SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 2
List of Figures
Page
Figure (1) Normal anatomy of posterior wall of inguinal
canal…………………………………………….. 7
Figure (2) Inguinal and femoral region…………………….. 9
Figure (3) External oblique muscle and aponeurosis (skin
and layers of superficial fascia removed)……... 11
Figure (4) Parasagittal section through right mid-inguinal
region, illustrating separation of musculo-
aponeurotic lamina into anterior and posterior
inguinal walls……………………………………. 12
Figure (5) Conjoined area………………………………….. 13
Figure (6) Iliopectineal arch………………………………... 15
Figure (7) inguinal region anterior view……………………. 18
Figure (8) inguinal canal and spermatic cord………………. 21
Figure (9) inguinal anatomy without peritoneal covering….. 25
Figure (10) peritoneal covering with deep ring……………… 28
Figure (11) site of direct and indirect hernia………………… 30
Figure (12) the transversals fascia…………………………… 31
Figure (13) spermatic vessels and vas and inferior epigastric
… vessels………………………………………. 35
Figure (14) inside of the inguinal area is traversed by several
lumber nerves…………………………………… 37
Figure (15) an indirect inguinal hernia………………………. 61
Figure (16) femoral hernia…………………………………… 68
Figure (17) The lower edge of the two tails are sutured to
inguinal ligament………………………………...
78
Page
Figure (18) The upper edge of the mesh is sutured to the
internal oblique aponeurosis and the two tail of
the mesh are crossed……………………………. 79
Figure (19) The lower edge of the two tails are sutured to
inguinal ligament………………………………... 80
Figure (20) Trocars position………………………………… 116
Figure (21) Ports position in TAPP………………………… 114
Figure (22) Actual Views – TAPP Repair…………………… 117
Figure (23) Protack used in fixing the mesh in TAPP……….. 118
Figure (24) Positioning of the patient and the team………….. 121
Figure (25) Ports position in TEP…………………………… 122
Figure (26) Incision below umbilicus with retraction rectus
muscle to show posterior rectus sheath…………. 123
Figure (27) A balloon dissection…………………………….. 124
Figure (28) Locations of hernia in relation to the epigastric
and iliac vessels………………………………….
126
Figure (29) Dissection of the sac……………………………. 126
Figure (30) Preparing of mesh………………………………. 127
Figure (31) Diagram of patient position……………………. 132
Figure (32) Ports position …………………….…………….. 132

More Related Content

More from Gergis Rabea

Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canal
Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canalLaparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canal
Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canalGergis Rabea
 
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias Gergis Rabea
 
Summary of the work
Summary of the workSummary of the work
Summary of the workGergis Rabea
 
References of my essay
References of my essayReferences of my essay
References of my essayGergis Rabea
 
Pathophysiology of inguinal hernia
Pathophysiology of inguinal herniaPathophysiology of inguinal hernia
Pathophysiology of inguinal herniaGergis Rabea
 
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias Gergis Rabea
 
list of abbreviations of the work
list of abbreviations of the worklist of abbreviations of the work
list of abbreviations of the workGergis Rabea
 
Introduction of the work
Introduction of the workIntroduction of the work
Introduction of the workGergis Rabea
 
Cover of the essay
Cover of the essayCover of the essay
Cover of the essayGergis Rabea
 
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repair
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repairComplications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repair
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repairGergis Rabea
 
Clinical manifestation of inguinal hernia
Clinical manifestation of inguinal herniaClinical manifestation of inguinal hernia
Clinical manifestation of inguinal herniaGergis Rabea
 
Classification of inguinal hernia
Classification of inguinal herniaClassification of inguinal hernia
Classification of inguinal herniaGergis Rabea
 
surgical anatomy of inguinal canal
surgical anatomy of inguinal canalsurgical anatomy of inguinal canal
surgical anatomy of inguinal canalGergis Rabea
 

More from Gergis Rabea (14)

Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canal
Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canalLaparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canal
Laparoscopic anatomy of inguinal canal
 
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias
 
Summary of the work
Summary of the workSummary of the work
Summary of the work
 
References of my essay
References of my essayReferences of my essay
References of my essay
 
Pathophysiology of inguinal hernia
Pathophysiology of inguinal herniaPathophysiology of inguinal hernia
Pathophysiology of inguinal hernia
 
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias
Open mesh repair of inguinal hernias
 
list of abbreviations of the work
list of abbreviations of the worklist of abbreviations of the work
list of abbreviations of the work
 
Introduction of the work
Introduction of the workIntroduction of the work
Introduction of the work
 
Cover english
Cover englishCover english
Cover english
 
Cover of the essay
Cover of the essayCover of the essay
Cover of the essay
 
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repair
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repairComplications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repair
Complications associated with laparoscopic rgoin hernia repair
 
Clinical manifestation of inguinal hernia
Clinical manifestation of inguinal herniaClinical manifestation of inguinal hernia
Clinical manifestation of inguinal hernia
 
Classification of inguinal hernia
Classification of inguinal herniaClassification of inguinal hernia
Classification of inguinal hernia
 
surgical anatomy of inguinal canal
surgical anatomy of inguinal canalsurgical anatomy of inguinal canal
surgical anatomy of inguinal canal
 

Recently uploaded

Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...narwatsonia7
 
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...GENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...jageshsingh5554
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...chandars293
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Sheetaleventcompany
 
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...Arohi Goyal
 
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Servicevidya singh
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...astropune
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...Taniya Sharma
 
Russian Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...
Russian Call Girls Service  Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...Russian Call Girls Service  Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...
Russian Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...parulsinha
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...astropune
 
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...aartirawatdelhi
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...parulsinha
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Dipal Arora
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
 
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
 
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
 
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
 
Russian Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...
Russian Call Girls Service  Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...Russian Call Girls Service  Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...
Russian Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️PALLAVI VIP Jaipur Call Gir...
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
 
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bareilly Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
 

List of figures of the work

  • 1. List of Figures Page Figure (1) Normal anatomy of posterior wall of inguinal canal…………………………………………….. 7 Figure (2) Inguinal and femoral region…………………….. 9 Figure (3) External oblique muscle and aponeurosis (skin and layers of superficial fascia removed)……... 11 Figure (4) Parasagittal section through right mid-inguinal region, illustrating separation of musculo- aponeurotic lamina into anterior and posterior inguinal walls……………………………………. 12 Figure (5) Conjoined area………………………………….. 13 Figure (6) Iliopectineal arch………………………………... 15 Figure (7) inguinal region anterior view……………………. 18 Figure (8) inguinal canal and spermatic cord………………. 21 Figure (9) inguinal anatomy without peritoneal covering….. 25 Figure (10) peritoneal covering with deep ring……………… 28 Figure (11) site of direct and indirect hernia………………… 30 Figure (12) the transversals fascia…………………………… 31 Figure (13) spermatic vessels and vas and inferior epigastric … vessels………………………………………. 35 Figure (14) inside of the inguinal area is traversed by several lumber nerves…………………………………… 37 Figure (15) an indirect inguinal hernia………………………. 61 Figure (16) femoral hernia…………………………………… 68 Figure (17) The lower edge of the two tails are sutured to inguinal ligament………………………………... 78
  • 2. Page Figure (18) The upper edge of the mesh is sutured to the internal oblique aponeurosis and the two tail of the mesh are crossed……………………………. 79 Figure (19) The lower edge of the two tails are sutured to inguinal ligament………………………………... 80 Figure (20) Trocars position………………………………… 116 Figure (21) Ports position in TAPP………………………… 114 Figure (22) Actual Views – TAPP Repair…………………… 117 Figure (23) Protack used in fixing the mesh in TAPP……….. 118 Figure (24) Positioning of the patient and the team………….. 121 Figure (25) Ports position in TEP…………………………… 122 Figure (26) Incision below umbilicus with retraction rectus muscle to show posterior rectus sheath…………. 123 Figure (27) A balloon dissection…………………………….. 124 Figure (28) Locations of hernia in relation to the epigastric and iliac vessels…………………………………. 126 Figure (29) Dissection of the sac……………………………. 126 Figure (30) Preparing of mesh………………………………. 127 Figure (31) Diagram of patient position……………………. 132 Figure (32) Ports position …………………….…………….. 132