This document presents the research objectives and hypotheses for a study examining the likelihood of Griffith University Gold Coast students to buy produce online. The study aims to investigate students' perceptions of online produce shopping and determine what factors would encourage them to switch from brick-and-mortar stores. Surveys were administered to students to collect data on demographics, shopping habits, and preferences regarding price, quality, convenience and other attributes. Statistical tests will analyze the data and hypotheses. Key factors hypothesized to influence online shopping preferences include price, convenience, job status, gender, transportation access and store attributes.
This report provides an updated competent person's report on the gemstone assets of Shefa Gems Ltd in Israel. It summarizes the results of Shefa Gems' exploration program, which included drilling, bulk sampling, and mineral processing to estimate a maiden mineral resource for its Kishon River Mid-Reach Project. The report details the geology of the project area, describes the exploration work conducted between 2016-2019, presents analytical data on minerals recovered, and estimates a mineral resource of 191,500 tonnes with a total gemstone content valued at over $100 million for the Kishon Mid-Reach deposits. The report concludes by recommending Shefa Gems continue with its exploration and mining activities to further develop the project
This document provides an overview of petroleum exploration. It describes the life cycle of an oil and gas field, including the exploration, appraisal and development, production, and abandonment phases. The exploration process involves studying surface features like oil seeps and outcrops to identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Subsurface data from techniques like seismic surveys is also used. Basin analysis examines sedimentary basins where source rocks may have generated hydrocarbons that migrated and were trapped in reservoir rocks. The goal is to identify "petroleum plays" with the highest probability of containing producible oil and gas to justify drilling exploratory wells. Subsurface data acquisition methods help map underground geology before drilling begins.
An introduction to rheology fluid dynamics h a barnesNad2014
The document is an introduction to the book "An Introduction to Rheology" by Barnes, Hutton, and Walters. It provides an overview of the book's contents and objectives. The authors aim to provide an accessible introduction to rheology for newcomers without a strong mathematical background. They summarize key topics but minimize mathematical content in early chapters. Their goal is to ease readers into rheology's complexities and point them to more detailed references. The book is intended as an important first text for scientists and engineers seeking an initial understanding of the subject.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) - from analysing methodology development to intro...Janie Ling Chin
This document reviews the development of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology from the past decade. It analyzes 115 sources on LCA methodology, categorizing them into review articles and other literature. The analysis finds that review articles have shifted focus from overall LCA to single phases, with 44% of other literature reporting on life cycle impact assessment. The document then discusses developments in goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, and life cycle impact assessment methodology. It identifies areas for future development and introduces an LCA framework for marine photovoltaic systems to enhance applicability.
Life Cycle Thinking Longform Locus ResearchLocus Research
This document summarizes research into life cycle inventory (LCI) practice in New Zealand. It conducted interviews with key LCI practitioners to understand the current status of LCI and life cycle thinking. The interviews found that practitioners use LCI for a wide range of applications, including infrastructure modeling. However, challenges remain around LCI use by small- and medium-sized enterprises, data compatibility and availability, and expanding life cycle thinking nationally. The research concludes with recommendations to address challenges and further LCI development in New Zealand.
The engagement of civil society in the decennial safety reviews of the Fessenheim nuclear power plant in France involved the Local Information Commission of Fessenheim (CLI) commissioning external expert assessments of the reviews. This process was part of broader efforts in France from the 1980s to 2010s to open nuclear governance to civil society. The CLI participated in all three reviews from 1989 to 2012. A national process from 2009 further facilitated CLIs' involvement in reviews across France. Analysis found the process contributed to understanding of safety, defining safety as a public concern, and building some trust between actors.
The CODE Chair's foreword discusses the importance of development evaluations in measuring the success of development banks like the AfDB. Unlike commercial banks, development banks are measured by development outcomes rather than profits. In 2015, IDEV conducted complex evaluations of the Bank's development results, capital increase, funding commitments, country strategies, and impact evaluations. The foreword notes the Board and CODE's dependence on evaluations to properly do their jobs and provide oversight. It also acknowledges IDEV's role in providing independent and high-quality evaluations while maintaining trust with Management and staff. Going forward, fully implementing recommendations and striking the right balance in evaluation volume and quality will be important.
Bipin J. Sharma is seeking a position in procurement where he can evaluate suppliers and help reduce costs. He has over 15 years of experience as a Purchase Assistant where he assisted with purchases, ensured cost and quality, maintained reports, and tracked inventory. Bipin has a bachelor's degree in commerce, diploma in computer hardware, and skills in communication, administration, and analysis. He is looking to contribute his talents and experience to a new organization.
This report provides an updated competent person's report on the gemstone assets of Shefa Gems Ltd in Israel. It summarizes the results of Shefa Gems' exploration program, which included drilling, bulk sampling, and mineral processing to estimate a maiden mineral resource for its Kishon River Mid-Reach Project. The report details the geology of the project area, describes the exploration work conducted between 2016-2019, presents analytical data on minerals recovered, and estimates a mineral resource of 191,500 tonnes with a total gemstone content valued at over $100 million for the Kishon Mid-Reach deposits. The report concludes by recommending Shefa Gems continue with its exploration and mining activities to further develop the project
This document provides an overview of petroleum exploration. It describes the life cycle of an oil and gas field, including the exploration, appraisal and development, production, and abandonment phases. The exploration process involves studying surface features like oil seeps and outcrops to identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Subsurface data from techniques like seismic surveys is also used. Basin analysis examines sedimentary basins where source rocks may have generated hydrocarbons that migrated and were trapped in reservoir rocks. The goal is to identify "petroleum plays" with the highest probability of containing producible oil and gas to justify drilling exploratory wells. Subsurface data acquisition methods help map underground geology before drilling begins.
An introduction to rheology fluid dynamics h a barnesNad2014
The document is an introduction to the book "An Introduction to Rheology" by Barnes, Hutton, and Walters. It provides an overview of the book's contents and objectives. The authors aim to provide an accessible introduction to rheology for newcomers without a strong mathematical background. They summarize key topics but minimize mathematical content in early chapters. Their goal is to ease readers into rheology's complexities and point them to more detailed references. The book is intended as an important first text for scientists and engineers seeking an initial understanding of the subject.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) - from analysing methodology development to intro...Janie Ling Chin
This document reviews the development of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology from the past decade. It analyzes 115 sources on LCA methodology, categorizing them into review articles and other literature. The analysis finds that review articles have shifted focus from overall LCA to single phases, with 44% of other literature reporting on life cycle impact assessment. The document then discusses developments in goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, and life cycle impact assessment methodology. It identifies areas for future development and introduces an LCA framework for marine photovoltaic systems to enhance applicability.
Life Cycle Thinking Longform Locus ResearchLocus Research
This document summarizes research into life cycle inventory (LCI) practice in New Zealand. It conducted interviews with key LCI practitioners to understand the current status of LCI and life cycle thinking. The interviews found that practitioners use LCI for a wide range of applications, including infrastructure modeling. However, challenges remain around LCI use by small- and medium-sized enterprises, data compatibility and availability, and expanding life cycle thinking nationally. The research concludes with recommendations to address challenges and further LCI development in New Zealand.
The engagement of civil society in the decennial safety reviews of the Fessenheim nuclear power plant in France involved the Local Information Commission of Fessenheim (CLI) commissioning external expert assessments of the reviews. This process was part of broader efforts in France from the 1980s to 2010s to open nuclear governance to civil society. The CLI participated in all three reviews from 1989 to 2012. A national process from 2009 further facilitated CLIs' involvement in reviews across France. Analysis found the process contributed to understanding of safety, defining safety as a public concern, and building some trust between actors.
The CODE Chair's foreword discusses the importance of development evaluations in measuring the success of development banks like the AfDB. Unlike commercial banks, development banks are measured by development outcomes rather than profits. In 2015, IDEV conducted complex evaluations of the Bank's development results, capital increase, funding commitments, country strategies, and impact evaluations. The foreword notes the Board and CODE's dependence on evaluations to properly do their jobs and provide oversight. It also acknowledges IDEV's role in providing independent and high-quality evaluations while maintaining trust with Management and staff. Going forward, fully implementing recommendations and striking the right balance in evaluation volume and quality will be important.
Bipin J. Sharma is seeking a position in procurement where he can evaluate suppliers and help reduce costs. He has over 15 years of experience as a Purchase Assistant where he assisted with purchases, ensured cost and quality, maintained reports, and tracked inventory. Bipin has a bachelor's degree in commerce, diploma in computer hardware, and skills in communication, administration, and analysis. He is looking to contribute his talents and experience to a new organization.
2-2. Startup Ecosystem of Denmark and Innovation Centre Denmark_021517D.CAMP
Startup Ecosystem of Denmark and Innovation Centre Denmark was introduced by Seo Kim, Sr. Innovation Officer of Innovation Centre Denmark, Embassy of Denmark to Korea.
Strategic design as catalyst for organizational innovativenessJoakim Formo
Slides from a talk about how design shapes both an organization's 'output' as well as the organization itself. Presented at HelsIT 2015, Trondheim, Norway.
Glosarium card teks debat, salman x mm3 vocsten malangNuril anwar
Glosarium card teks debat, salman x mm3 vocsten malang
adalah hasil karya siswa dalam rangka membangun konsep dengan browsing mengamati-menginterpretasi-mendiskusikan....menyimpulkan agar memahami teks debat sehingga mampu berdebat dengan benar. kesalahan sudah wajar, mohon kritik dan saran demi perbaikan
This document is a thesis submitted by Gary Hopkins to the University of Cape Town in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Sciences degree in Civil Engineering. The thesis investigates the post-buckling behavior of shell structures through highly non-linear analysis. It implements an elasto-plastic constitutive law within the framework of SESKA, a C++ analysis code, to model shell structures using three-dimensional continuum mechanics while avoiding simplifications of shell geometry and behavior. Simple shell structures are analyzed to gain preliminary understanding of post-buckling behavior and determine the feasibility of the methods employed for further analyses. Results will be benchmarked against other verified analyses that used specialized shell elements and visco-plastic material laws.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Crian Padayachee to Portobello College – Dublin and the University of Wales – Cardiff in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in International Business. The dissertation examines the critical success factors in the global consumer microprocessor market through a case study comparison of Intel and AMD. A mixed-method survey was conducted with 362 respondents to identify the most significant factors for success. The analyzed survey data revealed that AMD needs to better manage collaborators while paying close attention to consumer desires to avoid underestimating market wants.
The document provides a functional requirements document for an EA research tool called xELArate. It outlines the following:
1. The tool will automatically research VMware data sources to gather potential EA's associated with a customer and automatically evaluate and prioritize them.
2. It will allow users to save EA relationships for future use and minimize subsequent research needs.
3. The tool will be integrated with VMStar, MyVMware, Oracle and other data sources to perform the research. It will also integrate with the new customer master system.
4. The document describes the in-scope and out-of-scope requirements, proposed system design including the research flow, rule execution, display of results,
Testing The Validity Of Hydraulic Losses Described In The CIRIA Methodology F...Chiko Tembo
This document presents research testing the validity of hydraulic loss descriptions in the CIRIA guidance methodology against the Hydraulic Design Manual from the Texas Department of Transportation. The research involves hydraulic modelling of a culvert on the River Calder in Todmorden, UK during recent flood events. Model inputs like culvert geometry and roughness coefficients are extracted from the two guidance documents and compared. Preliminary results found that the CIRIA methodology does not overestimate losses as hypothesized, and may outperform the Texas methodology. The full research aims to improve representation of culvert inlet losses in UK hydraulic modelling.
This report presents findings from an ecological assessment study conducted at Kharochann, Pakistan from 2010-2011. The study assessed the fauna, including large and small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds. It also analyzed the physico-chemical properties of water bodies. A variety of survey methods were used including direct observations, interviews, pellet counts and water sampling. Several threatened species were recorded including the Grey Hog Deer and Smooth-coated Otter. Degradation of habitat and intrusion of sea water were found to be major threats. The report recommends conservation actions and further research to improve management of biodiversity in Kharochann.
We are looking for Co-Founder and Investors who interested on the Coconut Industry will establish in Indonesia. I have all the technology for processing the coconut and waste product.
The total investment is US$. 50 Million, for machinery, mobilization and working capital.
This information with the author Nigel Smith, Nguyen My Ha, Vien Kim Cuong, Hoang Thi Thu Dong, Nguyen Truc Son, Bob Baulch, Nguyen Thi Le Thuy done for Vietnam, but the business will do in Indonesia.
Prosperity Initative.
Applying the GNST to the Engie IT RAL-finalGeert Haerens
This document applies the Generalised Normalised Systems Theory (GNST) to the Engie IT Reference Architecture Library (RAL). It demonstrates the application of a GNST artefact to three infrastructure services in the RAL - Housing, Hosting, and Proxy. For each service, the artefact describes the concerns, states, versions, and instances. It shows how the artefact captures the evolution of each service across multiple versions. The document also evaluates the value of the artefact for documenting the RAL, aiding architects, and advancing the GNST. In appendices, it includes detailed examples of applying the artefact to different versions of the Housing, Hosting, and Proxy services.
Thesis: Location Specific Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment - An expl...Ronan Coy
A thesis researching Location Specific Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment of Japanese firms investing in Ireland. This thesis uses the Kano Model for the first time as a lens to examine FDI. Submitted to the National University of Ireland, Galway as part of my Masters in Technology Managment.
Determining Public Perceptions and understanding of the role of Nuclear Techn...Chantal Janneker
This document is a research report submitted to the University of South Africa in partial fulfillment of a Masters degree in Business Administration. The report examines public perceptions and understanding of the role of nuclear technology in South Africa. It includes 8 research objectives aimed at determining the South African public's knowledge of and views on nuclear energy. The report provides background on the global and South African nuclear industries and regulatory frameworks. It also presents a literature review related to each research objective and a discussion of the research methodology used, which involved a survey to collect data on public perceptions. The results and discussion chapter analyzes the survey findings for each research objective. In conclusion, the report summarizes the key findings and their implications.
This document is a research report submitted to the University of South Africa in partial fulfillment of a Masters degree in Business Administration. The report examines public perceptions and understanding of the role of nuclear technology in South Africa. It includes 8 research objectives to determine various aspects of public knowledge and views on nuclear energy. The report provides background on the global and South African nuclear industries. It also reviews the relevant nuclear legislative and policy framework in South Africa. The literature review covers each research objective and analyzes public perspectives on nuclear topics. The methodology section describes the research design and data collection methods. The results and discussion section analyzes survey data according to each research objective. In conclusion, the report summarizes the key findings and provides recommendations.
This document provides an overview of the Daegu Gyeongbuk International Social Network Conference (DISC) that will take place from October 29-31, 2015 in Daegu, South Korea. The conference theme is on big data and network-based future strategies, and it will feature keynote speeches, panel discussions, poster sessions, and recorded presentations. Previous DISCs in 2013 and 2014 also focused on social networks, big data, and collaboration, and attracted papers and participants from various countries.
This document is a thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree at Auckland University of Technology. The thesis examines building materials supply chains in the New Zealand residential construction sector through an evaluative study. The introduction outlines the research problem, aim, objectives, questions and methodology. It identifies limitations and assumptions. The literature review covers topics on supply chain management, the construction supply chain, the New Zealand construction industry and identifies research gaps. The research methodology chapter describes the research design which includes semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire survey and validation interviews. It discusses the research approach, strategies, techniques and data analysis. The findings chapters present the results of the primary research conducted with manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, architects and homeowners. The
Processes of Small Culvert Inspection and Asset ManagementJustin Bowers
This document summarizes a study on improving the processes for inspecting and managing small culverts for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Researchers evaluated INDOT's current inspection practices for approximately 700 small culverts and catch basins. They collected data using both the traditional inspection method and a new asset management scale. The study recommends changes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of INDOT's culvert inspection and asset management practices. Recommendations include adding photos to inspection records, revising rating scales, improving inventory processes, and dedicating staff to complete inspections. The goal is to build a reliable database to analyze inspection trends and culvert longevity over time to support optimized asset management.
USGS Sampling and Analysis Plan for 2 Test Water Wells in Pavillion, WYMarcellus Drilling News
Report issued by the U.S. Geological Survey titled "Sampling and Analysis Plan for the Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Two Monitoring Wells near Pavillion, Wyoming". In June 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency installed two deep monitoring wells (MW01 and MW02) near Pavillion, Wyoming to study groundwater quality. The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, designed a plan to collect groundwater data from these monitoring wells. This sampling and analysis plan describes the sampling equipment that will be used, well purging strategy, purge water disposal, sample collection and processing, field and laboratory sample analysis, equipment decontamination, and quality-assurance and quality-control procedures.
This master's thesis assesses the effect of production well design parameters on hydrate formation. It uses nodal analysis software to model different well systems and conduct sensitivity analyses on parameters like tubing diameter, separator pressure, insulation, and water cut. The analyses show how these parameters can impact hydrate stability and formation risk with and without thermodynamic inhibitors. The thesis concludes by comparing hydrate risks between different fluid and environmental conditions and proposing areas for further research.
2-2. Startup Ecosystem of Denmark and Innovation Centre Denmark_021517D.CAMP
Startup Ecosystem of Denmark and Innovation Centre Denmark was introduced by Seo Kim, Sr. Innovation Officer of Innovation Centre Denmark, Embassy of Denmark to Korea.
Strategic design as catalyst for organizational innovativenessJoakim Formo
Slides from a talk about how design shapes both an organization's 'output' as well as the organization itself. Presented at HelsIT 2015, Trondheim, Norway.
Glosarium card teks debat, salman x mm3 vocsten malangNuril anwar
Glosarium card teks debat, salman x mm3 vocsten malang
adalah hasil karya siswa dalam rangka membangun konsep dengan browsing mengamati-menginterpretasi-mendiskusikan....menyimpulkan agar memahami teks debat sehingga mampu berdebat dengan benar. kesalahan sudah wajar, mohon kritik dan saran demi perbaikan
This document is a thesis submitted by Gary Hopkins to the University of Cape Town in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Sciences degree in Civil Engineering. The thesis investigates the post-buckling behavior of shell structures through highly non-linear analysis. It implements an elasto-plastic constitutive law within the framework of SESKA, a C++ analysis code, to model shell structures using three-dimensional continuum mechanics while avoiding simplifications of shell geometry and behavior. Simple shell structures are analyzed to gain preliminary understanding of post-buckling behavior and determine the feasibility of the methods employed for further analyses. Results will be benchmarked against other verified analyses that used specialized shell elements and visco-plastic material laws.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Crian Padayachee to Portobello College – Dublin and the University of Wales – Cardiff in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in International Business. The dissertation examines the critical success factors in the global consumer microprocessor market through a case study comparison of Intel and AMD. A mixed-method survey was conducted with 362 respondents to identify the most significant factors for success. The analyzed survey data revealed that AMD needs to better manage collaborators while paying close attention to consumer desires to avoid underestimating market wants.
The document provides a functional requirements document for an EA research tool called xELArate. It outlines the following:
1. The tool will automatically research VMware data sources to gather potential EA's associated with a customer and automatically evaluate and prioritize them.
2. It will allow users to save EA relationships for future use and minimize subsequent research needs.
3. The tool will be integrated with VMStar, MyVMware, Oracle and other data sources to perform the research. It will also integrate with the new customer master system.
4. The document describes the in-scope and out-of-scope requirements, proposed system design including the research flow, rule execution, display of results,
Testing The Validity Of Hydraulic Losses Described In The CIRIA Methodology F...Chiko Tembo
This document presents research testing the validity of hydraulic loss descriptions in the CIRIA guidance methodology against the Hydraulic Design Manual from the Texas Department of Transportation. The research involves hydraulic modelling of a culvert on the River Calder in Todmorden, UK during recent flood events. Model inputs like culvert geometry and roughness coefficients are extracted from the two guidance documents and compared. Preliminary results found that the CIRIA methodology does not overestimate losses as hypothesized, and may outperform the Texas methodology. The full research aims to improve representation of culvert inlet losses in UK hydraulic modelling.
This report presents findings from an ecological assessment study conducted at Kharochann, Pakistan from 2010-2011. The study assessed the fauna, including large and small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds. It also analyzed the physico-chemical properties of water bodies. A variety of survey methods were used including direct observations, interviews, pellet counts and water sampling. Several threatened species were recorded including the Grey Hog Deer and Smooth-coated Otter. Degradation of habitat and intrusion of sea water were found to be major threats. The report recommends conservation actions and further research to improve management of biodiversity in Kharochann.
We are looking for Co-Founder and Investors who interested on the Coconut Industry will establish in Indonesia. I have all the technology for processing the coconut and waste product.
The total investment is US$. 50 Million, for machinery, mobilization and working capital.
This information with the author Nigel Smith, Nguyen My Ha, Vien Kim Cuong, Hoang Thi Thu Dong, Nguyen Truc Son, Bob Baulch, Nguyen Thi Le Thuy done for Vietnam, but the business will do in Indonesia.
Prosperity Initative.
Applying the GNST to the Engie IT RAL-finalGeert Haerens
This document applies the Generalised Normalised Systems Theory (GNST) to the Engie IT Reference Architecture Library (RAL). It demonstrates the application of a GNST artefact to three infrastructure services in the RAL - Housing, Hosting, and Proxy. For each service, the artefact describes the concerns, states, versions, and instances. It shows how the artefact captures the evolution of each service across multiple versions. The document also evaluates the value of the artefact for documenting the RAL, aiding architects, and advancing the GNST. In appendices, it includes detailed examples of applying the artefact to different versions of the Housing, Hosting, and Proxy services.
Thesis: Location Specific Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment - An expl...Ronan Coy
A thesis researching Location Specific Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment of Japanese firms investing in Ireland. This thesis uses the Kano Model for the first time as a lens to examine FDI. Submitted to the National University of Ireland, Galway as part of my Masters in Technology Managment.
Determining Public Perceptions and understanding of the role of Nuclear Techn...Chantal Janneker
This document is a research report submitted to the University of South Africa in partial fulfillment of a Masters degree in Business Administration. The report examines public perceptions and understanding of the role of nuclear technology in South Africa. It includes 8 research objectives aimed at determining the South African public's knowledge of and views on nuclear energy. The report provides background on the global and South African nuclear industries and regulatory frameworks. It also presents a literature review related to each research objective and a discussion of the research methodology used, which involved a survey to collect data on public perceptions. The results and discussion chapter analyzes the survey findings for each research objective. In conclusion, the report summarizes the key findings and their implications.
This document is a research report submitted to the University of South Africa in partial fulfillment of a Masters degree in Business Administration. The report examines public perceptions and understanding of the role of nuclear technology in South Africa. It includes 8 research objectives to determine various aspects of public knowledge and views on nuclear energy. The report provides background on the global and South African nuclear industries. It also reviews the relevant nuclear legislative and policy framework in South Africa. The literature review covers each research objective and analyzes public perspectives on nuclear topics. The methodology section describes the research design and data collection methods. The results and discussion section analyzes survey data according to each research objective. In conclusion, the report summarizes the key findings and provides recommendations.
This document provides an overview of the Daegu Gyeongbuk International Social Network Conference (DISC) that will take place from October 29-31, 2015 in Daegu, South Korea. The conference theme is on big data and network-based future strategies, and it will feature keynote speeches, panel discussions, poster sessions, and recorded presentations. Previous DISCs in 2013 and 2014 also focused on social networks, big data, and collaboration, and attracted papers and participants from various countries.
This document is a thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree at Auckland University of Technology. The thesis examines building materials supply chains in the New Zealand residential construction sector through an evaluative study. The introduction outlines the research problem, aim, objectives, questions and methodology. It identifies limitations and assumptions. The literature review covers topics on supply chain management, the construction supply chain, the New Zealand construction industry and identifies research gaps. The research methodology chapter describes the research design which includes semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire survey and validation interviews. It discusses the research approach, strategies, techniques and data analysis. The findings chapters present the results of the primary research conducted with manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, architects and homeowners. The
Processes of Small Culvert Inspection and Asset ManagementJustin Bowers
This document summarizes a study on improving the processes for inspecting and managing small culverts for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Researchers evaluated INDOT's current inspection practices for approximately 700 small culverts and catch basins. They collected data using both the traditional inspection method and a new asset management scale. The study recommends changes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of INDOT's culvert inspection and asset management practices. Recommendations include adding photos to inspection records, revising rating scales, improving inventory processes, and dedicating staff to complete inspections. The goal is to build a reliable database to analyze inspection trends and culvert longevity over time to support optimized asset management.
USGS Sampling and Analysis Plan for 2 Test Water Wells in Pavillion, WYMarcellus Drilling News
Report issued by the U.S. Geological Survey titled "Sampling and Analysis Plan for the Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Two Monitoring Wells near Pavillion, Wyoming". In June 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency installed two deep monitoring wells (MW01 and MW02) near Pavillion, Wyoming to study groundwater quality. The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, designed a plan to collect groundwater data from these monitoring wells. This sampling and analysis plan describes the sampling equipment that will be used, well purging strategy, purge water disposal, sample collection and processing, field and laboratory sample analysis, equipment decontamination, and quality-assurance and quality-control procedures.
This master's thesis assesses the effect of production well design parameters on hydrate formation. It uses nodal analysis software to model different well systems and conduct sensitivity analyses on parameters like tubing diameter, separator pressure, insulation, and water cut. The analyses show how these parameters can impact hydrate stability and formation risk with and without thermodynamic inhibitors. The thesis concludes by comparing hydrate risks between different fluid and environmental conditions and proposing areas for further research.
This document discusses liquid phase heterogeneous catalysis and tools to study catalysts. It notes that catalysis is important in the chemical industry, with 85-90% of products relying on catalytic processes. Multiphase catalytic processes involve mass transfer steps as reactants move between gas, liquid and solid phases to interact with catalyst surfaces. Concentration gradients can form and impact selectivity. New catalytic structures like thin catalyst layers on monoliths aim to improve mass transfer. Transient response techniques that can rapidly detect multiple species simultaneously would provide deeper insight into adsorption and reaction mechanisms in liquid phase catalysis, but few such techniques currently exist for liquid phase studies.
This document is a final year project report for a BSc in Computer Science and Information Technology. It discusses the development of a mobile app to help elderly people with memory difficulties. The report outlines the stages of dementia, existing apps for the elderly, functional requirements for the new app, and the technical specifications for developing it using Apple's iOS platform. It then provides a case study of users testing the app, analyzing the results and feedback received to evaluate the tool's effectiveness in helping users relive memories and provide enjoyment.
The document is Karen Deller's doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Johannesburg. The thesis examines the design and implementation of a Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) programme for the South African insurance sector. It presents the background and context for RPL and the research. The methodology used a qualitative programme evaluation approach involving interviews and case studies to understand participants' experiences of the RPL process. Key findings from the data analysis are also summarized.
The document is Karen Deller's doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Johannesburg. The thesis examines the design and implementation of a Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) programme for the South African insurance sector. It presents the background and context for RPL and the research. The methodology used a qualitative programme evaluation approach involving interviews and case studies to understand participants' experiences of the RPL process. Key findings from the data analysis are also summarized.
1. 1
Examination of the Likelihood of Griffith Gold
Coast University Students
to buy produce Online
Individual Market Research Report
7207MKT Market Research Course
–
Course Convenor: Dr Helen Perkins
Griffith University Gold Coast campus, QLD
By
Robert KriTikos
s2788287
21 October 2011
2. 2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................1
Abstract................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................5
Problem Definition...............................................................................................................................7
Research Question...............................................................................................................................7
Research Objectives.............................................................................................................................7
Research Objective 1 .......................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis 1.................................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis 2.................................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis 3.................................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis 4.................................................................................................................................7
Research Objective 2 .......................................................................................................................7
Hypothesis 5.................................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 6.................................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 7.................................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 8.................................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 9.................................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 10...............................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 11...............................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis 12...............................................................................................................................8
Methodology........................................................................................................................................9
Participants ......................................................................................................................................9
Survey Instrument............................................................................................................................9
Procedure.......................................................................................................................................10
Ethics..............................................................................................................................................10
Results................................................................................................................................................11
Descriptives....................................................................................................................................11
Hypotheses Testing....................................................................................................................13
Research Objective 1 .................................................................................................................13
Hypothesis 1...............................................................................................................................13
Hypothesis 2...............................................................................................................................15
Hypothesis 3...............................................................................................................................16
Hypothesis 4...............................................................................................................................17
Research Objective 2 .................................................................................................................18
Hypothesis 5...............................................................................................................................18
Hypothesis 6...............................................................................................................................19
Hypothesis 7...............................................................................................................................20
Hypothesis 8...............................................................................................................................21
Hypothesis 9...............................................................................................................................22
Hypothesis 10.............................................................................................................................22
Hypothesis 11.............................................................................................................................23
Hypothesis 12.............................................................................................................................23
Discussion...........................................................................................................................................25
Implications........................................................................................................................................26
Limitations and Recommodation.......................................................................................................27
Citation...............................................................................................................................................28
4. 4
Abstract
The study determines how likely university students are to buy their produce online. The study has
been conducted at Griffith University Gold Coast campus. Students of various disciplines were
asked to fill out a survey that consisted of 14 questions regarding students’ demographics, grocery
shopping habits and specific factors that would encourage them to buy produce online. Nominal
type of data was collected within categorical level of mesurement. Numerical type of data was
collected by using Likert scales of measurement. Twelve hypotheses were tested against a
significance level of .05 (p‐value). Tests included independent samples t test, ANOVAs, correlations
as well as regressions. Categorical data was analysed by reporting frequencies and percentages.
The underlying result of the study was that students were not particularly interested in the idea of
buying produce online as the majority stated that they were unlikely to buy groceries online.
However, respondents emphasized on the importance of ‘price’ followed by ‘quality’ as a factor
that would encorage them to buy groceries online. It can be therefore inferred that focusing on
these two aspects would in fact increase the liklihood of the respondents of buying produce
online.
5. 5
Introduction
Research from Boston in 2006 found that 98% of college students have made purchases online
(Experience Inc, 2011). When a study of online grocery shopping was completed in Denmark
and the United Kingdom, there were a variety of factors to consider. Many participants viewed
online shopping in terms of attributes offered, and beliefs towards the products and service
(Ramus & Nielson, 2005). The customers were impressed with online grocery shopping
because of its convenience and lack of line‐ups. Also, avoiding crowded shops that require
lengthy commutes, visits, and competing with other customers was viewed as a positive
attribute. Customers had concerns with the degree of risk associated with online shopping,
specifically the trust and payment system. There was also a belief that selection and quality
may be compromised, or a visit online in lieu of a visit to the grocery store may cause the
customer to miss specials or sales. As well, customers expressed a concern with the complaint
process related to online shopping, as they would not be interacting with other people during
the purchase process. The sphere of influence was an important factor as to why customers
began shopping online, as was their exposure to advertisements for the sites. Furthermore,
many customers said they started online shopping through accidental browsing, or following
links from related commercial sites (Ramus & Nielson, 2005).
Research performed on university students in 2009 focused on the shopping habits of
university students, with a focus on internet clothing shops compared to brick and mortar
shops (Arnaudovska, Bankston, Simurkova, & Budden, 2010). It was found that university
students have a technological focus, and were comfortable shopping online. The respondents
believed shopping online was the best way to get the best price and value for their time,
however, the 80.6% of the students still responded that they were likely to make purchases in
store, rather than online (Arnaudovska et al, 2010).
Students in Newcastle University, United Kingdom were studied to determine if there is an
association between time and food shopping (Dobson & Ness, 2009). Convenience was found
as a significant factor for students in terms of their buying behaviour. As well, three distinct
segments of buying behaviour were identified, allowing for better targeting of products and
services. However, this research was not generalizable, as it relied on a small convenience
sample. The researchers themselves state, “the context of student grocery shopping is worth
further research.” (Dobson & Ness, 2009)
6. 6
Research of the online shopping behavior in two key segments of the world’s most advanced IT
nations, Finnish and American university students suggests that the amount of online shopping
has increased in both countries. It was also noticed that the average monetary amount of
purchase has decreased in Finland, while the purchase quantities have increased, giving clues
that people are going online for more ‘everyday’ type of shopping. The internet also has
increased in popularity as a tool used to contribute to and assist in the buying process. As the
total number of online purchases continues to increase, the e‐marketer who effectively serves,
satisfies, and delights their online buyers will enjoy repeat patronage. (Comegys, Hannula, &
Väisänen, 2006).
Another research made in the Boston area says that many implications suggest that young
people, both single and married, are stressed for time and that these people are a potential
market for online grocery shopping. (Corbett, 2001)
Other findings show that many consumers revert to the traditional mode of supermarket
shopping whenever they are dissatisfied either with specific or with general aspects of the
online experience, which suggests that the process of diffusion of the e‐grocery innovation by
no means follows a smooth and continuous path. The adoption decision seems to be re‐
evaluated more frequently and consequently post‐adoption evaluation appears very important
to the decision of whether to continue with or to drop the innovation. This finding basically
means that the offline and online modes of grocery shopping are complementary, rather than
substitutive. Results also suggest that the reliability of the service provided, both in terms of
delivery and the price, quality and range of the goods on offer, is a crucial factor for loyalty to a
website, meaning that dissatisfaction with any of these aspects may trigger the termination of
e‐grocery shopping (Dall'Olmo Riley, Hand, Rettie, Robinson, & Singh, 2007).
Online grocery shopping seems to be hindered by several factors. Groceries are tangible
products and that challenges the full commercial cycle to be unattainable via a network.
Another fact is that groceries are perishable products meaning that consumers’ want physically
see and touch these products for their quality and consumers have different preferences for
products. By example some like bananas green when others like them ripe.
A survey with 3800 consumers points out that about 400 respondents currently shop online,
and about 500 have shopped online in the past, but not anymore. The majority use Coles
online shop, followed by Woolworths' online shop (Browne, 2010).
8. 8
Hypothesis 5
It is assumed students are limited by budget constraints, and price will be the most important
factor in both online and brick and mortar grocery stores when compared to the other factors
analyzed.
Hypothesis 6
Students with a job will be more interested in the convenience an online produce market
would afford them than students without one.
Hypothesis 7
Female students will be more concerned with Prices, Layout of Store, and Quality factors than
male students.
Hypothesis 8
Students who are aware of the price wars between the major grocery chains will consider the
factor of price important, in both online and brick and mortar stores.
Hypothesis 9
People who are further away from their local grocery store will be more likely to buy groceries
online than those who do not.
Hypothesis 10
People who grocery shop more often will be more likely to buy groceries online than those
who do not.
Hypothesis 11
People who go to the store to get ideas are more likely to value a selection in an online shop.
Hypothesis 12
Business and health students would be more likely to purchase online than any other faculty
9. 9
Methodology
Participants
Participants were located on the Gold Coast Griffith University Campus and selected based on
enrollment at the University as a full or part time student. The sampling method used was a
non‐probability judgment convenience sample. A total of 51 students were surveyed, and all
surveys were completed on campus. 27 of the respondents were female (52.9%), while 24
were male (47.1%).
Survey Instrument
Quantitative and qualitative research was done in the form of a questionnaire, which was
designed in accordance with the hypotheses to collect information about grocery purchasing
habits of Griffith University students. Specially designed questions helped to understand the
grocery shopping habits amongst Griffith University students. The questionnaire also helped to
determine the reliability and validity of the hypotheses.
Specific information was collected to get to know both the in‐person and online grocery
purchasing habits of University students by asking questions similar to the following:
- How often do you grocery shop?
- How close is your local grocery store?
- How do you get to your grocery store?
- What is your primary consideration when choosing where to buy groceries?
- Would you buy groceries online?
- Why wouldn’t you buy groceries online?
- What types of fruits and veggies do you buy?
- Which fruits and veggies do you think are too expensive?
- Are the prices of your favorite fruits and veggies affected by the price wars between the
major grocery stores?
These questions measured customers’ attitudes or potential behaviors and were measured
using a Likert scale with options ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 indicates not important or
unlikely and 5 indicates essential or very likely. A copy of the survey can be found in Appendix
2.
10. 10
Procedure
The survey was distributed on the Gold Coast Griffith University Campus from September 9th
,
2011 to September 22, 2011. Participants were approached by researchers, asked if they
attended Griffith University and asked if they would be interested in filling out a quick survey.
Once data was collected, it was collated into an SPSS file with SPSS version 18.0 used to code
and measure data.
Ethics
Participants were given an informed consent cover sheet and ensured no identifiable personal
data would be collected. As well, the survey was operated under the following ethics protocol
number: MKT/04/10/HREC. A copy of the ethics application can be found in Appendix 1.
11. 11
Results
Descriptives
The sample was nearly equally split between male (47%)
and female students (53%) of the Griffith University Gold
Coast campus with the majority of the respondents
studying Business and Commerce (53%), followed by a
considerable portion of health students (19.6%), as well as
educational students accounting for nearly 10 per cent (9.6%).
The remaining respondents were from
study areas including environment (5.9%),
criminology, visual & arts and engineering
with each corresponding group
representing 3.9 per cent. Of all the
participants roughly 45 per cent (45.1%)
had a job compared to almost 55 per cent
(54.9%) who did not have a job. Almost every one of the surveyed students (98%) had access
to the Internet.
Table 3
As far as the grocery shopping habits, the majority of respondents (52.9%) stated that they
would at least shop groceries once a week. There was a stalemate between the participants
shopping only every other fortnight,
compared to the participants who were
shopping twice a week with both groups
accounting for nearly 22 per cent (21.6%)
each. Over 88 per cent of the respondents
lived within 2 kilometers of a grocery store,
while 52.9 per cent of the respondents
would choose to walk to the grocery store compared to 47.1 per cent preferring to drive to the
Gender
Frequency Valid Percent
male 24 47.1
femal
e
27 52.9
Vali
d
Total 51 100.0
Table 1
What is your study discipline
Frequency Valid Percent
business and commerce 27 52.9
criminology and law 2 3.9
education 5 9.8
engineering 2 3.9
environment 3 5.9
health 10 19.6
Visual and creative arts 2 3.9
Valid
Total 51 100.0
Table 2
Do you have internet
Frequency Valid Percent
yes 50 98.0
no 1 2.0
Valid
Total 51 100.0
Do you have a job
Frequency Valid Percent
yes 23 45.1
no 28 54.9
Valid
Total 51 100.0
Table 4
How often do you grocery shop
Frequency Valid Percent
Once a month 2 3.9
Once every 2 weeks 11 21.6
Once a week 27 52.9
Twice or more a week 11 21.6
Valid
Total 51 100.0
12. 12
grocery store. As for the remaining respondents, cycling (5.9%) or public transportation
(11.8%) was the preferred means of transportation.
When asked what their top three
produces were, 13 of the participants
(26%) listed apples first followed by
tomatoes, capsicums and bananas
second, answered by 4 respondents
equivalently corresponding to 8
Table 6 percent each (see Figure 1).
The second most listed
produce were again
apples answered by 10
(20%), ahead of
tomatoes stated by 6
(12%) and oranges
mentioned by five (10%)
students respectively
(See Figure 2).
As detailed in Table 7 the importance of the following factors including price, distance to store,
knowledgeable and courteous staff, layout of store as well as quality of produce were
How close is your local grocery store
Frequency Valid Percent
less than 500m 8 16.0
500m‐1km 18 36.0
1km‐2km 18 36.0
more than 2km 6 12.0
Valid
Total 50 100.0
Missing System 1
Total 51
Figure 3
Figure 1
13. 13
measured. The participants were asked which of these factors would influence their decision
the most when choosing where to buy groceries. A Likert scale had been applied in order to
calculate means signifying importance ranging from 1 to 5, thereby 1 translating to ‘would not
encourage me’ while 5 translating to ‘would definitely convince me’.
Importance of different features when choosing where to buy groceries
Importance of different features Mean Std. Deviation
How important is price 4.16 .703
How important is distance to the store 3.86 .800
How important is knowledgeable and courteous staff 2.51 .880
How important is the layout of the store 3.04 .871
How important is the quality of produce 4.37 .720
Table 7
By comparing these means it was reported that the most important factor was quality ( m=
4.37, SD= 0.720) ahead of price (m= 4.16, SD= 0.703) when choosing where to buy groceries.
Hypotheses Testing
Research Objective 1
To investigate the perception of university students towards the idea of buying produce online.
Hypothesis 1
The first hypothesis examined the factors or benefits that would encourage the surveyed students to
buy groceries online. Factors including price, quality of produce, convenience, availability are all
significant predictors of likelihood of buying groceries online (significance of the regression ANOVA p =
.048, p < .05). These factors combined account for 21.4% of the variance of likelihood of the
respondents buying groceries online (r2
=.214) with the highest predictor being price (Beta =.577).
In order to assess the relationship between the factors and the likelihood of buying groceries online, a
bi‐variate Pearson’s correlation was conducted. Price was found to be the only positive and moderately
strong related (r= .428) factor (see Table 11). The remaining factors were only weak positive correlated.
The only “perceived benefit” that would influence people to buy online was therefore price.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .462
a
.214 .126 1.035
a. Predictors: (Constant), Would selection encourage you to buy online, Would price encourage you to buy
online, Would convenience encourage you to buy online, Would quality of produce encourage you to buy online,
Would availability encourage you to buy online
1
14. 14
Table 8
ANOVA
b
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 13.112 5 2.622 2.447 .048
a
Residual 48.221 45 1.072
1
Total 61.333 50
a. Predictors: (Constant), Would selection encourage you to buy online, Would price encourage you to buy
online, Would convenience encourage you to buy online, Would quality of produce encourage you to buy online,
Would availability encourage you to buy online
b. Dependent Variable: How likely would you be to buy groceries online
Table 9
Coefficients
a
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
(Constant) .503 .890 .565 .575
Would price encourage you to buy online .688 .218 .577 3.156 .003
Would quality of produce encourage you to
buy online
‐.160 .190 ‐.140 ‐.842 .404
Would convenience encourage you to buy
online
‐.078 .184 ‐.063 ‐.423 .674
Would availability encourage you to buy
online
‐.179 .240 ‐.145 ‐.747 .459
1
Would selection encourage you to buy
online
.214 .191 .191 1.123 .267
a. Dependent Variable: How likely would you be to buy groceries online
Table 10
Correlations
How likely would you be to
buy groceries online
Would price encourage you
to buy online
Pearson
Correlation
1 .428
**
Sig. (2‐tailed) .002
How likely would you be to
buy groceries online
N 51 51
Pearson
Correlation
.428
**
1
Sig. (2‐tailed) .002
Would price encourage you to
buy online
N 51 51
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2‐tailed).
Table 11
21. 21
Hypothesis 8
In order to test hypothesis 8 (see Table 18) and determine the influence of consumer
awareness of the price wars and their view of the importance of price in shopping, a series of
one way ANOVAs was undertaken. There was no significant difference between those who
were aware of price wars and those who were not, or those who were unsure in terms of the
importance they placed on price for shopping in a physical or online store (p > .05). (See Table
19). However, there was a significant difference between those who were aware of the price
wars and those who were not in terms of whether price would encourage them to buy online
rather than via a physical store (p < .05). Those who were aware of the price wars value price
as more important in an online store (M= 4.00) than those who were not aware (M=2.89) and
thus were more likely to consider price an encouragement to buy online than those who were
not aware (See Table 18). These results partially support hypothesis 8.
The importance of price in shopping and consumer awareness of the price wars
Importance of Price in shopping Mean Std. Deviation
yes 4.14 .663
no 3.89 .601
I don't know 4.25 .752
How important is price
yes 4.00 .392
no 2.89 1.269
I don't know 3.93 .858
Would price encourage you to buy online
Table 18
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 8.430 3 2.810 3.801 .016
Within Groups 34.746 47 .739
Would price encourage you to buy online
Total 43.176 50
Between Groups .914 3 .305 .601 .618
Within Groups 23.831 47 .507
How important is price
Total 24.745 50
Table 19
Descriptives
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound Minimum Maximum
22. 22
yes 13 4.00 .408 .113 3.75 4.25 3 5
no 9 2.89 1.269 .423 1.91 3.86 1 4
I don't
know
28 3.93 .858 .162 3.60 4.26 1 5
10 1 4.00 . . . . 4 4
Would price
encourage you to buy
online
Total 51 3.76 .929 .130 3.50 4.03 1 5
yes 13 4.15 .689 .191 3.74 4.57 3 5
no 9 3.89 .601 .200 3.43 4.35 3 5
I don't
know
28 4.25 .752 .142 3.96 4.54 2 5
10 1 4.00 . . . . 4 4
How important is
price
Total 51 4.16 .703 .099 3.96 4.35 2 5
Table 20
Hypothesis 9
An ANOVA was used to investigate whether people who were further away from their local
grocery store would be more likely to buy groceries online than those who do not. Once again,
no significant difference between distance to grocery store and likelihood to buy online was
found that would have supported hypothesis 9. Significance greater than .05 (p = .296, p > .05).
ANOVA
How likely would you be to buy groceries online
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 4.658 3 1.553 1.270 .296
Within Groups 56.222 46 1.222
Total 60.880 49
Table 21
Hypothesis 10
Another ANOVA was applied in order to assess the plausibility of the hypothesis stating that
students who grocery shop more often will be more likely to buy groceries online than those
who do not. There was no significant difference between those students who shop more often
and the likelihood to buy online compared to those who shop less frequently (p = .813, p > .05)
ANOVA
How likely would you be to buy groceries online
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 1.219 3 .406 .318 .813
Within Groups 60.114 47 1.279
Total 61.333 50
Table 22
25. 25
Discussion
The study investigated the perception of university students towards the idea of buying
produce online, whilst it further attempted to assess and reveal significant necessary factors
that would encourage students to switch from buying produce in a store to buying produce
online. While price and possibly convenience would have been assumed both to be important
the study found that the only significant perceived benefit of the students was price, when
assessing the likelihood to buy produce online. This result is interesting as one would have
possibly assumed that at least convenience would have demonstrated a significant relationship
encouraging students’ buying behaviour to buy groceries online. Also research being done with
respect to students buyer behaviour suggests the notion of convenience being a significant
factor. Even though price was the most important factor influencing students to buy online,
the recent price wars between major Australian grocery chains students did not find it to be
important in either online or bricks and mortar stores thereby, softening the impact of the
factor ‘price’ in this regard.
When asked, however, which factors would be important in terms of choosing where to buy
groceries, quality was perceived to be the most important ahead of price. This is worth noting
as it suggests that despite price being the most encouraging factor of buying groceries online
an absence of quality could have potentially a negative impact on consumer’s loyalty to a
website, while possibly revert to the traditional mode of supermarket shopping whenever they
are dissatisfied either with specific or with general aspects of the online experience, as
previous research found.
Furthermore, other examined factors such as whether students were driving to a grocery store
surprisingly did not really prove to have any significant influence of buying groceries online less
likely than students who did not drive. However, given the fact that more than 80 per cent of
the respondents lived within a range of 2 km of a nearby grocery store, it can be assumed that
due to the short distance driving can be neglected as being critically enough that it would have
an impact on the likelihood of students buying online. Likewise, when people were asked if
distance would encourage them to buy online, there was no significant difference reported
compared to those students that lived not so far away. Again, since over 80 per cent of the
surveyed students were living within 2 km of a grocery store distance as a factor did not seem
to weigh enough to be considered too important on that particular matter.
26. 26
As indicated by research respondents believed online shopping was the best price and value
for their time. However, 80.6% of the students still responded that they were likely to make
purchases in store, rather than online. This notion was also supported in the study carried out,
as people with a job and therefore with bigger time constraints did not show to significantly be
more likely to buy groceries online than students who did not work. Finally, when investigating
whether there was a difference in likelihood according to the disciplines students were
studying, interestingly business students were least likely to purchase online, contrary to
expectations. There was a trend indicating health students would be more likely to buy
groceries online.
Implications
The study was carried out to assess how likely university students would be to buy produce
online and to determine what factors would make university students switch from buying
produce in a store to buying produce online. As there is only a small selection of secondary
research currently available the study was also intented to fill the knowledge gap thereby,
shedding further light on this matter.
Secondly the gathered information could have provided market researchers with basic but still
valuable research data based on the buying habits of university students regarding purchasing
fruits and vedgetables. Furthermore, the result could
have assisted potential grocery shop owners as well
as entrepreneurs with their decision making process
when considering setting up an online produce store
targeted at university students.
However, against common belief the overall interest
in buying groceries and particularly, produce online
was rather weak with more than 55 per cent of the
participants responded that they were more than
unlikely to purchase groceries online compared to
roughly 18 per cent stating to be likely buying produce online. This was also
surprising as current secondary research would have suggested a somewhat different picture.
How likely would you be to buy
groceries online
Frequency
Valid
Percent
very
unlikely
14 27.5
unlikely 16 31.4
neutral 12 23.5
likely 8 15.7
very
likely
1 2.0
Valid
Total 51 100.0
Table 25
27. 27
Limitations and Recommodation
A few characteristics as far as the design and methodology set parameters on the application
and interpretation of the study. With respect to the validity of the undertaken study it needs to
be emphasized that any generalizations of these findings should be approached with caution
as the sample was a very small convenience sample. The most obvious criticism about
convenience sampling is sampling bias and that the sample is not representative of the entire
population. The survey was administered in the form of an anonymous survey only to the
students at Griffith Gold Coast University and excluded other campuses as well as students
from different universities which results to a low external validity of the study.
Moreover, with respect to survey instrument there were several questions addressed using the
Likert scaling system. Scales require a great deal of decision‐making as there are only a few
options offered, with which the respondents may not fully agree and thus may limit the overall
outcome of the study.
For example, the respondents might value other factors than the ones provided, that would
encourage them to buy groceries online. Also, those surveyed may not have been completely
honest or may answer according to what they feel is expected of them as particpants.
Furthermore, questions pertaining to age were not being addressed which would have allowed
for a more thorough demographic segmentation. The questionnaire also neglected to ask
whether participants generally shopped online in order to extrapolate attitude towards the
overall idea of shopping online. More importantly the questionnaire lacked continuity in
content as most of the questions referred to groceries rather than focussing on produce only
and therefore could be misleading.
It is recommended that additional study be conducted of a larger and more representative
university student sample, to shed further light on the produce shopping behavior of students.
28. 28
Citation
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Bill Anckar, Pirkko Walden, Tawfik Jelassi, (2002) "Creating customer value in online grocery
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Browne, Kate. 2010, Groceries in a click? Online grocery shopping should be quick and
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Comegys, C., Hannula, M., & Väisänen, J. (2006). Longitudinal comparison of finnish and us
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32. 32
Examination of the Likelihood of Griffith Gold
Coast University Students
to buy produce Online
Individual Market Research Report
7207MKT Market Research Course
–
Course Convenor: Dr Helen Perkins
Griffith University Gold Coast campus, QLD
By
Robert KriTikos
s2788287
21 October 2011