SlideShare a Scribd company logo
KECAP PANGANTEUR


        Puji syukur urang panjatkan kehadirat Alloh SWT tina sagala limpahan rahmat,
taufik sarta hidayah-nya ku kituna nu nulis bisa ngabéréskeun makalah ieu pas dina
waktuna. Makalah ieu ngabahas ngeunaan masalah ngeunaan “Urug”. Sedengkeun
tujuan ti makalah ieu nyaéta pikeun minuhan pancén Panon Palajaran PLH. Ku kituna
kalayan makalah ieu kami sarta ogé jumplukan séjén bisa nambahan wawasan sarta
élmu kanyaho.
        Dina pembuatan makalah ieu, kami pohara berterima kaasih ka sagala pihak
anu geus milu berpartisipasi anu henteu bisa disebutkeun hiji persatu nepi ka makalah
ieu bisa terselesaikan.
        Kami nyadar makalah ieu masih pohara laér ti kesempurnaan, sarta henteu
nutupan kamungkinan masih aya sawatara kakurangan. Ku kituna, diperlukeun
bongbolongan sarta kritikan anu ngawangun ti sagala pihak minangka perbaikan sarta
penyempurnaan. Ahir kecap, muga makalah ieu bisa méré mangpaat pikeun urang
kabéh. Sakitu sarta hatur nuhun.




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
DAPTAR EUSI


KECAP PANGANTEUR......................................................................................... i
DAPTAR EUSI ......................................................................................................... ii
BAB I BUBUKA ....................................................................................................... 1
  1.1 Kasang Tukang .................................................................................................. 1
  1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 1
  1.3 Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 1
BAB II EUSI ............................................................................................................ 2
  2.1 Pengertian Urug ................................................................................................ 2
  2.2 Faktor – Faktor Cukang lantaran Urug .............................................................. 2
  2.3 Gejala Umum Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug ........................... 3
  2.4 Jenis – Jenis Urug ............................................................................................. 3
  2.5 Pencegahan Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug .............................. 6
  2.6 Hal – Hal anu Kudu di Pigawé Salila sarta Sageus Lumangsung Musibah ..... 7
BAB III PANUTUP ................................................................................................. 8
  3.1 Kacindekan ....................................................................................................... 8
  3.2 Bongbolongan .................................................................................................... 8
DAPTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 9




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
BAB I
                                                   BUBUKA


1.1 Kasang Tukang
        Musibah alam minangka kajadian alam bisa lumangsung saban waktu di mana
waé sarta iraha waé, digigireun / sabeulah ngabalukarkeun rugi material sarta
imaterial pikeun kahirupan masarakat. Gerakan taneuh nyaéta salah sahiji musibah
alam anu mindeng ngabalukarkeun rugi harta barang atawa korban jiwa sarta
ngabalukarkeun karuksakan sarana sarta prasarana séjénna anu mawa akibat sosia
sarta ékonomi.
        Musibah nyaéta hiji hal anu henteu urang harepkeun, ku alatan éta pamahaman
ka prosés lumangsungna gerakan taneuh katut faktor cukang lantaranana jadi pohara
penting pikeun pamaréntah atawa masarakat. Alternatif penanggulangan musibah boh
ti aspék pencegahan (preventif), pengurangan (mitigasi) boh penanggulangan
(rehabilitasi) perlu dikaji sacara mendalam.

1.2 Rumusan Masalah
        Dumasar kasang tukang di luhur mangka rumusan masalahna nyaéta kieu:
     a. Naon éta urug
     b. Bagai mana bisa lumangsung urug
     c. Kumaha cara menanggulangi urug

1.3 Tujuan
        Tujuan nu nulis nyieun makalah ieu téh:
     a. Pikeun nyaho gejala umum lumangsungna taneuh lonsor
     b. Cukang lantaran lumangsungna musibah alam taneuh lonsor sarta pencegahan
          lumangsungna musibah alam taneuh urug.




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
BAB II

                                               PEMBAHASAN


2.1 Pengertian Urug

         Dina prinsipnya taneuh urug lumangsung lamun gaya pendorong dina lamping
leuwih badag ti gaya tahanan. Gaya tahanan umumna dipangaruhan ku kakuatan
batuan sarta kepadatan taneuh. Sedengkeun gaya pendorong dipangaruhan ku
badagna sudut kemiringan lamping, cai, beungbeurat sarta beurat jenis taneuh batuan.

2.2 Faktor – Faktor Cukang lantaran Urug

         Faktor cukang lantaran lumangsungna gerakan dina lamping ogé gumantung
dina kaayaan babatuan sarta taneuh penyusun lamping, struktur géologi, curah hujan,
vegetasi panutup sarta pamakéan lahan dina lamping kasebut, tapi sacara gurat badag
bisa dibédakeun minangka factor alami sarta manusa:

a. Faktor Alam

Kaayaan alam anu jadi faktor utama lumangsungna urug antara séjén:

     •    Kaayaan géologi: batuan lapuk, kemiriringan lapisan, rarangkén lapisan
          batu lempung, struktur sesar sarta keker, lini bumi, stratigrafi sarta
          gunung seuneu
     •    Iklim: curah hujan anu luhur.
     •    Kaayaan topografi: lamping anu nangtawing.
     •    Kaayaan tata cai: kaayaan drainase anu tersumbat, akumulasi massa cai, erosi
          dina, pelarutan sarta tekanan hidrostatika.
     •    Tutupan lahan anu ngurangan tahan iser, misal taneuh kritis.



Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
b. Faktor Manusa

        Kalakuan manusa anu henteu bersabat jeung alam antara séjén:

         •    Pemotongan gawir dina penambangan batu dilamping anu gurawés.
         •    Penimbunan taneuh urugan di wewengkon lamping.
         •    Kagagalan struktur dinding tahanan taneuh.
         •    Penggundulan leuweung.
         •    Budidaya kolam lauk diluhur lamping.
         •    Sistem tatanén anu henteu nengetan irigasi anu aman.
         •    Pengembangan wewengkon anu henteu diimbangan jeung kasadaran
              masarakat, ku kituna RUTR henteu ditaati anu pamustunganana
              ngarugikeun
              sorangan.
         •    Sistem drainase wewengkon lamping anu henteu alus.

2.3 Gejala Umum Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug

     a. Mecenghulna retakan-retakan di lamping anu sajajar jeung arah gawir.
     b. Biasana lumangsung sanggeus hujan.
     c. Mecenghulna cinyusu anyar sacara ujug-ujug.
     d. Gawir rapuh sarta kerikil mimitian berjatuhan.

2.4 Jenis – Jenis Urug

        Aya sawatara jenis longsoran anu umum ditepungan dina massa batuan di
tambang kabuka (Hoek and Bray, 1981) nyaéta:

     a. Longsoran widang (plane failure)

             Longsoran widang mangrupa hiji longsoran batuan anu lumangsung
      disapanjang widang luncur anu dianggap rata.Widang luncur kasebut bisa

Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
mangrupa rekahan, sesar atawa widang perlapisan batuan. Longsoran jenis ieu
      (Gambar di handapeun) baris lumangsung lamun kaayaan dihandap ieu
      kapinuhan (Karyono, 2004):

         •    Jurus (strike) widang luncur ngadeukeutan paralel ka jurus widang
              permukaan lamping.
         •    Kemiringan widang luncur kudu leuwih leutik batan kemiringan widang
              permukaan lamping.
         •    Kemiringan widang luncur leuwih badag batan sudut iser dina.
         •    Aya widang leupas anu mangrupa wates lateral ti massa batuan atawa
              taneuh anu urug.
     b. Longsoran baji (wedge failure)

              Longsoran baji lumangsung lamun aya dua widang lemah atawa leuwih
      berpotongan sakitu rupa ku kituna nyieun baji ka lamping (gambar di
      handapeun).Longsoran baji ieu bisa dibédakeun jadi dua tipe longsoran nyaéta
      longsoran tunggal (single sliding) sarta longsoran dobel (double sliding).Pikeun
      longsoran tunggal, luncuran lumangsung dina salah sahiji widang, sedengkeun
      pikeun longsoran dobel luncuran lumangsung dina perpotongan kadua widang.
      Longsoran baji kasebut baris lumangsung lamun minuhan sarat kieu:

         •    Kemiringan lamping leuwih badag batan kemiringan gurat potong kadua
              widang lemah.
         •    Sudut gurat potong kadua widang lemah leuwih badag batan sudut iser
              jerona.


     c. Longsoran guling (toppling failure)

              Longsoran guling umumna lumangsung dina lamping anu gurawés sarta
      dina batuan anu teuas di mana struktur widang lemahnya ngawangun lajur

Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
(Gambar di handapeun).Longsoran jenis ieu lumangsung lamun widang-widang
      lemah anu aya berlawanan kalayan kemiringan lamping. Longsoran ieu dina blok
      fleksibel, lumangsung lamun:

         •     β> 900 + f - α, di mana β = kemiringan widang lemah, f = sudut iser dina
               sarta α = kemiringan lamping.
         •     Béda maksimal jurus (strike) sarta keker (joint) kalayan sudut lamping
               (slope) nyaéta 300.


     d. Longsoran busur (circular failure)

               Longsoran busur umumna lumangsung dina material anu boga sipat ucul
      (loose material) kawas material taneuh.Luyu kalayan ngaranna, widang
      longsorannya ngawangun busur (Gambar di handapeun). Batuan ancur anu aya
      dina hiji wewengkon penimbunan kalayan dimensi badag baris condong urug
      dina wangun busur bunderan (Hoek and Bray, 1981).

               Dina longsoran busur anu lumangsung dina wewengkon bulenan, biasana
      faktor struktur géologi henteu teuing dina kestabilan lamping bulenan.Umumna,
      kestabilan lamping bulenan ngagantung dina karateristik material, dimensi
      lamping sarta kaayaan cai taneuh anu aya sarta faktor luar anu mangaruhan
      kestabilan lamping dina lamping bulenan.



2.5 Pencegahan Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug

     a. Ulah mencetak sérang sarta nyieun kolam dina lamping bagian luhur di
             deukeut pemukiman.
     b. Buatlah terasering (sengkedan) dina lamping anu gurawés lamun ngawangun
             padumukan.


Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
c. Geura-giru nutupan retakan taneuh sarta dipadatkan ambéh cai henteu asup ka
          dina taneuh ngaliwatan retakan
     d. Ulah motong gawir jalan jadi ajeg
     e. Ulah ngadegkeun imah di tepi walungan anu werit erosi
     f. Ulah menebang tangkal di lamping (gb. kénca)
     g. Ulah ngawangun imah di handapeun gawir



2.6 Hal – Hal anu Kudu Di Pigawé Salila sarta Sageus Lumangsung Musibah

     a. Tanggap Darurat

              Anu kudu dipigawé dina tahap tanggap darurat nyaéta penyelamatan sarta
      pertolongan korban sagancangna sangkan korban henteu nambahan. Aya
      sawatara hal anu kudu diperhatikan,

     c. Rehabilitasi

              Usaha pemulihan korban sarta prasarananya, ngawengku kaayaan sosial,
      ékonomi, sarta sarana transportasi. Sajaba ti éta dikaji ogé perkembangan taneuh
      urug sarta téknik pengendaliannya sangkan taneuh urug henteu ngembang sarta
      penentuan relokasi korban taneuh urug lamun taneuh urug hésé dikadalikeun.

     d. Rekonstruksi

              Penguatan wangunan-wangunan infrastruktur di wewengkon werit urug
      henteu jadi tinimbangan utama pikeun mitigasi karuksakan anu disebabkan ku
      taneuh urug, alatan kerentanan pikeun wangunan-wangunan anu diwangun dina
      jalur taneuh urug ampir 100%.




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
BAB III

                                                   PANUTUP

3.1 Kacindekan

        Dumasar uraian di luhur, kami bisa menyimpulkan kieu:

     a. musibah urug nyaéta Dina prinsipnya taneuh urug lumangsung lamun gaya
          pendorong dina lamping leuwih badag ti gaya tahanan.
     b. Urug bisa lumangsung ku 2 faktor nyaéta: faktor alam sarta faktor manusa.
     c. Hal – hal anu kudu di pigawé salila sarta sageus lumangsung musibah
           •    Tanggap Darurat
           •    Rehabilitasi
           •    Rekonstruksi



3.2 Bongbolongan

        Ti uraian anu geus kami sampaikan di hareup, kami bisa méré bongbolongan,
antara séjén:

     a. Ulah        menebang          tangkal      sacara       sembarangan          alatan      hal       ieu   bisa
          ngabalukarkeun taneuh henteu sanggup pikeun nahan cai anu datang kalayan
          jumlah badag.
     b. Tanamilah balik lahan-lahan gundul di kira-kira urang sangkan bisa nahan cai
          hujan ku kituna urang bisa terhindar ti musibah taneuh urug.




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
DAFTAR PUSTAKA




  1. http://teguhmaulana8.blogspot.com/2012/04/pengertain-longsor-dan-jenis-
        jenis.html
  2. http://arifcaesar03.blogspot.com/2012/05/macam-macam-longsoran.html
  3. http://arfa-manaf.blogspot.com/2011/12/jenis-jenis-longsoran.html
  4. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_longsor




Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
Marius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Expeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Pixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
ThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
marketingartwork
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Technologies
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
SpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Lily Ray
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACC
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
Christy Abraham Joy
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Vit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
MindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Maklah longsor sunda

  • 1. KECAP PANGANTEUR Puji syukur urang panjatkan kehadirat Alloh SWT tina sagala limpahan rahmat, taufik sarta hidayah-nya ku kituna nu nulis bisa ngabéréskeun makalah ieu pas dina waktuna. Makalah ieu ngabahas ngeunaan masalah ngeunaan “Urug”. Sedengkeun tujuan ti makalah ieu nyaéta pikeun minuhan pancén Panon Palajaran PLH. Ku kituna kalayan makalah ieu kami sarta ogé jumplukan séjén bisa nambahan wawasan sarta élmu kanyaho. Dina pembuatan makalah ieu, kami pohara berterima kaasih ka sagala pihak anu geus milu berpartisipasi anu henteu bisa disebutkeun hiji persatu nepi ka makalah ieu bisa terselesaikan. Kami nyadar makalah ieu masih pohara laér ti kesempurnaan, sarta henteu nutupan kamungkinan masih aya sawatara kakurangan. Ku kituna, diperlukeun bongbolongan sarta kritikan anu ngawangun ti sagala pihak minangka perbaikan sarta penyempurnaan. Ahir kecap, muga makalah ieu bisa méré mangpaat pikeun urang kabéh. Sakitu sarta hatur nuhun. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 2. DAPTAR EUSI KECAP PANGANTEUR......................................................................................... i DAPTAR EUSI ......................................................................................................... ii BAB I BUBUKA ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Kasang Tukang .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 1 1.3 Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 1 BAB II EUSI ............................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Pengertian Urug ................................................................................................ 2 2.2 Faktor – Faktor Cukang lantaran Urug .............................................................. 2 2.3 Gejala Umum Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug ........................... 3 2.4 Jenis – Jenis Urug ............................................................................................. 3 2.5 Pencegahan Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug .............................. 6 2.6 Hal – Hal anu Kudu di Pigawé Salila sarta Sageus Lumangsung Musibah ..... 7 BAB III PANUTUP ................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Kacindekan ....................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Bongbolongan .................................................................................................... 8 DAPTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 9 Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 3. BAB I BUBUKA 1.1 Kasang Tukang Musibah alam minangka kajadian alam bisa lumangsung saban waktu di mana waé sarta iraha waé, digigireun / sabeulah ngabalukarkeun rugi material sarta imaterial pikeun kahirupan masarakat. Gerakan taneuh nyaéta salah sahiji musibah alam anu mindeng ngabalukarkeun rugi harta barang atawa korban jiwa sarta ngabalukarkeun karuksakan sarana sarta prasarana séjénna anu mawa akibat sosia sarta ékonomi. Musibah nyaéta hiji hal anu henteu urang harepkeun, ku alatan éta pamahaman ka prosés lumangsungna gerakan taneuh katut faktor cukang lantaranana jadi pohara penting pikeun pamaréntah atawa masarakat. Alternatif penanggulangan musibah boh ti aspék pencegahan (preventif), pengurangan (mitigasi) boh penanggulangan (rehabilitasi) perlu dikaji sacara mendalam. 1.2 Rumusan Masalah Dumasar kasang tukang di luhur mangka rumusan masalahna nyaéta kieu: a. Naon éta urug b. Bagai mana bisa lumangsung urug c. Kumaha cara menanggulangi urug 1.3 Tujuan Tujuan nu nulis nyieun makalah ieu téh: a. Pikeun nyaho gejala umum lumangsungna taneuh lonsor b. Cukang lantaran lumangsungna musibah alam taneuh lonsor sarta pencegahan lumangsungna musibah alam taneuh urug. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 4. BAB II PEMBAHASAN 2.1 Pengertian Urug Dina prinsipnya taneuh urug lumangsung lamun gaya pendorong dina lamping leuwih badag ti gaya tahanan. Gaya tahanan umumna dipangaruhan ku kakuatan batuan sarta kepadatan taneuh. Sedengkeun gaya pendorong dipangaruhan ku badagna sudut kemiringan lamping, cai, beungbeurat sarta beurat jenis taneuh batuan. 2.2 Faktor – Faktor Cukang lantaran Urug Faktor cukang lantaran lumangsungna gerakan dina lamping ogé gumantung dina kaayaan babatuan sarta taneuh penyusun lamping, struktur géologi, curah hujan, vegetasi panutup sarta pamakéan lahan dina lamping kasebut, tapi sacara gurat badag bisa dibédakeun minangka factor alami sarta manusa: a. Faktor Alam Kaayaan alam anu jadi faktor utama lumangsungna urug antara séjén: • Kaayaan géologi: batuan lapuk, kemiriringan lapisan, rarangkén lapisan batu lempung, struktur sesar sarta keker, lini bumi, stratigrafi sarta gunung seuneu • Iklim: curah hujan anu luhur. • Kaayaan topografi: lamping anu nangtawing. • Kaayaan tata cai: kaayaan drainase anu tersumbat, akumulasi massa cai, erosi dina, pelarutan sarta tekanan hidrostatika. • Tutupan lahan anu ngurangan tahan iser, misal taneuh kritis. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 5. b. Faktor Manusa Kalakuan manusa anu henteu bersabat jeung alam antara séjén: • Pemotongan gawir dina penambangan batu dilamping anu gurawés. • Penimbunan taneuh urugan di wewengkon lamping. • Kagagalan struktur dinding tahanan taneuh. • Penggundulan leuweung. • Budidaya kolam lauk diluhur lamping. • Sistem tatanén anu henteu nengetan irigasi anu aman. • Pengembangan wewengkon anu henteu diimbangan jeung kasadaran masarakat, ku kituna RUTR henteu ditaati anu pamustunganana ngarugikeun sorangan. • Sistem drainase wewengkon lamping anu henteu alus. 2.3 Gejala Umum Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug a. Mecenghulna retakan-retakan di lamping anu sajajar jeung arah gawir. b. Biasana lumangsung sanggeus hujan. c. Mecenghulna cinyusu anyar sacara ujug-ujug. d. Gawir rapuh sarta kerikil mimitian berjatuhan. 2.4 Jenis – Jenis Urug Aya sawatara jenis longsoran anu umum ditepungan dina massa batuan di tambang kabuka (Hoek and Bray, 1981) nyaéta: a. Longsoran widang (plane failure) Longsoran widang mangrupa hiji longsoran batuan anu lumangsung disapanjang widang luncur anu dianggap rata.Widang luncur kasebut bisa Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 6. mangrupa rekahan, sesar atawa widang perlapisan batuan. Longsoran jenis ieu (Gambar di handapeun) baris lumangsung lamun kaayaan dihandap ieu kapinuhan (Karyono, 2004): • Jurus (strike) widang luncur ngadeukeutan paralel ka jurus widang permukaan lamping. • Kemiringan widang luncur kudu leuwih leutik batan kemiringan widang permukaan lamping. • Kemiringan widang luncur leuwih badag batan sudut iser dina. • Aya widang leupas anu mangrupa wates lateral ti massa batuan atawa taneuh anu urug. b. Longsoran baji (wedge failure) Longsoran baji lumangsung lamun aya dua widang lemah atawa leuwih berpotongan sakitu rupa ku kituna nyieun baji ka lamping (gambar di handapeun).Longsoran baji ieu bisa dibédakeun jadi dua tipe longsoran nyaéta longsoran tunggal (single sliding) sarta longsoran dobel (double sliding).Pikeun longsoran tunggal, luncuran lumangsung dina salah sahiji widang, sedengkeun pikeun longsoran dobel luncuran lumangsung dina perpotongan kadua widang. Longsoran baji kasebut baris lumangsung lamun minuhan sarat kieu: • Kemiringan lamping leuwih badag batan kemiringan gurat potong kadua widang lemah. • Sudut gurat potong kadua widang lemah leuwih badag batan sudut iser jerona. c. Longsoran guling (toppling failure) Longsoran guling umumna lumangsung dina lamping anu gurawés sarta dina batuan anu teuas di mana struktur widang lemahnya ngawangun lajur Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 7. (Gambar di handapeun).Longsoran jenis ieu lumangsung lamun widang-widang lemah anu aya berlawanan kalayan kemiringan lamping. Longsoran ieu dina blok fleksibel, lumangsung lamun: • β> 900 + f - α, di mana β = kemiringan widang lemah, f = sudut iser dina sarta α = kemiringan lamping. • Béda maksimal jurus (strike) sarta keker (joint) kalayan sudut lamping (slope) nyaéta 300. d. Longsoran busur (circular failure) Longsoran busur umumna lumangsung dina material anu boga sipat ucul (loose material) kawas material taneuh.Luyu kalayan ngaranna, widang longsorannya ngawangun busur (Gambar di handapeun). Batuan ancur anu aya dina hiji wewengkon penimbunan kalayan dimensi badag baris condong urug dina wangun busur bunderan (Hoek and Bray, 1981). Dina longsoran busur anu lumangsung dina wewengkon bulenan, biasana faktor struktur géologi henteu teuing dina kestabilan lamping bulenan.Umumna, kestabilan lamping bulenan ngagantung dina karateristik material, dimensi lamping sarta kaayaan cai taneuh anu aya sarta faktor luar anu mangaruhan kestabilan lamping dina lamping bulenan. 2.5 Pencegahan Lumangsungna Musibah Alam Taneuh Urug a. Ulah mencetak sérang sarta nyieun kolam dina lamping bagian luhur di deukeut pemukiman. b. Buatlah terasering (sengkedan) dina lamping anu gurawés lamun ngawangun padumukan. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 8. c. Geura-giru nutupan retakan taneuh sarta dipadatkan ambéh cai henteu asup ka dina taneuh ngaliwatan retakan d. Ulah motong gawir jalan jadi ajeg e. Ulah ngadegkeun imah di tepi walungan anu werit erosi f. Ulah menebang tangkal di lamping (gb. kénca) g. Ulah ngawangun imah di handapeun gawir 2.6 Hal – Hal anu Kudu Di Pigawé Salila sarta Sageus Lumangsung Musibah a. Tanggap Darurat Anu kudu dipigawé dina tahap tanggap darurat nyaéta penyelamatan sarta pertolongan korban sagancangna sangkan korban henteu nambahan. Aya sawatara hal anu kudu diperhatikan, c. Rehabilitasi Usaha pemulihan korban sarta prasarananya, ngawengku kaayaan sosial, ékonomi, sarta sarana transportasi. Sajaba ti éta dikaji ogé perkembangan taneuh urug sarta téknik pengendaliannya sangkan taneuh urug henteu ngembang sarta penentuan relokasi korban taneuh urug lamun taneuh urug hésé dikadalikeun. d. Rekonstruksi Penguatan wangunan-wangunan infrastruktur di wewengkon werit urug henteu jadi tinimbangan utama pikeun mitigasi karuksakan anu disebabkan ku taneuh urug, alatan kerentanan pikeun wangunan-wangunan anu diwangun dina jalur taneuh urug ampir 100%. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 9. BAB III PANUTUP 3.1 Kacindekan Dumasar uraian di luhur, kami bisa menyimpulkan kieu: a. musibah urug nyaéta Dina prinsipnya taneuh urug lumangsung lamun gaya pendorong dina lamping leuwih badag ti gaya tahanan. b. Urug bisa lumangsung ku 2 faktor nyaéta: faktor alam sarta faktor manusa. c. Hal – hal anu kudu di pigawé salila sarta sageus lumangsung musibah • Tanggap Darurat • Rehabilitasi • Rekonstruksi 3.2 Bongbolongan Ti uraian anu geus kami sampaikan di hareup, kami bisa méré bongbolongan, antara séjén: a. Ulah menebang tangkal sacara sembarangan alatan hal ieu bisa ngabalukarkeun taneuh henteu sanggup pikeun nahan cai anu datang kalayan jumlah badag. b. Tanamilah balik lahan-lahan gundul di kira-kira urang sangkan bisa nahan cai hujan ku kituna urang bisa terhindar ti musibah taneuh urug. Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana
  • 10. DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. http://teguhmaulana8.blogspot.com/2012/04/pengertain-longsor-dan-jenis- jenis.html 2. http://arifcaesar03.blogspot.com/2012/05/macam-macam-longsoran.html 3. http://arfa-manaf.blogspot.com/2011/12/jenis-jenis-longsoran.html 4. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_longsor Makalah ieu mangrupa salah sahiji conto waé sarta muga bisa méré mangpaat pikeun kuring sarta kabéhanana