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MATERIALELÆRE
GRUNDFORLØB
Lars Henrik Petersen
KTS, Nørrebro.
1. HVORFOR MALER VI?
2. HVORFOR MALER VI?
3. HVORFOR MALER VI?
Hvorfor maler vi?
I MATERIALELÆRE SKAL VI VIDE
NOGET OM FØLGENDE BEGREBER:
Malematerialernes sammensætning
EN MALING BESTÅR TYPISK AF
FØLGENDE DELE:
• Viskositet = ændres ved forskellige temperaturer og ved
fortynding (viskositeten er et udtryk for, hvor tynd hhv. tyk en
lak er. Viskositeten har betydning for, hvordan lakken flyder,
hvordan sprøjtedyser skal indstilles, hvor tykt et lag der kan
påføres osv.)
• Texotropisk = Utrolig let at påføre uden løbere (texotropisk)
• Flydeevne = glykol/additiver som gør det muligt at male en flot
overflade, uden strøg fejl
FORTYNDING OG
OPLØSNINGSMIDLER
Vand er det eneste uorganiske fortyndings – og
opløsningsmiddel, der findes.
I maling virker vand som et fortyndingsmiddel og i eks.
tørklister virker det som et opløsningsmiddel.
Glykol kan være indbygget i et bindemiddel som blødgøringsmiddel og forhindre
endvidere vandet i malingen at fordampe for hurtigt.
Sprit anvendes i enkelte malerprodukter som fx i shellak
Mineralsk terpentin anvendes primært som opløsnings- og
fortyndingsmiddel i alkydmalinger.
Cellulosefortynder bruges i specielle malervare. Til
tros for navnet indeholder materialet ikke cellulose,
men en kombination af opløsningsmidler som fx toluen
og acetone.
LIM som bindemiddel
Lim har gennem århundrede været anvendt som bindemiddel i maling
Celluloselim og klister fremstilles af træstof fra bøgetræ, fyrretræ og
halm. Tilligere blev det brugt som bindemiddel i limfarve der anvendtes
på lofter og vægge. I dag bruger vi det stort set kun til tapetopsætning.
Stivelsesklister bliver lavet af rugmel eller kartoffelmel
med alkali, ” alkalisk, ældre kemisk betegnelse for basisk. Ordet bruges
stadigvæk, idet alkalier(hydroxider af alkalimetaller) opløst i vand hører til de mest
anvendte stærke baser.” hvorved der frigives stivelsesholdligt
limstof. Anvendes til tapetopsætning.
Læderlim har været kendt siden oldtiden, og
middelalderens kunstmalere anvendte den i stor
udstrækning som bindemiddel.
• Bindemidler i malerfaget er fx
PVA-plast, acrylplast, syren,
epoxy, polyuretan. Afhængig af
bindemidlernes forskellige
egenskaber kan de fortyndes
med vand eller specialfortynder.
• I de fleste materialer vi arbejder
med, kaldes bindemidlet en
dispersion og fælles for dem alle
er, at de kan fortyndes med
vand.
• Tre forskellige monomere,
kædes sammen og danner
molekyleklumper. Alle plast-
dispersioner er opbygget af
lignende plastkugler , der er
BINDEMIDLER:
10 MIN. PAUSE
INDTRÆNGNING OG
BINDEMIDLER
BINDEMIDLER OG TØRRING:
DISPERSION
KEMISK TØRRING: EMULSION
KVÆLDNING /
VANDBESTANDIGHED:
DIFFUSIONSÅBEN:
VANDBESTANDIGHED:
SLUT

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Materialelærer 1 Grundforløb 2 for bygningsmalere

  • 6. I MATERIALELÆRE SKAL VI VIDE NOGET OM FØLGENDE BEGREBER: Malematerialernes sammensætning
  • 7. EN MALING BESTÅR TYPISK AF FØLGENDE DELE: • Viskositet = ændres ved forskellige temperaturer og ved fortynding (viskositeten er et udtryk for, hvor tynd hhv. tyk en lak er. Viskositeten har betydning for, hvordan lakken flyder, hvordan sprøjtedyser skal indstilles, hvor tykt et lag der kan påføres osv.) • Texotropisk = Utrolig let at påføre uden løbere (texotropisk) • Flydeevne = glykol/additiver som gør det muligt at male en flot overflade, uden strøg fejl
  • 8. FORTYNDING OG OPLØSNINGSMIDLER Vand er det eneste uorganiske fortyndings – og opløsningsmiddel, der findes. I maling virker vand som et fortyndingsmiddel og i eks. tørklister virker det som et opløsningsmiddel. Glykol kan være indbygget i et bindemiddel som blødgøringsmiddel og forhindre endvidere vandet i malingen at fordampe for hurtigt. Sprit anvendes i enkelte malerprodukter som fx i shellak Mineralsk terpentin anvendes primært som opløsnings- og fortyndingsmiddel i alkydmalinger. Cellulosefortynder bruges i specielle malervare. Til tros for navnet indeholder materialet ikke cellulose, men en kombination af opløsningsmidler som fx toluen og acetone.
  • 9. LIM som bindemiddel Lim har gennem århundrede været anvendt som bindemiddel i maling Celluloselim og klister fremstilles af træstof fra bøgetræ, fyrretræ og halm. Tilligere blev det brugt som bindemiddel i limfarve der anvendtes på lofter og vægge. I dag bruger vi det stort set kun til tapetopsætning. Stivelsesklister bliver lavet af rugmel eller kartoffelmel med alkali, ” alkalisk, ældre kemisk betegnelse for basisk. Ordet bruges stadigvæk, idet alkalier(hydroxider af alkalimetaller) opløst i vand hører til de mest anvendte stærke baser.” hvorved der frigives stivelsesholdligt limstof. Anvendes til tapetopsætning. Læderlim har været kendt siden oldtiden, og middelalderens kunstmalere anvendte den i stor udstrækning som bindemiddel.
  • 10. • Bindemidler i malerfaget er fx PVA-plast, acrylplast, syren, epoxy, polyuretan. Afhængig af bindemidlernes forskellige egenskaber kan de fortyndes med vand eller specialfortynder. • I de fleste materialer vi arbejder med, kaldes bindemidlet en dispersion og fælles for dem alle er, at de kan fortyndes med vand. • Tre forskellige monomere, kædes sammen og danner molekyleklumper. Alle plast- dispersioner er opbygget af lignende plastkugler , der er BINDEMIDLER:
  • 18. SLUT