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- 1. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Lesson 01 DMJ Wickramasinghe Department of Business Management Faculty of Management Studies Rajarata University of Sri Lanka 1 ITM 1153 - Information Technology
- 2. Don’t Stop until you’re proud References/ Reading Materials ØStair, R. M., & Reynolds, G. W. (2018). Principles of Information Systems (13th ed). Boston: Cengage Learning. ØWallace, P. (2015). Introduction to Information Systems (Second Edi). New Jersey: Pearson Education. ØWilliams, B. K., & Sawyer, S. C. (2005). Using Information Technology. New york: Tata McGrawHill. 2
- 3. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, you will be able to § Define data, information and knowledge § Describe the type of information, qualities and characteristics of information § Define Technology, Information and Communication technology, Technology Convergence § Identify elements of a computer and communication system § Understand the application of ICT in business and personal lives § Understand the societal impact of ICT, challenges in information technology 3
- 4. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Data, information and knowledge § Data - Raw, unorganized facts - Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video § Information - Data that has been processed into a meaningful form - A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts. § Knowledge - The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision. 4
- 8. Don’t Stop until you’re proud How are data, information and knowledge linked? If we put Knowledge into an equation it would look like this: Information + application or use = Knowledge 8
- 9. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Type of information Data Represented by Alphanumeric data Numbers, letters, and other characters Image data Graphic images and pictures Audio data Sound, noise, or tones Video data Moving images or pictures 9
- 12. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Qualities and characteristics of information Characteristics Definitions Accessible Information should be easily accessible by authorized users so they can obtain it in the right format and at the right time to meet their needs. Accurate Accurate information is error free. In some cases, inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into the transformation process. Complete The full information contains all the important facts. For example, an investment report does not include all the significant expenses. Economical Information should also be relatively economical to produce. Decision makers must always balance the value of information with the cost of producing it. 12
- 13. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Cont. Characteristics Definitions Simple Information should be simple, not overly complex. Sophisticated and detailed information might not be needed. Relevant Relevant information is important to the decision maker. Information showing reducing the timber prices may not relevant to a computer chip maker. Reliable Reliable information can be trusted by users. In many cases, the reliability of the information depends on the reliability of the data-collection method. In other instances, reliability depends on the source of the information. Timely Timely information is delivered when it is needed. Knowing last week’s weather conditions will not help when trying to decide what coat to wear today. 13
- 14. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Technology, Information and Communication technology, Technology Convergence 14
- 15. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Technology § Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry or § Technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment. 15
- 16. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Information and Communication technology § ICT, or information and communications technology is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. § Although there is no single, universal definition for ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world. 16
- 17. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Technology Convergence § Technological convergence is a theory which refers to the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance §An example of technology convergence is smartphones, which combine the functionality of a telephone, a camera, a music player, and a digital personal assistant (among other things) into one device. 17
- 18. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Elements of a computer 18
- 20. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Elements of a communication system 20
- 21. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Application of ICT in business and personal lives § Computers appear almost everywhere in today’s world and the most people need to use a computer or a computerized device frequently on the job, at home, at school or while going here and there. 21
- 22. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Computers in Business § Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making, productivity, and communication. § Used by all types of employees § Used for access control and other security measures § Use by service professionals is growing § Used extensively by the military § Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer skills 22
- 24. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Computers in Personal Life Ø Computers used for a variety of tasks ‒ Looking up information and news ‒ Exchange e-mail ‒ Shopping and paying bills ‒ Watching TV and videos ‒ Downloading music and movies ‒ Organizing digital photographs ‒ Playing games ‒ Wireless networking ‒ Smart appliances ‒ Smart homes 24
- 27. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Computers in Education § Youth today can be called the computing generation § Most students today have access to computers at schools § Some schools in developed countries integrate e-books into the curriculum § Colleges and universities are even more integrated § Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college network § Distance learning §Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using computers and Internet access 27
- 30. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Computers on the Go Ø Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life ‒ Consumer kiosks ‒ Point of sale systems ‒ Self-checkout systems ‒ Computer authentication systems ‒ Portable computers or mobile devices ‒ GPS systems 30
- 33. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Societal impact of ICT § The vast improvements in technology over the past decade have had a distinct impact on daily life, both at home and at business §Benefits of a computer-oriented society § Ability to design products before construction leads to safer products § Earlier medical diagnose and more effective treatment § Devices that allow physical and/or visual challenged individuals to perform job tasks § Documents e-mailed or faxed in moments § Download information, music, programs, movies and more on demand 33
- 34. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Cont. § Risks / Challenges of computer-oriented society • Stress and health concerns • Computer viruses • Spam • Identity theft and phishing • Privacy issues 34
- 35. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Challenges in information technology § Workload § Cybersecurity § Skills gaps § Digital transformation § Cloud computing § Hiring § Budget § Leadership support in prioritizing new skills development § Analytics and data management § Automation § Project management § Career Growth 35
- 36. Don’t Stop until you’re proud Summary § Discuss the terms data, information and knowledge § What type of information, qualities and characteristics of information § Terms of Technology, Information and Communication technology, Technology Convergence § Elements of a computer and communication system § Got familiar with applications of ICT in business and personal lives § Paid attention to societal impact of ICT, challenges in information technology 36