2019, 114 993 (89%) cases were reported by
these 10 countries.
5
6. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
Measles cases by month in the WHO European Region, 2017–August 2019
6
Criteria for date of case inclusion may differ in accordance with Member States’ surveillance systems.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
2017
(n=25868)
2018
(n=87499)
2019
(n=97503)
Numberofcases
Month
Lab confirmed Epi linked Clinically compatible
7. 7
Measles cases, MCV1 and MCV2 coverage by year in the WHO European Region,
2009–August 2019
Data source: 1) Measles cases – monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe or via ECDC/TESSy as of 2 October 2019.
2) MCV1 and MCV2 coverage - WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC) as of 15 July 2019.
MCV1: first dose of measles-containing vaccine
MCV2: second dose of measles-containing vaccine
7884
30604
33254
26788
32857
18869
28413
5273
25868
87499
97503
94 93 94 95 95 94 94 93
95 95
73
80
82 83
89 89 89 88
90 91
0
20
40
60
80
100
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
%Coverage
Year
Numberofcases
Measles cases MCV1 coverage MCV2 coverage
12. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
1466
2193
2203
2290
2686
2919
3160
5076
5204
53218
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Albania
Greece
Georgia
Russian Federation
Italy
France
Israel
Serbia
Romania
Ukraine
Number of cases
Ten countries with the highest numbers of measles cases in the WHO European
Region, 2018
Out of 87 499 measles cases reported for 2018,
80 415 (92%) cases were reported by these 10 countries.
12
13. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
Measles cases by month in the WHO European Region, 2016–2018
13
Criteria for date of case inclusion may differ in accordance with Member States’ surveillance systems.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2016
(n=5273)
2017
(n=25868)
2018
(n=87499)
Numberofcases
Month
Lab confirmed Epi linked Clinically compatible
14. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
Measles cases and incidence by age group and vaccination status in the WHO
European Region, 2018*
14
Population source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision.
*Age was unknown for 7 cases.
679
345
243
192
169
116
30
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
<1
(n=7484)
1–4
(n=15764)
5–9
(n=13898)
10–14
(n=10312)
15–19
(n=8706)
20–29
(n=13795)
30+
(n=17533)
Incidencepermillionpopulation
Numberofcases
Age group (years)
0 dose 1 dose 2+ doses Unknown Incidence
16. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
26
42
60
164
322
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Russian
Federation
Turkey
Germany
Ukraine
Poland
Number of cases
Five countries with the highest numbers of rubella cases in the WHO European
Region, September 2018–August 2019
16
Out of 680 rubella cases reported for September
2018–August 2019, 614 (90%) cases were reported
by these 5 countries.
17. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
Rubella cases by month in the WHO European Region, 2017–August 2019
17
Criteria for date of case inclusion may differ in accordance with Member States’ surveillance systems.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
2017
(n=702)
2018
(n=839)
2019
(n=492)
Numberofcases
Month
Lab confirmed Epi linked Clinically compatible
19. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
21
22
58
235
437
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Italy
Turkey
Germany
Ukraine
Poland
Number of cases
Five countries with the highest numbers of rubella cases in the WHO European
Region, 2018
19
Out of 839 rubella cases reported for 2018, 773 (92%)
cases were reported by these 5 countries.
20. Data source: Monthly aggregated and case-based data reported by Member States to WHO/Europe directly or via ECDC/TESSy data as of 2 October 2019
Rubella cases by month in the WHO European Region, 2016–2018
20
Criteria for date of case inclusion may differ in accordance with Member States’ surveillance systems.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2016
(n=1322)
2017
(n=702)
2018
(n=839)
Numberofcases
Month
Lab confirmed Epi linked Clinically compatible