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X.MANUEL BESTEIRO ALONSO
Colexio Apostólico mercedario
           VERÍN
INTRODUCIÓN:            Altura (Km)      Presión (atm)
                          Nivel do mar   1
Supoñamos que a
presión atmosférica              1       0,9
ao nivel do mar é de             2       0,92=0,81
1 atm, pero , que por
cada Km que se                   3       0,93=0,729
ascende, o seu valor
é 0,9 veces a
                                 4       0,94=0,656
existente un Km máis             5       0,95=0,590
abaixo. ¿A que altura
se encontrará un                 6       0,96=0,531
globo sonda que                  7       0,97=0,4783
marca no seu
barómetro unha                   8       0,98=0,43047
presión de 0,325
atm?
                                 9       0,99=0,38742
                                10       0,910=0,34868
                                 X        0,9 = 0,325
                                           X

                                11       0,911=0,31381
0,9X = 0,325

  Chamamos logaritmo de 0,325 en base 0,9 oa exponente ao
  que temos que elevar esa base para obter o número dado

Definición

      Chámase logaritmo en base a dun número N,
  ao exponente x ao que hai que elevar a base para
  obter dito número


              log a N = x         ax = N
Logaritmos decimais

      Cando a base a = 10 chámanse logaritmos
  decimais e exprésanse simplemente por
  Log N = x en vez de log 10 N =x


Logaritmos Neperianos

     Cando a base a = e chámanse logaritmos
  Neperianos e exprésanse como Ln N = x

                  log e N = Ln N


                 e = 2.71828…
PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS


1.- Logaritmo dun produto

        log a (M·N) = LogaM +Loga N

2.- Logaritmo dun cociente

        log a (M/N) = LogaM - Loga N

3.- Logaritmo dunha potencia

            log a Mn = n·LogaM
PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS


4.- Logaritmo dunha raíz
       .                     1
              Log a   n
                          M = Log a M
                             n
5.- Logaritmo dun nº igual á base
                Log a a = 1
6.- Logaritmo de 1

           log a 1 = 0 para calquera base
PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS


7.- Cambio de base
       .                 Log b M
               Log a M =
                         Log b a
Exemplos:

    log 3 9 = 2 →     3 =9 2


                       3
    log 5 125 = 3 →   5 = 125
Logaritmos
Logaritmos

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Logaritmos

  • 1. X.MANUEL BESTEIRO ALONSO Colexio Apostólico mercedario VERÍN
  • 2. INTRODUCIÓN: Altura (Km) Presión (atm) Nivel do mar 1 Supoñamos que a presión atmosférica 1 0,9 ao nivel do mar é de 2 0,92=0,81 1 atm, pero , que por cada Km que se 3 0,93=0,729 ascende, o seu valor é 0,9 veces a 4 0,94=0,656 existente un Km máis 5 0,95=0,590 abaixo. ¿A que altura se encontrará un 6 0,96=0,531 globo sonda que 7 0,97=0,4783 marca no seu barómetro unha 8 0,98=0,43047 presión de 0,325 atm? 9 0,99=0,38742 10 0,910=0,34868 X 0,9 = 0,325 X 11 0,911=0,31381
  • 3. 0,9X = 0,325 Chamamos logaritmo de 0,325 en base 0,9 oa exponente ao que temos que elevar esa base para obter o número dado Definición Chámase logaritmo en base a dun número N, ao exponente x ao que hai que elevar a base para obter dito número log a N = x ax = N
  • 4. Logaritmos decimais Cando a base a = 10 chámanse logaritmos decimais e exprésanse simplemente por Log N = x en vez de log 10 N =x Logaritmos Neperianos Cando a base a = e chámanse logaritmos Neperianos e exprésanse como Ln N = x log e N = Ln N e = 2.71828…
  • 5. PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS 1.- Logaritmo dun produto log a (M·N) = LogaM +Loga N 2.- Logaritmo dun cociente log a (M/N) = LogaM - Loga N 3.- Logaritmo dunha potencia log a Mn = n·LogaM
  • 6. PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS 4.- Logaritmo dunha raíz . 1 Log a n M = Log a M n 5.- Logaritmo dun nº igual á base Log a a = 1 6.- Logaritmo de 1 log a 1 = 0 para calquera base
  • 7. PROPIEDADES DOS LOGARITMOS 7.- Cambio de base . Log b M Log a M = Log b a
  • 8. Exemplos: log 3 9 = 2 → 3 =9 2 3 log 5 125 = 3 → 5 = 125