This document discusses the properties and states of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass. Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance, such as mass, volume, density, and state of matter (solid, liquid, gas). A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that keep their own properties, while a solution is a type of mixture where particles are evenly mixed but not easy to separate. The state that matter exists in depends on temperature and pressure - it can change states between solid, liquid and gas through physical processes like melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation and condensation that involve adding or removing heat.

2. MATTER What is Matter?
matter - anything that takes up space and has mass.
http://jpundits.com/tag/solids

3. MATTER Physical Properties of Matter
physical properties- characteristics of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance into
something else.
OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED
1. taste
2. smell
3. touch
4. see solubility (can it dissolve?)
5. hear
(use metric tools to find specific info)
1. mass - balance
2. length – metric ruler
3. temperature- thermometer (ºC)
4. weight- spring scale
5. density
6. volume

4. MATTER Physical Properties of Matter
OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED
1. taste
2. smell
3. touch
4. see solubility (can it dissolve?)
5. hear
(use metric tools to find specific info)
1. mass - balance
2. length – metric ruler
3. temperature- thermometer (ºC)
4. weight- spring scale
5. density
6. volume
mass – the amount of matter in an object: always the same (no matter where you are in the
solar system), measured with a balance; all matter has some mass.
Ex. 100g on Earth will be 100g on the Moon
weight – depends on the amount of mater in an object and the force of gravity; not always the
same; measured using a spring scale.
(Moon has 1/6 the gravity of Earth.) Ex. Earth Mr. T 120 lbs.
Moon Mr. T 20 lbs.
volume- the amount of space that an object takes up

5. MATTER Physical Properties of Matter
OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED
1. taste
2. smell
3. touch
4. see solubility (can it dissolve?)
5. hear
(use metric tools to find specific info)
1. mass - balance
2. length – metric ruler
3. temperature- thermometer (ºC)
4. weight- spring scale
5. density
6. volume
density- the concentration of matter in an object.
(how the matter is packed or put together)
DENSITY = MASS ÷VOLUME
pure Substances always have the same density when measured under the same conditions
( Size does not make a difference)

6. MATTER What is a Mixture?
mixture- a combination of 2 or more different kinds of
matter, each which keeps its own physical properties.
(It is easy to separate a mixture)
The method used to separate mixtures into the substances
that make them up depends on the physical properties of
the substances.
EX. Sugar and iron filings mixture (easy to separate)
Salt and water solution (is NOT easy to separate)

7. MATTER What is Solubility?
When one substance dissolves in another, a solution is formed. It is a
type of mixture in which particles of the 2 substances are evenly mixed.
It is not easy to separate.
solubility – ability to be dissolved
MIXTURE SOLUTION
sand
sugar + iron fillings
salad black pepper + water
sugar + water
sea water
chocolate milk
rubbing alcohol
gases in the air
brass (zinc + copper)
All solutions are mixtures;
Not all mixtures are solutions

8. MATTER CHANGES in STATE
Which state matter is in depends on CONDITIONS at the time.
That is temperature and pressure.
Three States of Matter
I. Solid
A. definite shape
B. definite volume (space object takes up)
C. particles are very close together in a regular pattern
II. Liquid
A. no definite shape
B. flow and take the shape of its container
C. definite volume (space object takes up)
D. particles are packed together tightly; they slide over one another as they flow.
III. Gas
A. no definite shape (takes the shape of container)
B. no definite volume
C. particles are packed together the LEAST
D. the particles move the fastest

9. MATTER CHANGES in STATE
All substances can change states.
These are Physical changes.
1. freezing- liquid to solid
2. melting- solid to liquid
3. boiling- liquid to gas
4. evaporation- occurs when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid
and become gas (L –G)
5. condensation-changes a s substance from a gas to a liquid (G-L)
6. sublimation- change from a solid to a gas (S-G)
Changes in state
occur when HEAT is
added or removed.

10. MATTER CHANGES in STATE
Changes in state occur when HEAT is added or removed.
Add heat - particles gain energy; move faster and farther apart
Remove heat- particles slow down; particles move closer together
Every substance has its own TEMPERATURE at which it changes from a liquid to a
solid.
If it is a solid at room temperature, then it has a very high freezing point.
Water Freezes at 0º C
The temperature at which a substance melts and freezes is the SAME.
MELTING and FREEZING points are the same.
The point at which a liquid changes to a gas is its Boiling point.
Water Boils at 100º C
Substances can be identified by their BOILING and MELTING points.

11. MATTER CHANGES in STATE

12. MATTER The end