1. Laser‐Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
and
Integrated Site VisualizationsTM (ISV)
Direct Sensing Technology
for
Identification and Delineation of
Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL)
at Hydrocarbon Release Sites
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Today’s Presenters:
Ed Creaden
Director, Corporate Marketing
WCEC / Matrix Environmental
ecreaden@wcec.com
913.205.8979
Jim Rolle
ISV
TM
Program Manager
WCEC / Matrix Environmental
ISVinfo@wcec.com
406.549.8487

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Basic principles of LIF technology & operation
Deployment
Output
LNAPL delineation
Interferences & limitations
Data analysis
LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (LCSM)
Case study & ISV examples
What we will discuss:

4. Laser‐Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
Developed by Dakota Technologies, Inc., Fargo, ND
UVOST®
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TarGOST®
Both technologies employ lasers for excitation of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in NAPL.
This presentation focuses primarily on the UVOST® technology.
Tar‐specific Green Optical
Screening Tool
Detects coal tars/creosotes
containing moderate to heavy PAH
concentrations.
Ultra‐Violet Optical Screening Tool
Detects fuels/oils containing low
to moderate PAH concentrations.

5. UVOST® Features
LIF excitation of PAHs present in LNAPL
Direct‐sensing of mobile and residual LNAPL
Real‐time data, logs response vs. depth
Direct‐push delivery (CPT or push probe)
Rapid assessment (200 to 500 ft./day)
Greater cost‐effectiveness than traditional LNAPL
assessment strategies
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UVOST® Technology Description
Naphthalene
C10H8
Fluorescing properties of PAHs
Predictable and unique wavelengths
Predictable and unique decay times
Dakota Technologies

7. UVOST® Technology Description
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Conductivity Wires
Return FiberLaser Launch Fiber
Sapphire Window
Parabolic Mirror
Conductivity Dipole
Shock‐
Protected
Optical
Compartment
(SPOC)
Shock‐resistant and water‐tight SPOC is
advanced with direct‐push equipment.
UVOST® and computer provide
real‐time data logging during
assessment.

8. UVOST® Deployment
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WCEC and Matrix advance the UVOST® tooling using
direct‐push technology from a variety of delivery
platforms.

9. UVOST® Deployment
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Truck‐mounted and tracked probing units are
commonly used to deploy the UVOST®.

10. UVOST® Deployment
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WCEC and Matrix are often required to deploy
UVOST® under complex site access scenarios.

11. UVOST® Output
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The OST translates the fluorescence emission into a
multi‐wavelength waveform.
3D illustration of diesel’s fluorescence
emission – wavelength/time matrix (WTM)
Diesel’s multi‐wavelength
waveform
OST
Dakota Technologies

12. UVOST® Output
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Jet fuel /
kerosene
Dakota Technologies
Gasoline

13. UVOST® Output
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Dakota Technologies
Diesels
Oils

14. UVOST® Output
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Real‐time logs display
response vs. depth
Waveform callouts
on demand
Electrical conductivity
simultaneously logged
with each UVOST® probe
for lithology assessment
Representative UVOST Log

15. Contamination Phases
1) Vapor Phase (soil gas)
2) Adsorbed Phase (molecular)
3) Dissolved Phase (aqueous phase liquid)
4) Non‐aqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL)
a) Mobile
b) Residual
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Hydrocarbon contamination exists in four phases in
the subsurface:

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Contamination Phases

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Contamination Phases

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Contamination Phases

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Contamination Phases

20. 1) Soil Boring Investigation
2) Monitoring Well Network
3) Vapor Survey
4) Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
Responsive to all four phases of contamination
Poor LNAPL delineation
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NAPL Assessment Tools
Standard LNAPL Assessment Methods:

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UVOST® Application
The UVOST® responds only to LNAPL
LCSM

22. LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®
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Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology
LIF‐01 LIF‐02 LIF‐03

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LIF‐01 LIF‐02 LIF‐03
Simplified UVOST® log
Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology
Simplified UVOST® log
LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

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LIF‐01 LIF‐02 LIF‐03
Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology
Simplified UVOST® log
LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

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LIF‐01 LIF‐02 LIF‐03
Simplified UVOST® log
Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology
Simplified UVOST® log
LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

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Simplified UVOST® log
Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology
LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

27. UVOST® assessments collect environmental
measurements at the appropriate scale of the
heterogeneities which control contaminant
distribution, transport and fate.
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High Resolution Data with UVOST®
Subsurface heterogeneities occur at scales that are
often too small for conventional investigation
strategies and technologies to adequately
characterize.

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Data density determines how clearly you
will ‘see’ the picture and how accurate
your LCSM will be.
UVOST® Data Density

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Data density determines how clearly you
will ‘see’ the picture and how accurate
your LCSM will be.
UVOST® Data Density
Greater degrees of accuracy in an LNAPL
assessment support more effective and
efficient remediation.

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Data density determines how clearly you
will ‘see’ the picture and how accurate
your LCSM will be.
UVOST® Data Density
Greater degrees of accuracy in an LNAPL
assessment support more effective and
efficient remediation.
But only up to a limit!
We can assist our clients to develop
appropriate UVOST® sampling plans for
maximum cost‐effectiveness.

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UVOST® Detects:
Gasoline
Diesel
Jet fuel (kerosene)
Motor oil
Hydraulic fluids
Cutting fluids
UVOST® Applications & Limitations
Note: Tar‐specific Green Optical Screening
Tool (TarGOST®) is used for the detection
of coal tars, creosotes, heavy crudes, tank
bottoms, etc.

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UVOST® Applications & Limitations
UVOST® Does Not Detect:
PCBs
Dissolved phase PAHs
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (1)
Note: Tar‐specific Green Optical Screening
Tool (TarGOST®) is used for the detection
of coal tars, creosotes, heavy crudes, tank
bottoms, etc.
UVOST® Detects:
Gasoline
Diesel
Jet fuel (kerosene)
Motor oil
Hydraulic fluids
Cutting fluids
(1) See www.dakotatechnologies.com
for information regarding Dye LIF

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UVOST® Applications & Limitations
UVOST® False Positives:
Organic matter
Sea shells
Calcite
Calcareous sands
Peat
Shorter lifetimes
“Odd” appearance Dakota Technologies
Sand ‐ HI Sand ‐ Dubai Tree Roots
Normal background Noisy baseline Trace diesel on
noise
Biodiesel PAHs in pure water Faulty triggering

34. Key Take‐Aways
LIF responds only to NAPL –
 Effectively differentiates NAPL from other phases of
contamination
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35. Key Take‐Aways
LIF responds only to NAPL –
 Effectively differentiates NAPL from other phases of
contamination
High data density –
 Accurate delineation of NAPL body
 Development of robust LCSM
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36. Key Take‐Aways
LIF responds only to NAPL –
 Effectively differentiates NAPL from other phases of
contamination
High data density –
 Accurate delineation of NAPL body
 Development of robust LCSM
Cost‐effective, real‐time data
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UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development
Integrated Site Visualization (ISVTM)
Delivers a 3D representation of the site
conceptual model
Allows complex information to be easily
evaluated and understood by technical and
non‐technical stakeholders

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UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development
High resolution GIS imagery
Traditional basemap features (CAD drawings)
Topographic maps
Aerial photographs
Lidar data

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UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development
Deliverables include:
Static images
Digital animations
Dynamic 3D files with interactive viewer (4‐DIMs)

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Typical ISV deliverable, consisting of LIF and
electrical conductivity (EC) data
UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development

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Contaminant chemistry, lithology and stratigraphy
data can also be presented in cross‐sectional
diagrams
UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development

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3D fence diagrams are also used to depict the extent
and magnitude of the contaminant plume
UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development

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UVOST® ISV™ Animations
**Due to file size limitations, animations are
not available in the downloadable
presentation.

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study
Legacy petroleum release site in downtown Polson, Montana, initial
investigation in early 1990s
13 facilities with releases and individual PRP ownership
Large undefined LNAPL plume, LNAPL present in various monitoring
wells across the site
Complex lithology consisting of fine‐grained, varved lakebed
sediments
Sensitive surface water receptor (Flathead Lake)
Various regulatory agencies including MTDEQ, City of Polson, Lake
County, CSKT Tribe & USEPA

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study
Investigation included 138 UVOST® borings completed over 10
day period
Geospatial data points recorded for each boring using sub‐
decimeter GPS equipment
Daily uploads of UVOST® response and GPS data conducted
using WCEC’s Real Time Data Transmission (RTDT) service
WCEC UVOST® analyst provided daily 2D LNAPL
isoconcentration maps as a tool to guide the investigation
Depth of borings was correlated to high and low pool lake
elevations

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study
Investigation successfully delineated horizontal and
vertical extent of LNAPL plume allowing for targeted
LNAPL recovery
Completed in 10 field days with total cost of under
$100,000
Previous investigations totaled over $1M and were not
successful in delineating plume
Greatly advanced the CSM through collection of detailed
LNAPL distribution and geophysical data (EC)

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Thank you! Questions?
UVOST® Services:
Jim Dzubay
LIF Services Director
JDzubay@matrixenv.com
800.422.8356
ISVTM
Services:
Jim Rolle
ISVProgram Manager
ISVinfo@wcec.com
406.549.8487
www.matrixenv.com
WCEC and Matrix Services:
Ed Creaden
Marketing Director, WCEC Family of Companies
ecreaden@wcec.com
913.205.8979
www.wcec.com