Muhammad bin Qasim was a 17-year old Arab general sent by the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century to conquer territories in South Asia. He led successful campaigns against the kingdom of Sindh and its Hindu ruler Raja Dahir, seizing the ports of Debal, Nawabshah, and Multan. His conquests opened up new trade routes for Muslims and changed the political landscape of South Asia, though he was later unjustly killed due to his uncle's personal enmity with the Caliph.