This presentation was held by PD Dr. Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer, M.A., and Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt at the General Online Research Conference 2012 in Mannheim, Germany. It deals with an exploratory content analysis of 17 social media guidelines released by German, Swiss and Anglo-American news media organisations. The study focussed on the following questions:
- Do the guidelines regulate or advice journalists' private and/or professional use of social media?
- Which legal foundations and problems are addressed?
- Which role or activities of the audience are mentioned?
- Which journalistic activities (e.g. investigating, selection and observation of topics and events) are regulated and advised?
"Bitte schließen Sie den Kommentarbereich!" Erwartungen und Erwartungserwartu...jpub 2.0
"'Bitte schließen Sie den Kommentarbereich!' Erwartungen & Erwartungserwartungen an Publikumsbeteiligung im Journalismus", Vortrag von Wiebke Loosen, Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Nele Heise & Julius Reimer im Rahmen der 58. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (DGPuK) am 10. Mai 2013 in Mainz.
"Bitte schließen Sie den Kommentarbereich!" Erwartungen und Erwartungserwartu...jpub 2.0
"'Bitte schließen Sie den Kommentarbereich!' Erwartungen & Erwartungserwartungen an Publikumsbeteiligung im Journalismus", Vortrag von Wiebke Loosen, Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Nele Heise & Julius Reimer im Rahmen der 58. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (DGPuK) am 10. Mai 2013 in Mainz.
Reimer 2019: The Incomputable Audience: the Social Construction of Journalist...Julius Reimer
"The Incomputable Audience: the Social Construction of Journalists’ Perceptions of Users", presentation at the "Future of Journalism Conference 2019" on September 12th, 2019 in Cardiff, Wales.
Reimer hanusch tandoc_2018_influence of algorithmic vs qualitative feedbackJulius Reimer
„The Influence of Algorithmic vs Qualitative Audience Feedback on Journalists’ Work“, presentation at the 68th annual conference of the International Communication Association (ICA) in Prague, 28 May 2018 (together with Folker Hanusch and Edson Tandoc, Jr.).
Media Training overview conducted with UNL IANR Research Faculty at Nebraska Innovation Campus. Download the powerpoint presentation to view the embedded videos.
Emerging media and a growing body of research findings lead to a certain feeling of insecurity in marketing: "Do I the right things to reach my target audience?". Media research have to provice insights, which helps marketing experts to understand the changing media world from a consumer point of view. UM's study "Media in Mind" provide such kinds of real insights, which helps us to understand media usage, attention allocation and the role of influencers in a "network of experts". The presentation was given at the ESOMAR conference "WM3 2008" in Budapest.
Media Relations the RIGHT way -- the ONLY way.
Principles and practices from the media relations profession. Contact larry@larrylitwin.com with questions or comments.
Uses & Gratifications Theory, Leading Discussion, Fardin Ayar.pdfAfghanistan
The belief that the use of media depends on the satisfaction, need, desire or motivation of each audience is almost as old as media research. Audiences are often formed based on the similarity of individual needs, interests and tastes, which have a social or psychological origin.
This way of thinking is belonging to the school of research called (use and gratification or interest and satisfaction) (McQuoid).
This approach was first described in an article by Katz (1959), which Katz began with the question, "What do people do with the media?"
When Data Become News. A Content Analysis of Data Journalism Pieces.jpub 2.0
Presentation by Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer & Fenja Schmidt held at The Future of Journalism Conference: Risks, Threats and Opportunities, Sep 10th 2015, Cardiff
Reimer 2019: The Incomputable Audience: the Social Construction of Journalist...Julius Reimer
"The Incomputable Audience: the Social Construction of Journalists’ Perceptions of Users", presentation at the "Future of Journalism Conference 2019" on September 12th, 2019 in Cardiff, Wales.
Reimer hanusch tandoc_2018_influence of algorithmic vs qualitative feedbackJulius Reimer
„The Influence of Algorithmic vs Qualitative Audience Feedback on Journalists’ Work“, presentation at the 68th annual conference of the International Communication Association (ICA) in Prague, 28 May 2018 (together with Folker Hanusch and Edson Tandoc, Jr.).
Media Training overview conducted with UNL IANR Research Faculty at Nebraska Innovation Campus. Download the powerpoint presentation to view the embedded videos.
Emerging media and a growing body of research findings lead to a certain feeling of insecurity in marketing: "Do I the right things to reach my target audience?". Media research have to provice insights, which helps marketing experts to understand the changing media world from a consumer point of view. UM's study "Media in Mind" provide such kinds of real insights, which helps us to understand media usage, attention allocation and the role of influencers in a "network of experts". The presentation was given at the ESOMAR conference "WM3 2008" in Budapest.
Media Relations the RIGHT way -- the ONLY way.
Principles and practices from the media relations profession. Contact larry@larrylitwin.com with questions or comments.
Uses & Gratifications Theory, Leading Discussion, Fardin Ayar.pdfAfghanistan
The belief that the use of media depends on the satisfaction, need, desire or motivation of each audience is almost as old as media research. Audiences are often formed based on the similarity of individual needs, interests and tastes, which have a social or psychological origin.
This way of thinking is belonging to the school of research called (use and gratification or interest and satisfaction) (McQuoid).
This approach was first described in an article by Katz (1959), which Katz began with the question, "What do people do with the media?"
When Data Become News. A Content Analysis of Data Journalism Pieces.jpub 2.0
Presentation by Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer & Fenja Schmidt held at The Future of Journalism Conference: Risks, Threats and Opportunities, Sep 10th 2015, Cardiff
Loosen: The Journalism/Audience-Relationship as a Communicative Figuration I...jpub 2.0
Wiebke Loosen: The Journalism/Audience-‐Rela5onship as a Communicaitve Figuration. Presentation at the International Communication Association's 65th annual conference, May 22nd 2015, San Juan
@ WLoosen
Vortrag von Wiebke Loosen und Julius Reimer im Rahmen der Jahrestagung „Die neuen Amateure – zur Konjunktur einer Sozialfigur“ der Sektion Professionssoziologie in Zusammenarbeit mit der Sektion Wissenssoziologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie am 5. Juni 2014 an der Technischen Universität Berlin.
Loosen/Reimer/Heise/Schmidt (DGPuK 2014) Was Journalisten wollen und sollen
Social media guidelines in journalism
1. Social Media Guidelines in Journalism
PD Dr. Wiebke Loosen
Julius Reimer, M.A.
Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt
GOR12
Mannheim, March 6th 2012
2. Agenda
• Background: social media and journalism
• Method and sample
• Categories
• Results
• Conclusion
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 2
3. Background: social media and journalism
• Social media are increasingly relevant for journalism
à New job descriptions (e.g. social media editor)
à New competencies (e.g. research methods, presentation formats)
à New work routines (e.g. community management)
(see e.g. Williams et al. 2011; Singer 2010; Domingo et al. 2008)
à Need to manage the different options to interact with the audience resp. the users
• One way: social media guidelines which advise or even regulate journalists’ social
media activities
à Relevant sources for studying how journalism tries to manage its extension to new
communication spaces and practices
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 3
4. Method and sample
Method
• Content analysis of SMGs of media organisations/newsrooms
Sample
• Publicly accessible: 9 (incl. 5 Anglo-American best practice examples)
• For internal use: 8
• Total: 17
• 11 German, 2 British, 3 US-American, 1 Swiss
• 4 newspapers, 11 broadcasters, 3 news agencies
• 8 private organisations, 9 public service broadcasters
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 4
5. Categories
Private and/or professional use Role/activities of the audience
• Dialogue
Legal foundations and problems • Criticism/suggestions for improvement
• Copyright • Identify topics
• Brands, logos, titles etc. • Generate content
• Confidential Information/reputational
damage
Journalistic activities
• Ethical Problems
• Advertising/distributing of content
• Personal rights/data protection
• Investigating/fact-checking
• Protection of minors
• Transparency
• Observation of events/topics
Intra-coder reliability ranged • Selection of topics to be covered
from .76 to .94
• Editing of news content
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 5
6. Results
Private and/or professional use (n=17)
“Assume that your professional life and your
Private and professional use 15 personal life will merge online regardless of
your care in separating them.”
Professional use only 1
Private use only 0
Not evident 1
“Everyone who works for XY must be mindful “Make clear in how far you are speaking as a
that opinions he or she expresses may private person or as a journalist.” (transl.: JR)
damage XY’s reputation as an unbiased
source of news.”
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 6
7. Results
Legal foundations and problems addressed (n=17)
Copyright 15
Brands, logos, titles etc. 12
Confidential Information/ “Confidential and in-house information does not belong
11
reputational damage in public networks and fora.” (transl.: JR)
Ethical problems 11 5 Anglo-American, 5 German, 1 Swiss SMG
Personal rights/data protection 9 1 private org., 8 public service broadcasters
Protection of minors 6 Only public service SMG
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 7
8. Results
Role/activities of the audience (n=17)
Dialogue 11
Criticism/
8
suggestions for improvement
Generate content 4 3 German public service broadcasters
Identify topics 3 Only German SMG
4 guidelines do not mention any audience role or activity.
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 8
9. Results
Use of social media for journalistic activities (n=17)
“They can be valuable tools in disseminating news and
Advertising/distributing of content 9
information.”
Investigating/fact-checking 8
Transparency 7 Deliver “insight into our working routines”
Observation of events/topics 6 “Participating in social media can help identify trends at
an early stage […] or seize ideas for topics” (transl.: JR)
Selection of topics to be covered 5 “Through their use of social media, users can influence
the prioritisation of topics” (transl.: JR)
Editing of news content 0
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 9
10. Conclusion
• Hardly any differences between groups (countries; private and public service news media;
newspapers, broadcasters and news agencies)
• Most guidelines address
• professional as well as private use of social media,
• copyright issues, confidential information and reputational damage,
• users as dialogue partners and critics rather than as creators of content,
• the distribution of content and investigating rather than the collective selection and
production of news.
• Yet, differences between single SMGs
à No profession-wide standards concerning social media activities of news organisations
and journalists, so far
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 10
11. References
• Domingo, David/Thorsten Quandt/Ari Heinonen/Steve Paulussen/Jane B. Singer/Marina
Vujnovic (2008): Participatory journalism practices in the media and beyond: An international
comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers. In: Journalism Practice, vol. 2(3): 326-342.
• Singer, Jane B. (2010): Quality Control. Perceived effects of user-generated content on
newsroom norms, values and routines. In: Journalism Practice, vol. 4(2): 127-142.
• Williams, Andy/Claire Wardle/KarinWahl-Jorgensen (2011): Have they got news for us?
Audience revolution or business as usual at the BBC? In: Journalism Practice, vol. 5(1): 85-99.
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 11
12. Thank you for your attention.
PD Dr. Wiebke Loosen
Julius Reimer, M.A.
Dr. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt
Hans-Bredow-Institut
Warburgstraße 8-10
20354 Hamburg
j.reimer@hans-bredow-institut.de
@jpub20team
Loosen/Reimer/Schmidt 12