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Eric VIBERT
Centre Hépato-Biliaire, INSERM U1193, DHU Hepatinnov
Hopital Paul Brousse, APHP, Villejuif
Les alternatives à la
Transplantation Hépatique Cadavérique
Slides disponibles sur SlideShare
La transplantation hépatique classique
Prélèvement Cœur Battant Foie entier
23%
78%
Type of Liver Graft in Europe
according to the Date of Transplantation
100
80
60
40
20
0
%
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Others : 14967 Cadaveric Full size : 94895
ELTR
Alternatives to the Use of the Full Size
Cadaveric Liver Grafts in Europe
100
80
60
40
20
0
%
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Reduced liver : 2292
NHB : 1318
Living donor : 6349
25%
50%
10%
Split liver : 6255
Domino : 881
ELTR
Transplantation d’un foie cadavérique partagée
Foie droit + Seg 4/1 Lobe Gauche Foie droit Foie Gauche
Split Adulte / Enfant Split pour 2 adultes
Transplantation d’un foie issu d’un donneur vivant
Foie droit Foie gauche
L’intérêt du Donneur Vivant dans le CHC ?
12% de Drop-out
Optimisation de l’attribution des greffons
Délai d’attente de 6 mois à 1 an
At Listing Actually Received Transplant
Candidates for
CDLT (n=147)
Candidates for LDLT
(n=36) P Value Transplanted with
CDLT (n=120)
Transplated with
LDLT (n=36) P value
Sex, men/women 125/22 32/4 0.55 100/20 32/4 0.41
Age, years 56 ± 8 55 ± 7 0.51 56 ± 8 54 ± 7 0.45
Ethiologiy of cirrhosis, n (%)
- Viral
- Alcoholic
- Other
99 (67)
38 (26)
10 (7)
28 (77)
6 (16)
2 (6)
0.27
88
26 (21)
6 (7)
28 (77)
6 (16)
2 (6)
0.58
HIV coinfection, n (%) 20 (13) 2 (6) 0.18 15 (12) 2 (5) 0.24
MELD score 13.5 ± 5.6 14.5 ± 6.0 0.35 14.5 ± 5.9 13.5 ± 5.9 0.35
AFP, ug/L 309 ± 2,052 207 ± 779 0.77 77.0 ± 360 207 ± 779 0.16
No. of nodules 2.0 ± 2.1 2.1 ± 1.7 0.81 1.9 ± 2.1 2.1 ± 1.7 0.68
Maximum tumor diameter, mm 29 ± 21 29 ± 11 0.95 30 ± 23 29 ± 11 0.73
Beyond Milan criteria, n (%) 33 (22) 10 (27) 0.49 26 (21) 10 (27) 0.44
Outside UCSF criteria, n (%) 20 (13) 5 (13) 0.96 16 (13) 5 (13) 0.93
Pretransplant ablation therapy, n (%) 68 (40) 13 (36) 0.80 45 (38) 12 (33) 0.73
Transarterial chemoembolization, n (%) 65 (96) 12 (92) 0.57 42 (93) 11 (92) 0.87
Radiofrequency ablation, n (%) 3 (4) 1 (8) 0.57 3 (7) 1 (8) 0.87
Survie identique après listing et transplantation
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 12 24 36 48 60
%ofsurvival
Patients at risk (N.)
CDLT
LDLT
147
36
129
30
83
26
64
19
Months
Log rank; p=0.68
73%
71%
80%
77%
89%
86%
89%
86%
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 12 24 36 48 60
%ofsurvival
Patients at risk (N.)
CDLT
LDLT
120
36
105
30
69
25
47
18
Months
Log rank; p=0.36
73%
82%
80%
82%
86%
90%
Les conséquences de la précipitation…
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0 12 24 36 48 60
Patients at risk (N.)
CDLT
LDLT
114
26
100
22
70
19
44
12
Months
Log rank; p=0.14
84%
70%
84%
77%
88%
88%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0 12 24 36 48 60
CDLT
LDLT
33
10
28
8
22
7
15
2
Months
Log rank; p=0.06
42%
74%
70%
78%
80%
85%
Dans Milan Hors Milan
At the End of Year
1 2 3 4 5 6
DDLT 5 9 11 15 19 20
LDLT 8 10 12 14 16 16
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 65
Years from Transplant
4321
Survie Sans Récidive
Number of
Recurrences
or Deaths
At the End of Year
1 2 3 4 5 6
DDLT 64 52 43 29 18 10
LDLT 36 29 21 14 7 4
Number at Risk
DDLT
LDLT
2012
1998-2009 : 229 patients avec HCC évalués pour un potentiel DV
100 Tranplantés en DV (LDLT), 97 en DC (CDLT) et 32 Non TH
Log-rank p=0.4973
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 65
Years from Transplant
4321
Survie Global
At the End of Year
1 2 3 4 5 6
DDLT 5 6 8 11 16 17
LDLT 4 9 10 12 12 13
Number of Deaths
At the End of Year
1 2 3 4 5 6
DDLT 64 55 46 31 18 10
LDLT 41 31 24 16 11 6
Number at Risk
DDLT
LDLT
Log-rank p=0.2969
At the End of Year
1 2 3 4 5 6
Non-LDLT 75 66 54 35 24 16
LDLT 40 31 24 16 11 6
Number at Risk
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 65
Years from Donor Evaluation
HR=0.90 p=0.8271
4321
Non-LDLT
LDLT
Salvage Transplantation for HCC on cirrhotic liver
Overall Survival in Paul Brousse Hospital
100
Log rank p= 0.038
100%
81%
Living donor : 11
Cadaveric donor : 22
80
60
40
20
0
50 4321
100%
56%
78%
41%
Activité de greffe hépatique à partir d’un donneur
vivant (sauf domino) adulte + enfants
Remerciement C. Antoine
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
 8 équipes autorisées pour le prélèvement de foie sur donneur vivant
 44 des 46 prélèvements réalisés sur 2 sites
Foie droit
Foie gauche
1
4 5
10 11
18 18
13 15 15
5
12
10
19 21
9
5
9
14 11
3
12 12
1 4
10
37 33
40 30
39
30
15
9
5
3
3
3
6
1
Living related LT in Europe - Donor Operative Mortality
6 / 3263 (0.18%) Oct. 1991 – June 2009
Early mortality < 2 months
Relation Type of graft Mortality Cause of death
Mother LLB 2 days Pulmonary embolism
Brother RLV 11 days Sepsis – MOF
Spouse RLV 21 days Sepsis – MOF
Mother RLV 32 days Heart failure
Son RLV 49 days MOF
Brother RLV 56 days
MOF associated
to myeloma
ELTR
 19 (0.16%) Décès en rapport avec le don dont 2 suicides
 136 (1.2%) Hépatectomies finalement non réalisées (Arrêt de Procédure - AH)
 126 (1.1%) Evènements « Near Miss » (Evénements qui aurait pu être fatal)
 4 (0.03%) Transplantation Hépatique et 1 (0.008%) Transplantation Rénale
71 Services (48% des centres mondiaux)
 11 553 Donneurs dans 21 pays
2000-2009
n=90
DV1 - DV45
n=45
DV45 - DV90
n=45
Transfusion 22(24%) 16(35%) 6(13%) <0.01
Durée Hosp 13 +/- 5 12 +/- 3 14 +/- 6 0.08
Réhosp. 19 (21%) 13 (28%) 6 (13%) 0.08
Morbidité 43 (47%) 22 (48%) 21 (46%) ns
Morbidité Mineure
Morbidité Majeure
32 (35%)
20 (22%)
13 (28%)
14 (31%)
19(42%)
6 (13%)
0.04
Fistule Biliaire 7 (14%) 7 (15%) 6 (15%) ns
Pulmonaire 4 (10%) 4 (9%) 5 (11%)
Insuffisance Hep 7 (8%) 6 (13%) 1 (2%) 0.05
Short- and long-term donor morbidity
in right lobe living donor liver transplantation:
91 consecutive cases in european center
Azoulay et al. Am J Transpl 2011
Operative morbidity of living donors in Japan
1989 – 2002 : 1853 donneurs sur 46 Centres – Pas de mortalité
Graft type n Mortality Morbidity (%)
Monosegment (segment 3) 8 0 0 (0)
Lateral segment 753 0 62 (8.2)*
Posterior segment 13 0 2 (15.4)
Left lobe 484 0 58 (12)†
Left lobe and caudate lobe 140 0 22 (15.7)
Right lobe 443 0 84 (19)
Total 1841 0 228 (12.4)
*p=0.038 compared with left lobe; p=0.011 compared with left lobe and caudale
lobe; and p<0.0001 compared with right lobe. † p=0.0035 compared with right lobe
Graft type n
Complication
Biliary fistula
Gastroduodenal
complication
Segment 3 8 0 (0-0%) 0 (0-0)
Lateral segment 753 14 (1-9%) 20 (2-7)
Posterior segment 13 0 (0-0%) 0 (0-0)
Left lobe 484 9 (1-9%) 20 (4-1)*
Left lobe and caudate lobe 140 5 (5-6%) 4 (2-9)
Right lobe 443 45 (10-2%)† 5 (1-1)
Total 1841 73 (4-0%) 49 (2-7)
*p=0.007 compared with right lobe; † p<0.0001 compared with lateral segment and left lobe
p=0.015 compared with left lobe and caudale lobe
Plus de complication Biliaire après Hépatectomie DrtMorbidité supérieur après Hépatectomie Drt
Factors
Left lobe
(n=200)
Right lobe
(n=112)
P-value
Complications (%)
SFSS 19.5 7.1 0.0063
HAT 2 1.7 NS
PVT 2 0.9 NS
ACR 16 17 NS
Bile leak 6.5 5.4 NS
Bile duct stictures 20 17 NS
Relaparotomy 15 8.9 NS
In-Hospital mortality 12 8 NS
Years posttransplant
0
20
40
60
80
100
2 4 6 10 12 14
Survie du Greffon Identique
0 8
Right lobe (n=112)
Left lobe (n=200)
P=NS
Cumulativesurvival(%)
Left Lobe
Left lobe
MELD <30 ; *GV/SLV >35%
Right lobe
Remnant liver volume >35%
Yes No
RLG selection HPCS (-)
GRWR = Poids du Greffon / Poids du Receveur
LLG selection
GRWR <0.6% GRWR >1%0.6% < GRWR < 1%
PVP >20mmHg PVP <20mmHg
HPCS (-)HCPS (+)
2013
Splenectomy si PP > 20 mm Hg
Firts author Year Surgical techniques or therapies Case no.
Nishizaki 2001 Adult-to-adult cases, predicted GV/SLV > 30% 1
Ikegami 2001 Left-lobe graft with the caudale lobe 17
Shimada 2004 Splenic artery ligation 37
Hiroshige 2003 Three-dimensional CT-based graft volumetry 39
Suehiro 2005 Graft venoplasty and recipient cavoplasty 50
Soejima 2012 Predicted GV/SLV >35% 102
Ikegami 2009 Splenectomy for portal venous pressure control 122
Refinements of surgical techniques and therapies forLeft-lobe living
donor liver transplantation
GV: Graft Volume; SLV: Strandard Liver Volume
0
10
20
30
Laparotomy
Portalvenouspressure(mmHg)
End of surgery
p<0.01
0
10
15
20
ERA-I
n=121
Totalbilirubin(mg/dl)
p=0.02
5
ERA-II
n=129
0
1
1.5
2
ERA-I
n=121
Ascitesoutput(L/day)
p<0.01
0.5
ERA-II
n=129
In conclusion, the outcomes of left-lobe LDLT were ignificantly improved by
accumulated experience and technical developments including wide veno-canal
anastomosis and splenectomy

Post-transplant years0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 5
Cumulative graft survival rate in Era-I and ERA-II
0 4
ERA-I (n=121)
ERA-II (n=129)
P<0.01
Cumulativegraftsurvivalrate(%)
DV1-DV121 DV121-DV250 p
MELD 15.7 +/- 7.4 16.4 +/- 7.3 ns
Donor 35 +/- 11 35 +/- 10 ns
Male 91 (75%) 41 (46%) 0.05
GRWR 0.84 +/- 0.25 0.71 +/- 0.13 0.01
Splenectomy 9(7.4%) 89 (69%) 0.01
Dysfunct 18 (15%) 9 (7%) 0.04
Survie 1 an 82% 91% 0.01
Open (n=20) Full Laparoscopic (n=22) p
Lenght of stay (mean ±SD), days 5.95 ± 1.5 4.27 ± 1.5 0.001
Back to work (mean ±SD), days 63.07 ± 38.2 33.66 ± 7.0 0.01
Blood loss (mean ±SD), cc 375.3 ± 190.9 177.3 ± 100.6 0.001
Surgery duration(mean ±SD)
6 hours 38 minutes
± 42 minutes
7 hours 58 minutes
± 1 hour
0.001
Hernia, n(%) 3 (15) 1 (4.5) 0.25
Bile leak, n(%) 2 (10) 1 (4.5) 0.49
Reoperation, n(%) 4 (20) 1 (4.5) 0.12
Donor Outcomes
 103 (100%) FD
utilisé localement
 13/21 (61%) FG
utilisé localement
 8 FG prélevés pour pédiatrie
Type d’hépatectomie pour DV à PB sur 15 ans
 Coelio Pur 4/21 (19%)
 Hybride 12/21 (57%)
 Laparo 5/21 (24%)
63
28
12
3
18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015
Count
Right
Left
Comparaison Donneur Foie droit – Foie Gauche
TH FD DV (n=103) TH FG DV (n=21) p
Age Donneur 39±12 40±7 0.4
Homme 35% 75% 0.002
Voie d’abord
Laparo
Hybride
Coelio pur
97.1%
2.9%
0%
23.8%
57.1%
19%
0.0001
Graft Weight Ratio (%) 0.78±0.17 1.34±0.18 < 0.0001
Perte Sanguine 708±585 478±405 0.1
Fistule Biliaire 15.5% 4.8% 0.1
Collection Post-Opératoire 3% 9.50% 0.4
Encephalopathie Hépatique 1.90% 0 0.7592
Pneumopathie 2.90% 4.80% 0.8
Durée Hospitalisation 12.9±5 7.3±2.5 0.0001
Biologie Post-opératoire Donneur FD vs FG
Time after hepatectomy
-40
20
40
60
80
100
Day 1 Day 5Day 3
Right
Left
Bilirubinlevel(mmol/l)
0
-20
Time after hepatectomy
-40
20
40
60
80
100
Day 1 Day 5Day 3
Right
Left
Bilirubinlevel(mmol/l)
0
-20
Résultat Transplantation Hep. Adulte FD vs FG
TH FD DV (n=108) TH FG DV (n=13) p
Age Receveur 46±13 45±19 0,8531
Indication
Cancer
End Stage Liver Disease
Maladie Métabolique
Hepatite Fulminante
55 (51%)
35 (32%)
14 (13%)
4 (4%)
8 (61%)
4 (31%)
1 (7%)
0 (%)
ns
Graft Weight Ratio (%) 1,15±0.3 0,72±0.2 < 0.0001
Durée Hospitalisation (Jours) 29±15 28±17 0,973
Sténose Biliaire N (%) 21 (19%) 1 (7%) 0,511
Thrombose AH N (%) 6 (5.6%) 2 (16%) 0,3932
Dysfonction Greffon / Small For Size N (%) 24 (20%) 9 (75%) 0,0004
ReTH N (%) 5 (4.6%) 3 (25%) 0,7237
Survie à 1 an 72% 69% 0,9
Early Recurrence
Into the HCC
Preemptive LT
CI à la TH
?
Test of time…
Swiss Watch
Late Recurrence
Into the parenchyma
Scatton et al. Liver Transpl.
Fuks et al. Hepatology
Bridge LT If recurrence
Salvage LT
2015
0.6
0.4
0.0
0
p=0.587
0.2
0.8
9624 48 72 12012 36 60 84 108
1.0
134
65
111
57
106
52
51
24
87
39
10
6
Intention-to-treat Transplanted patients
63
32
0.6
0.4
0.0
0
p=0.044
0.2OverallSurvival(%)
0.8
9624 48 72 12012 36 60 84 108
1.0
172
71
132
67
121
58
102
50
14
7
PH
No PH
Months
p=0.01
Months
p=0.04p=0.02
38%
22% 22%
16%
7%8%
Global
drop out
Tumor
progression
Drop out
due to TP
No PHPH
Uncontroled NHBD Maastrich 2 Controled NHBD Maastrich 3
Transplantation d’un foie issu d’un donneur
en arrêt cardio-circulatoire
5 à 8%
> 60%
IF < 8h
0 60 120 840660540420300180 780
Minutes
<15 min.
Cardiacarrest
CPR < 150 min.
Death
Operating room
Cold ischemia
<480 min. (liver)ANOR
<240 min
(1) (2) (3)
AS/AL < 200 UI/ml
0
20
40
60
80
100
Kidney
transplanted
Liver transplanted
Reins sur machine
NS
BDD
Type 2 DCD
0.2
Survival(%)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
480 12 24 36
Months
69%
p=0.031
0.0
0.2
Survival(%)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0 BDD
Type 2 DCD
480 12 24 36
Months
Patients Grafts
Liver Transplatation 21:631-643, 2015
13 transplantations
 3 PNF (23%) → 3 reTH → 1 Décès
 1 Décès post-op par Sepsis
 2 Sténose Biliaires (20%)
2010200920082007200620052004
80
90
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20032002*
1
3
2
2
6
11
2
9
18
4
14
29
2
10
25
7
16
31
4
17
35
4
20
45
8
16
59
Transplants (n=34)
Organ Donors (n=111)
Potential Donors (N=255)
-110 excluded during CRS
-145 excluded during NECMO
-111 excluded at organ recovery
400 protocol activations
290 canulations
145 organ donors
34 OLT 8,5%
< 15 min asystolie ≤150 min de planche à masser ≤240 min de NECMO
8/34 (12%) cplc. Biliaires
Dont 3 responsables de ReTH
Survie du malade et du greffon
DCD
DBD
6
207
9
254
14
315
17
390
24
463
34
538
0
20
Patientsurvival(%)
40
60
80
100 DBD
p=0.141
DCD
60480 12 24 24
Time (months)
DCD
DBD
4
193
6
242
10
304
12
375
19
444
34
538
DBD
p=0.011
DCD
20
gRAFTsurvival(%)
40
60
80
100
0
60480 12 24 24
Time (months)
Phase d’arrêt
Circulatoire
Prise en charge
Décision de
Limitation ou
Arrêt
Thérapeutique
Foie < 30 min
Poum. < 90 min
Rein < 120 min
Le Maastricht 3 à la Française….
Perfusion
des organes CRN
Admission Extubation
Constat
de décès
Asystolie
PAM
< 45 mmHg
Phase agonique
< 30 min !!!
Ischémie chaude
fonctionnelle
NHBD Maastrich 3 (n=8 pts) Résultats à Court Terme
Graft
type
Donor
Functional warm ischemia*
Age
(yr)
AST
(IU/L)
Total
DWIT
(min)
MAP
<50 mmHg
to flush
(min)
Syst P
<50 mmHg
to flush
(min)
Asysl
WIT
(min)
DCD (n=8)
1 40 183 26 25 22 20
2 38 246 41 30 26 18
3 54 33 39 34 30 17
4 62 40 32 29 25 15
5 37 26 42 31 28 17
6 55 120 36 22 20 16
7 53 62 36 34 29 21
8 64 273 43 41 36 17
Median 54 91 38 31 27 18
*No. of HCC in cohort - †1 x intrahepatic lymphoma, 1x lung cancer
DBD (n=8) DCD (n=8)
Primary non-function 0/8 0/8
Delayed graft function 0/8 0/8
Acute Kidney failure requiring
intermediate dialysis/
hemofiltration
3/8 2/8
Arterial thrombosis 0/8 0/8
Extrahepatic biliary
complications (strictures, leaks)
2/8 2/8
Intrahepatic biliary
cholangiopathy
0/8 0/8
Rejection (biopsy proven within
6 mo after transplantation)
5/8 1/8
Infection
Sepsis (+SIRS)
1/8
0/8
1/8
1/8
Secondary tumor 0/8 2/8*
Tumor (HCC) recurrence 0/1* 0/6*
Re-listing 0/8 0/8
Re-transplantation 0/8 0/8
6 month graft survival 100% (8/8) 100% (8/8)
1 à 2h de Perfusion Portale
Hypothermique Oxygénée
Belzer / p02 70 kPa
Graft loss
Results within 1 year after OLT
Dutkowski et al. ESA 2015.
Accepted in
Annals of Surgery
0
75
0
Time after OLT (days)
Graftsurvival(%)
DBD
25
50
50
Number at risk
HOPE treated DCD
Unperfused DCD
DBD
80
85
90
95
100
60 120 180 240 300 360
25
44
49
23
41
49
21
39
49
18
33
47
20
35
49
14
30
47
HOPE treated DCD
Un-perfused DCD
69%
96%
90%
First 6 months after OLT
 Dans le domaine du CHC, la TH DV ne modifie pas la survie
des patients. C’est un greffon supplémentaire pour
l’ensemble des malades sur liste
 L’utilisation du foie gauche de donneur vivant chez des
malades avec peu ou pas d’hypertension portale (en
absence de modulation de flux portale) est raisonnable
 Les résultats de la TH à cœur arrêté Maastricht 3 « à la
Française » seront liés aux machines des perfusions
Conclusions
Etude de Phase I/II : Faisabilité de la Modulation

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Les Alternative à la Transplantation Hépatique Cadavérique

  • 1. Eric VIBERT Centre Hépato-Biliaire, INSERM U1193, DHU Hepatinnov Hopital Paul Brousse, APHP, Villejuif Les alternatives à la Transplantation Hépatique Cadavérique Slides disponibles sur SlideShare
  • 2. La transplantation hépatique classique Prélèvement Cœur Battant Foie entier
  • 3. 23% 78% Type of Liver Graft in Europe according to the Date of Transplantation 100 80 60 40 20 0 % 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Others : 14967 Cadaveric Full size : 94895 ELTR
  • 4. Alternatives to the Use of the Full Size Cadaveric Liver Grafts in Europe 100 80 60 40 20 0 % 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Reduced liver : 2292 NHB : 1318 Living donor : 6349 25% 50% 10% Split liver : 6255 Domino : 881 ELTR
  • 5. Transplantation d’un foie cadavérique partagée Foie droit + Seg 4/1 Lobe Gauche Foie droit Foie Gauche Split Adulte / Enfant Split pour 2 adultes
  • 6. Transplantation d’un foie issu d’un donneur vivant Foie droit Foie gauche
  • 7. L’intérêt du Donneur Vivant dans le CHC ? 12% de Drop-out Optimisation de l’attribution des greffons Délai d’attente de 6 mois à 1 an
  • 8. At Listing Actually Received Transplant Candidates for CDLT (n=147) Candidates for LDLT (n=36) P Value Transplanted with CDLT (n=120) Transplated with LDLT (n=36) P value Sex, men/women 125/22 32/4 0.55 100/20 32/4 0.41 Age, years 56 ± 8 55 ± 7 0.51 56 ± 8 54 ± 7 0.45 Ethiologiy of cirrhosis, n (%) - Viral - Alcoholic - Other 99 (67) 38 (26) 10 (7) 28 (77) 6 (16) 2 (6) 0.27 88 26 (21) 6 (7) 28 (77) 6 (16) 2 (6) 0.58 HIV coinfection, n (%) 20 (13) 2 (6) 0.18 15 (12) 2 (5) 0.24 MELD score 13.5 ± 5.6 14.5 ± 6.0 0.35 14.5 ± 5.9 13.5 ± 5.9 0.35 AFP, ug/L 309 ± 2,052 207 ± 779 0.77 77.0 ± 360 207 ± 779 0.16 No. of nodules 2.0 ± 2.1 2.1 ± 1.7 0.81 1.9 ± 2.1 2.1 ± 1.7 0.68 Maximum tumor diameter, mm 29 ± 21 29 ± 11 0.95 30 ± 23 29 ± 11 0.73 Beyond Milan criteria, n (%) 33 (22) 10 (27) 0.49 26 (21) 10 (27) 0.44 Outside UCSF criteria, n (%) 20 (13) 5 (13) 0.96 16 (13) 5 (13) 0.93 Pretransplant ablation therapy, n (%) 68 (40) 13 (36) 0.80 45 (38) 12 (33) 0.73 Transarterial chemoembolization, n (%) 65 (96) 12 (92) 0.57 42 (93) 11 (92) 0.87 Radiofrequency ablation, n (%) 3 (4) 1 (8) 0.57 3 (7) 1 (8) 0.87
  • 9. Survie identique après listing et transplantation 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 %ofsurvival Patients at risk (N.) CDLT LDLT 147 36 129 30 83 26 64 19 Months Log rank; p=0.68 73% 71% 80% 77% 89% 86% 89% 86% 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 12 24 36 48 60 %ofsurvival Patients at risk (N.) CDLT LDLT 120 36 105 30 69 25 47 18 Months Log rank; p=0.36 73% 82% 80% 82% 86% 90%
  • 10. Les conséquences de la précipitation… 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 12 24 36 48 60 Patients at risk (N.) CDLT LDLT 114 26 100 22 70 19 44 12 Months Log rank; p=0.14 84% 70% 84% 77% 88% 88% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 12 24 36 48 60 CDLT LDLT 33 10 28 8 22 7 15 2 Months Log rank; p=0.06 42% 74% 70% 78% 80% 85% Dans Milan Hors Milan
  • 11. At the End of Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 DDLT 5 9 11 15 19 20 LDLT 8 10 12 14 16 16 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 65 Years from Transplant 4321 Survie Sans Récidive Number of Recurrences or Deaths At the End of Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 DDLT 64 52 43 29 18 10 LDLT 36 29 21 14 7 4 Number at Risk DDLT LDLT 2012 1998-2009 : 229 patients avec HCC évalués pour un potentiel DV 100 Tranplantés en DV (LDLT), 97 en DC (CDLT) et 32 Non TH Log-rank p=0.4973 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 65 Years from Transplant 4321 Survie Global At the End of Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 DDLT 5 6 8 11 16 17 LDLT 4 9 10 12 12 13 Number of Deaths At the End of Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 DDLT 64 55 46 31 18 10 LDLT 41 31 24 16 11 6 Number at Risk DDLT LDLT Log-rank p=0.2969
  • 12. At the End of Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Non-LDLT 75 66 54 35 24 16 LDLT 40 31 24 16 11 6 Number at Risk 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 65 Years from Donor Evaluation HR=0.90 p=0.8271 4321 Non-LDLT LDLT
  • 13. Salvage Transplantation for HCC on cirrhotic liver Overall Survival in Paul Brousse Hospital 100 Log rank p= 0.038 100% 81% Living donor : 11 Cadaveric donor : 22 80 60 40 20 0 50 4321 100% 56% 78% 41%
  • 14.
  • 15. Activité de greffe hépatique à partir d’un donneur vivant (sauf domino) adulte + enfants Remerciement C. Antoine 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014  8 équipes autorisées pour le prélèvement de foie sur donneur vivant  44 des 46 prélèvements réalisés sur 2 sites Foie droit Foie gauche 1 4 5 10 11 18 18 13 15 15 5 12 10 19 21 9 5 9 14 11 3 12 12 1 4 10 37 33 40 30 39 30 15 9 5 3 3 3 6 1
  • 16. Living related LT in Europe - Donor Operative Mortality 6 / 3263 (0.18%) Oct. 1991 – June 2009 Early mortality < 2 months Relation Type of graft Mortality Cause of death Mother LLB 2 days Pulmonary embolism Brother RLV 11 days Sepsis – MOF Spouse RLV 21 days Sepsis – MOF Mother RLV 32 days Heart failure Son RLV 49 days MOF Brother RLV 56 days MOF associated to myeloma ELTR
  • 17.  19 (0.16%) Décès en rapport avec le don dont 2 suicides  136 (1.2%) Hépatectomies finalement non réalisées (Arrêt de Procédure - AH)  126 (1.1%) Evènements « Near Miss » (Evénements qui aurait pu être fatal)  4 (0.03%) Transplantation Hépatique et 1 (0.008%) Transplantation Rénale 71 Services (48% des centres mondiaux)  11 553 Donneurs dans 21 pays
  • 18. 2000-2009 n=90 DV1 - DV45 n=45 DV45 - DV90 n=45 Transfusion 22(24%) 16(35%) 6(13%) <0.01 Durée Hosp 13 +/- 5 12 +/- 3 14 +/- 6 0.08 Réhosp. 19 (21%) 13 (28%) 6 (13%) 0.08 Morbidité 43 (47%) 22 (48%) 21 (46%) ns Morbidité Mineure Morbidité Majeure 32 (35%) 20 (22%) 13 (28%) 14 (31%) 19(42%) 6 (13%) 0.04 Fistule Biliaire 7 (14%) 7 (15%) 6 (15%) ns Pulmonaire 4 (10%) 4 (9%) 5 (11%) Insuffisance Hep 7 (8%) 6 (13%) 1 (2%) 0.05 Short- and long-term donor morbidity in right lobe living donor liver transplantation: 91 consecutive cases in european center Azoulay et al. Am J Transpl 2011
  • 19. Operative morbidity of living donors in Japan 1989 – 2002 : 1853 donneurs sur 46 Centres – Pas de mortalité Graft type n Mortality Morbidity (%) Monosegment (segment 3) 8 0 0 (0) Lateral segment 753 0 62 (8.2)* Posterior segment 13 0 2 (15.4) Left lobe 484 0 58 (12)† Left lobe and caudate lobe 140 0 22 (15.7) Right lobe 443 0 84 (19) Total 1841 0 228 (12.4) *p=0.038 compared with left lobe; p=0.011 compared with left lobe and caudale lobe; and p<0.0001 compared with right lobe. † p=0.0035 compared with right lobe Graft type n Complication Biliary fistula Gastroduodenal complication Segment 3 8 0 (0-0%) 0 (0-0) Lateral segment 753 14 (1-9%) 20 (2-7) Posterior segment 13 0 (0-0%) 0 (0-0) Left lobe 484 9 (1-9%) 20 (4-1)* Left lobe and caudate lobe 140 5 (5-6%) 4 (2-9) Right lobe 443 45 (10-2%)† 5 (1-1) Total 1841 73 (4-0%) 49 (2-7) *p=0.007 compared with right lobe; † p<0.0001 compared with lateral segment and left lobe p=0.015 compared with left lobe and caudale lobe Plus de complication Biliaire après Hépatectomie DrtMorbidité supérieur après Hépatectomie Drt
  • 20.
  • 21. Factors Left lobe (n=200) Right lobe (n=112) P-value Complications (%) SFSS 19.5 7.1 0.0063 HAT 2 1.7 NS PVT 2 0.9 NS ACR 16 17 NS Bile leak 6.5 5.4 NS Bile duct stictures 20 17 NS Relaparotomy 15 8.9 NS In-Hospital mortality 12 8 NS Years posttransplant 0 20 40 60 80 100 2 4 6 10 12 14 Survie du Greffon Identique 0 8 Right lobe (n=112) Left lobe (n=200) P=NS Cumulativesurvival(%) Left Lobe Left lobe MELD <30 ; *GV/SLV >35% Right lobe Remnant liver volume >35% Yes No
  • 22. RLG selection HPCS (-) GRWR = Poids du Greffon / Poids du Receveur LLG selection GRWR <0.6% GRWR >1%0.6% < GRWR < 1% PVP >20mmHg PVP <20mmHg HPCS (-)HCPS (+)
  • 23. 2013 Splenectomy si PP > 20 mm Hg Firts author Year Surgical techniques or therapies Case no. Nishizaki 2001 Adult-to-adult cases, predicted GV/SLV > 30% 1 Ikegami 2001 Left-lobe graft with the caudale lobe 17 Shimada 2004 Splenic artery ligation 37 Hiroshige 2003 Three-dimensional CT-based graft volumetry 39 Suehiro 2005 Graft venoplasty and recipient cavoplasty 50 Soejima 2012 Predicted GV/SLV >35% 102 Ikegami 2009 Splenectomy for portal venous pressure control 122 Refinements of surgical techniques and therapies forLeft-lobe living donor liver transplantation GV: Graft Volume; SLV: Strandard Liver Volume 0 10 20 30 Laparotomy Portalvenouspressure(mmHg) End of surgery p<0.01 0 10 15 20 ERA-I n=121 Totalbilirubin(mg/dl) p=0.02 5 ERA-II n=129 0 1 1.5 2 ERA-I n=121 Ascitesoutput(L/day) p<0.01 0.5 ERA-II n=129 In conclusion, the outcomes of left-lobe LDLT were ignificantly improved by accumulated experience and technical developments including wide veno-canal anastomosis and splenectomy 
  • 24. Post-transplant years0 20 40 60 80 100 1 2 3 5 Cumulative graft survival rate in Era-I and ERA-II 0 4 ERA-I (n=121) ERA-II (n=129) P<0.01 Cumulativegraftsurvivalrate(%) DV1-DV121 DV121-DV250 p MELD 15.7 +/- 7.4 16.4 +/- 7.3 ns Donor 35 +/- 11 35 +/- 10 ns Male 91 (75%) 41 (46%) 0.05 GRWR 0.84 +/- 0.25 0.71 +/- 0.13 0.01 Splenectomy 9(7.4%) 89 (69%) 0.01 Dysfunct 18 (15%) 9 (7%) 0.04 Survie 1 an 82% 91% 0.01
  • 25. Open (n=20) Full Laparoscopic (n=22) p Lenght of stay (mean ±SD), days 5.95 ± 1.5 4.27 ± 1.5 0.001 Back to work (mean ±SD), days 63.07 ± 38.2 33.66 ± 7.0 0.01 Blood loss (mean ±SD), cc 375.3 ± 190.9 177.3 ± 100.6 0.001 Surgery duration(mean ±SD) 6 hours 38 minutes ± 42 minutes 7 hours 58 minutes ± 1 hour 0.001 Hernia, n(%) 3 (15) 1 (4.5) 0.25 Bile leak, n(%) 2 (10) 1 (4.5) 0.49 Reoperation, n(%) 4 (20) 1 (4.5) 0.12 Donor Outcomes
  • 26.  103 (100%) FD utilisé localement  13/21 (61%) FG utilisé localement  8 FG prélevés pour pédiatrie Type d’hépatectomie pour DV à PB sur 15 ans  Coelio Pur 4/21 (19%)  Hybride 12/21 (57%)  Laparo 5/21 (24%) 63 28 12 3 18 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 Count Right Left
  • 27. Comparaison Donneur Foie droit – Foie Gauche TH FD DV (n=103) TH FG DV (n=21) p Age Donneur 39±12 40±7 0.4 Homme 35% 75% 0.002 Voie d’abord Laparo Hybride Coelio pur 97.1% 2.9% 0% 23.8% 57.1% 19% 0.0001 Graft Weight Ratio (%) 0.78±0.17 1.34±0.18 < 0.0001 Perte Sanguine 708±585 478±405 0.1 Fistule Biliaire 15.5% 4.8% 0.1 Collection Post-Opératoire 3% 9.50% 0.4 Encephalopathie Hépatique 1.90% 0 0.7592 Pneumopathie 2.90% 4.80% 0.8 Durée Hospitalisation 12.9±5 7.3±2.5 0.0001
  • 28. Biologie Post-opératoire Donneur FD vs FG Time after hepatectomy -40 20 40 60 80 100 Day 1 Day 5Day 3 Right Left Bilirubinlevel(mmol/l) 0 -20 Time after hepatectomy -40 20 40 60 80 100 Day 1 Day 5Day 3 Right Left Bilirubinlevel(mmol/l) 0 -20
  • 29. Résultat Transplantation Hep. Adulte FD vs FG TH FD DV (n=108) TH FG DV (n=13) p Age Receveur 46±13 45±19 0,8531 Indication Cancer End Stage Liver Disease Maladie Métabolique Hepatite Fulminante 55 (51%) 35 (32%) 14 (13%) 4 (4%) 8 (61%) 4 (31%) 1 (7%) 0 (%) ns Graft Weight Ratio (%) 1,15±0.3 0,72±0.2 < 0.0001 Durée Hospitalisation (Jours) 29±15 28±17 0,973 Sténose Biliaire N (%) 21 (19%) 1 (7%) 0,511 Thrombose AH N (%) 6 (5.6%) 2 (16%) 0,3932 Dysfonction Greffon / Small For Size N (%) 24 (20%) 9 (75%) 0,0004 ReTH N (%) 5 (4.6%) 3 (25%) 0,7237 Survie à 1 an 72% 69% 0,9
  • 30. Early Recurrence Into the HCC Preemptive LT CI à la TH ? Test of time… Swiss Watch Late Recurrence Into the parenchyma Scatton et al. Liver Transpl. Fuks et al. Hepatology Bridge LT If recurrence Salvage LT
  • 31. 2015 0.6 0.4 0.0 0 p=0.587 0.2 0.8 9624 48 72 12012 36 60 84 108 1.0 134 65 111 57 106 52 51 24 87 39 10 6 Intention-to-treat Transplanted patients 63 32 0.6 0.4 0.0 0 p=0.044 0.2OverallSurvival(%) 0.8 9624 48 72 12012 36 60 84 108 1.0 172 71 132 67 121 58 102 50 14 7 PH No PH Months p=0.01 Months p=0.04p=0.02 38% 22% 22% 16% 7%8% Global drop out Tumor progression Drop out due to TP No PHPH
  • 32. Uncontroled NHBD Maastrich 2 Controled NHBD Maastrich 3 Transplantation d’un foie issu d’un donneur en arrêt cardio-circulatoire
  • 33. 5 à 8% > 60% IF < 8h 0 60 120 840660540420300180 780 Minutes <15 min. Cardiacarrest CPR < 150 min. Death Operating room Cold ischemia <480 min. (liver)ANOR <240 min (1) (2) (3) AS/AL < 200 UI/ml 0 20 40 60 80 100 Kidney transplanted Liver transplanted Reins sur machine NS BDD Type 2 DCD 0.2 Survival(%) 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 480 12 24 36 Months 69% p=0.031 0.0 0.2 Survival(%) 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 BDD Type 2 DCD 480 12 24 36 Months Patients Grafts Liver Transplatation 21:631-643, 2015 13 transplantations  3 PNF (23%) → 3 reTH → 1 Décès  1 Décès post-op par Sepsis  2 Sténose Biliaires (20%)
  • 34. 2010200920082007200620052004 80 90 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20032002* 1 3 2 2 6 11 2 9 18 4 14 29 2 10 25 7 16 31 4 17 35 4 20 45 8 16 59 Transplants (n=34) Organ Donors (n=111) Potential Donors (N=255) -110 excluded during CRS -145 excluded during NECMO -111 excluded at organ recovery 400 protocol activations 290 canulations 145 organ donors 34 OLT 8,5% < 15 min asystolie ≤150 min de planche à masser ≤240 min de NECMO
  • 35. 8/34 (12%) cplc. Biliaires Dont 3 responsables de ReTH Survie du malade et du greffon DCD DBD 6 207 9 254 14 315 17 390 24 463 34 538 0 20 Patientsurvival(%) 40 60 80 100 DBD p=0.141 DCD 60480 12 24 24 Time (months) DCD DBD 4 193 6 242 10 304 12 375 19 444 34 538 DBD p=0.011 DCD 20 gRAFTsurvival(%) 40 60 80 100 0 60480 12 24 24 Time (months)
  • 36. Phase d’arrêt Circulatoire Prise en charge Décision de Limitation ou Arrêt Thérapeutique Foie < 30 min Poum. < 90 min Rein < 120 min Le Maastricht 3 à la Française…. Perfusion des organes CRN Admission Extubation Constat de décès Asystolie PAM < 45 mmHg Phase agonique < 30 min !!! Ischémie chaude fonctionnelle
  • 37. NHBD Maastrich 3 (n=8 pts) Résultats à Court Terme Graft type Donor Functional warm ischemia* Age (yr) AST (IU/L) Total DWIT (min) MAP <50 mmHg to flush (min) Syst P <50 mmHg to flush (min) Asysl WIT (min) DCD (n=8) 1 40 183 26 25 22 20 2 38 246 41 30 26 18 3 54 33 39 34 30 17 4 62 40 32 29 25 15 5 37 26 42 31 28 17 6 55 120 36 22 20 16 7 53 62 36 34 29 21 8 64 273 43 41 36 17 Median 54 91 38 31 27 18 *No. of HCC in cohort - †1 x intrahepatic lymphoma, 1x lung cancer DBD (n=8) DCD (n=8) Primary non-function 0/8 0/8 Delayed graft function 0/8 0/8 Acute Kidney failure requiring intermediate dialysis/ hemofiltration 3/8 2/8 Arterial thrombosis 0/8 0/8 Extrahepatic biliary complications (strictures, leaks) 2/8 2/8 Intrahepatic biliary cholangiopathy 0/8 0/8 Rejection (biopsy proven within 6 mo after transplantation) 5/8 1/8 Infection Sepsis (+SIRS) 1/8 0/8 1/8 1/8 Secondary tumor 0/8 2/8* Tumor (HCC) recurrence 0/1* 0/6* Re-listing 0/8 0/8 Re-transplantation 0/8 0/8 6 month graft survival 100% (8/8) 100% (8/8) 1 à 2h de Perfusion Portale Hypothermique Oxygénée Belzer / p02 70 kPa
  • 38. Graft loss Results within 1 year after OLT Dutkowski et al. ESA 2015. Accepted in Annals of Surgery 0 75 0 Time after OLT (days) Graftsurvival(%) DBD 25 50 50 Number at risk HOPE treated DCD Unperfused DCD DBD 80 85 90 95 100 60 120 180 240 300 360 25 44 49 23 41 49 21 39 49 18 33 47 20 35 49 14 30 47 HOPE treated DCD Un-perfused DCD 69% 96% 90% First 6 months after OLT
  • 39.  Dans le domaine du CHC, la TH DV ne modifie pas la survie des patients. C’est un greffon supplémentaire pour l’ensemble des malades sur liste  L’utilisation du foie gauche de donneur vivant chez des malades avec peu ou pas d’hypertension portale (en absence de modulation de flux portale) est raisonnable  Les résultats de la TH à cœur arrêté Maastricht 3 « à la Française » seront liés aux machines des perfusions Conclusions
  • 40. Etude de Phase I/II : Faisabilité de la Modulation