The CAT exam pattern has undergone significant changes, including the introduction of a sectional time limit of one hour for each section, which are Verbal Ability, Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Ability. The number of non-MCQ questions has decreased, and new answer options such as 'not applicable' and 'none of these' have been added for MCQs. Additionally, the ability to navigate between sections, removed in previous years, has been highlighted as a limitation by students.