Brendan Eich created the JavaScript programming language and co-founded Mozilla. JavaScript is a lightweight, dynamic programming language used widely for web pages to provide interactivity. It was initially created by Netscape in 1995 under the name LiveScript, later changed to JavaScript with involvement from Sun Microsystems. JavaScript code can be embedded directly in HTML or stored externally and supports features like object-oriented programming, functions, and regular expressions. The document provides examples of enabling JavaScript in browsers and a simple "Hello World" JavaScript program.