This document provides an overview of Perl 6 features, including: 1. It discusses versions of Perl from 5.000 to 6.0 and differences between Perl 5 and Perl 6. 2. It introduces various Perl 6 features such as say and print, variables, contexts, subroutines, anonymous subroutines, cycles, hyperoperators, junctions, multi functions, overriding operators, switch/case, and smart matching. 3. It provides code examples to illustrate how to use these features in Perl 6.

1. Life with Perl

2. Life with Perl
both 5 and 6

3. Life with Perl
both 5 and 6
5 stands for both 5.8.8 and 5.10

4. Versions of Perl (perlhist)

5. Lyrical digression

7. Time measuring

8. 5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
Versions of Perl (perlhist)

9. 5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 ?
Versions of Perl (perlhist)

10. 5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 Сhristmas
Versions of Perl (perlhist)

11. 5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 2000
Versions of Perl (perlhist)

12. Perl 6 docs, specs, thoughts
RFCs
Apocalypses
Exegeses
Synopses

13. 5 != 6

14. Lyrical digression

15. Perl 5 mess

16. Perl 6 clean-up

17. 5 != 6
4 != 5

18. Programme (script?)
Compiler
Virtual machine (VM)
Byte-code

19. Programme (script?)
Compiler
Virtual machine (VM)
Byte-code

20. Basic
Forth
Jako
Lisp
m4
Ook
Perl 6
Perl 5
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
PASM
IMC
PBC
PIR
PIL

21. C#
J#
VB.NET
JScript.NET
managed C++
Ada (A#)
F#
COBOL.NET
FORTRAN.NET
Perl.NET
CLR

22. Java
JRE

23. Most practical compilers
languages/perl6 in parrot.tar.gz
Perl6::* on CPAN
PUGS
Rakudo

24. Most practical compilers
Rakudo
= =
parrot/langauges/perl6

25. Most practical compilers
Rakudo
= =
parrot/langauges/perl6 + years

26. PUGS. Made with Haskell

27. PUGS. Made with Haskell
Most full coverage of Perl 6 specs

28. PUGS. Made with Haskell
Most full coverage of Perl 6 specs
Needs latest version of GHC

30. It is
not lyrics

31. PUGS. Made with Haskell
Most full coverage of Perl 6 specs
Needs latest version of GHC
Slow

32. PUGS. Made with Haskell
Most full coverage of Perl 6 specs
Needs latest version of GHC
Slow
Contains tests

33. Perl 6

34. perl.it

35. perl.it!

36. UTF-8

37. say and print
say "俄罗斯新闻网";

38. say and print
say "俄罗斯新闻网";
"俄罗斯新闻网".say;

39. say and print
say "俄罗斯新闻网";
"俄罗斯新闻网".say;
"俄罗斯新闻网".say();

40. say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);

41. say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);
"string".say;
123.say;

42. say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);
"string".say;
123.say;
3.14.say;

43. String length
my $str = "俄罗斯新闻网";
say $str.length;

44. String length
my $str = "俄罗斯新闻网";
say $str.length;
say $str.chars; 6
say $str.bytes; 18

45. String concatenation
my $string_a = "abcde";
my $string_b = "fghij";
print $string_a . $string_b;5
print $string_a ~ $string_b;6

46. Lyrical digression

47. Different wishes

48. Different wishes

49. Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
"two" => 20);

50. Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
"two" => 20);
print $string;
print $string;
5
6

51. Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
"two" => 20);
5
6
print $array[1];
print @array[1];

52. Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
"two" => 20);
5
6
print $hash{"one"};
print %hash{"one"};

53. Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
"two" => 20);
5
6
print $hash{"one"};
print %hash{"one"};
print %hash<one>;
print %hash<one two>;

54. Contexts
my @array = (5..10);

55. Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10

56. Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say +@array; 6

57. Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say int @array; 6

58. Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say int @array; 6
say ~ hash @array; 5 6
7 8
9 10

59. Contexts
my $value = 100;
say $value; 100

60. Contexts
my $value = 100;
say $value; 100
say ?$value; 1

61. Subroutines
sub callme ($first, $second)
{
say "$first, $second";
}
callme(10, 20);

62. Subroutines
sub callme ($first, $second)
{
say "$first, $second";
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;

63. Subroutines
sub callme ($first, $second)
{
say "$first, $second";
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;
callme (10, 20);

64. Subroutines
sub callme ($first, $second)
{
say "$first, $second";
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;
callme (10, 20);
callme(second => 20,
first => 10);

65. Subroutines
sub callme (@a, @b)
{
say @a ~ ", " ~ @b;
}
my @odd = (1, 3);
my @even = (2, 4);
callme @odd, @even; 1 3, 2 4

66. Subroutines
sub callme ($arg is rw)
sub inc ($value, $step = 1)

67. Anonymous subroutines
my $print_line_break =
{
print "<br />";
}
$print_line_break();

68. Anonymous subroutines
my $square = ‐> ($value)
{
$value ** 2;
}
say $square(20); 400

69. Anonymous subroutines
my $square = ‐> ($value)
{
$value ** 2;
}
say $square(20); 400
say $square 20;

70. Cycles
for @list
{
say $_;
}

71. Cycles
for @list ‐> $value
{
say $value;
}

72. Cycles
for @list ‐> $value
{
say $value;
}
for @list, sub ($value)
{
say $value;
}

73. Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd »+« @even;
say ~@sum; 3 7 11

74. Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd »+« @even;
say ~@sum;
my @next = @sum »+« 1;
say ~@next;

75. Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd >>+<< @even;
say ~@sum;
my @next = @sum >>+<< 1;
say ~@next;

76. Hyperoperator monument

77. Junctions
say "yes"
if 20 == 10 | 20 | 30;
say "yes"
if 20 == any (10, 20, 30);

78. Junctions
say "yes"
if 20 == 10 | 20 | 30;
say "yes"
if 20 == any (10, 20, 30);
say "no"
if 21 == none (10, 20, 30);

79. multi functions
multi sub the_name ($scalar) {...}
multi sub the_name ($s1, $s2) {...}
multi sub the_name (@array) {...}

80. multi functions
multi sub the_name ($scalar) {...}
multi sub the_name ($s1, $s2) {...}
multi sub the_name (@array) {...}
the_name($some_value);
the_name($value1, $value2);
the_name(@some_array);

81. Overriding operators
multi infix:<+> ($a, $b)
{
return $a ‐ $b;
}
say 10 + 20; ‐10

82. Overriding operators
multi postfix:<@> ($power)
{
return 2 ** $power;
}
say 8@; 256

83. Overriding operators
sub postfix:<power_of_two> ($power)
{
return 2 ** $power;
}
say 8 power_of_two; 256

84. switch and case
given ($x)
{
when "a" {say ...}
when "b" {say ...}
when /<[a‐z]>/ {...}
default {...}
}

85. Smart matching
~~

86. Smart matching
$a ~~ $b
==
$b ~~ $a

87. Smart matching
my $b;
$b ~~ undef
!defined $b

88. Smart matching
my $c = 'abc';
$c ~~ 'abc'
$c eq 'abc'

89. Smart matching
my @a = (1..3);
my @b = (1..3);
@a ~~ @b
1 == 1 && 2 == 2 && 3 == 3

90. Smart matching
my @f = ('a'..'f');
@f ~~ 'd'
grep {$_ eq 'd'} @f

91. Smart matching
my %h = (a => 'alpha',
b => 'beta');
%h ~~ 'a'
exists $h{'a'}

92. Smart matching
my %h = (a => 'alpha',
b => 'beta');
my %hh = (b => 1, a => 2);
%h ~~ %hh
[sort keys %h] ~~
[sort keys %hh]

93. Smart matching
Works
in Perl 5.10!

94. People think of Perl 6

95. I think of today's Perl 6

96. Classes
class Alphabet
{
}
my $abc = new Alphabet;

97. Classes
class Alphabet
{
has $.Name;
has $Length;
}
my $abc = new Alphabet;
$abc.Name = "Latin";
$abc.Length = 26;

98. Classes
class Alphabet
{
...
method info
{
say "$.Name; $Length";
}
}
$abc.info();

99. Classes
class Alphabet
{
method BUILD {...}
method DESTROY {...}
}

100. Inheritance
class Characters is Alphabet
{
}
my $chars = new Characters;
$chars.info();

101. Inheritance
class Characters
is Alphabet
is Unique
is NonLatin
{
}

102. Roles (interfaces?)
role HaveName
{
has $Name;
method GetName
{return $.Name;}
}
class NamedAbc does HaveName {}

103. June 2003

104. June 2004

105. June 2004 2005

106. 2005

107. 2007?

108. 2008?

109. Cancelled

111. Perl 6
in
Perl 5.10

112. use feature qw(
say
switch
state
);

113. sub f {
state $c;
say ++$c;
}
f(); f(); f();
1 2 3

114. //
defined-or

115. my $c = 0;
my $d = $c // 3;
say $d; 0
my $e = 0;
my $f = $e || 4;
say $f; 4

116. Perl 6 today is
Rakudo
www.rakudo.org

117. The Way Of The Camel
Rakudа-do

118. Rakudo
cd languages/perl6/
make perl6

119. Binding
my $hour = 14;
my $summertime := $hour;
say $hour;
$summertime++;
say $hour;

120. .WHAT
class Language {
has $!Name;
method give_name ($newname) {
$!Name = $newname;
}
method say_name {
say "This is $!Name";
}
}
my $lang = Language.new();
$lang.give_name('Perl 6');
$lang.say_name();

121. .WHAT
class Language {
}
my $lang = Language.new();
say $lang.WHAT;
say Language.WHAT;

122. say 'before';
try {
die 'Bye!';
}
say 'after';
try

123. regex language {Perl|XML};
say "ok"
if 'Perl' ~~ /<language>/;
say "not ok"
unless 'PHP' ~~ /<language>/;
Regexes

124. More
class Foo{};
my Foo $x;
$x = Foo.new();

125. More
async {
my @sum = @odd >>+<< @even;
}

126. More
atomic {
$a ‐= 100;
$b += 100;
}

128. __END__
Andrew Shitov
mail@andy.sh | http://andy.sh
DORS/CLUC, Zagreb, 2008