An electrical system supplies electricity to components and equipment in a building. It consists of connections between elements like overhead lines, poles, transformers, and devices. Electrical systems provide important functions like lighting, powering air conditioners, backups, elevators, and security systems. There are different types of electrical systems including single phase, two phase, and three phase. Efficiency can be improved by using renewable energy sources like small solar, wind, or hybrid systems to meet electricity needs.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
SYSTEMS-II
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR
EFFICIENCY

2. WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM?
 An electrical system is a utility that supplies
electricity to the required components and
equipment within a building.
 An electrical system consists of all of the
elements needed to distribute electrical power,
including overhead and underground lines, poles,
transformers, and other equipment.
 The system is made up of connections of several
equipments integrated within the building
structure.
 The sources of energy could be either solar
energy or electricity from the mains.

4. IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
 There are several benefits of electrical
systems in a building and its components.
 In a building, numerous devices form part of
an electrical system.
 The devices might include lighting bulbs,
heaters, fans, switches, generators,
transformer, electric cables, sockets, batteries,
inverter, and solar panels.
 Electrical system provides the power needed
to light the building during the day and night.

5. IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
 Lighting system plays a crucial role in
enhancing security at nights.
 Other devices and components that require
electrical systems are heaters and fans.
 The proper functioning of air conditioners
provides an appropriate working environment
within the building.
 Generators can be used as a power backup
supply to the critical equipments within a
building.

6. IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
 The functioning of elevators and lifts within a
building require electricity without any
interruptions.
 In addition, other devices such as computers
require power at all times.
 The computers used in control of lifts, security
control rooms, closed circuit television need to
be powered to be operational at all times.
 Security guards require lighting systems for
proper surveillance.

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
 Single Phase: Single phase electrical
systems have three wires within the installation.
Two of these wires are “hot”, one being the
‘Line’ and the other the ‘Neutral’ while the third
one is ground. Common appliances such as
light bulbs, fridges, TVs, press irons, etc., have
a small enough line load to require a single
phase electrical feed.

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
 Two Phase: Apartments and Condos, usually
would use two phases for each unit so they
would have two live wires and a neutral. These
systems are known as two-phase, three wire-
systems.

9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
 Three Phase: Three phase electrical
systems are supplied by four wires, three
carrying lines and a neutral one making this
system more efficient than a single phase one.
All types of machinery that use large motors to
operate, including central AC units, pumps, air
handling units, garbage compactors, elevators,
and snow melting systems run on three phase
systems and require three-phase electrical
meters.

10. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
 Universal Voltage Input: Having a universal
voltage electrical meters is advantageous. That
is a single meter that can operate at all these
different voltages. This provides the installer
with a single model that can literally be installed
in any type of low voltage installation, whether
residential, commercial or industrial, to the user
the flexibility of changing it from one circuit to
another.

11. Types of Electrical Switches
 TYPES OF SWITCHES DEPENDING ON THE
SPECIFICATIONS:
 One-way (Single-pole) Electrical Switch: If a
light switch is ‘1 way’ this means it is just an on/off
switch. This is the simplest type of switch that you
can get. The single switch controls a single light
(or lighting circuit).
 Two-way (Double-pole) Electrical Switch: A ‘2
way’ switch means there is another switch
controlling the same light. These are often used
on a stair case, large room with switches by each
door.

13. Types of Electrical Switches
 TYPES OF SWITCHES DEPENDING ON
USAGE:
 Do Not Disturb Switch: Entirely different from
the regular switches available in the market, this
soft touch operating switch is generally used in
places like hospitals and hotels.
 Light Dimmer / Stepless Regulator: A light
dimmer/stepless regulator is used to control or
change the speed of a fan or sometimes to
change the intensity of a light between bright and
dim.
 Bell Push Switch: A Bell Push switch is
connected to a doorbell. So, when the switch is
pushed, it rings the bell connected to it.

14. Types Of Lighting

15. Types Of Lighting

16. Efficiency Level for the Electrical
Systems
 Planning for a home/space renewable energy
system is a process that includes analyzing your
existing electricity use, looking at local codes and
requirements, deciding if you want to operate your
system on or off of the electric grid, and
understanding technology options you have for your
site.
 If you're designing a new home, work with the
builder and your contractor to incorporate your small
renewable energy system into your whole-house
design, an approach for building an energy-efficient
home, in case your electrical system fails.

17. Efficiency Level for the Electrical
Systems
 A renewable energy system can be used to
supply some or all of your electricity needs,
using technologies like:
1. Small solar electric systems
2. Small wind electric systems
3. Micro hydropower systems
4. Small hybrid electric systems (solar and wind)

18. Efficiency Level for the Electrical
Systems
 Small solar electric systems -- A small solar
electric or photovoltaic system can be a reliable and
pollution-free producer of electricity for your home
or office. Small photovoltaic systems also provide a
cost-effective power supply in locations where it is
expensive or impossible to send electricity through
conventional power lines.
 Small wind electric systems -- Small wind electric
systems are one of the most cost-effective home-
based renewable energy systems. They can also be
used for a variety of other applications, including
water pumping on farms and ranches.

19. Efficiency Level for the Electrical
Systems
 Micro hydropower systems --
Microhydropower systems usually generate up
to 100 kilowatts of electricity, though a 10-
kilowatt system can generally provide enough
power for a large home, small resort, or a hobby
farm.
 Small “hybrid” solar and wind electric
systems -- Because the peak operating times
for wind and solar systems occur at different
times of the day and year, hybrid systems are
more likely to produce power when you need it.

20. Efficiency Level for the Electrical
Systems
 A thorough examination of your electricity needs
helps you determine the following:
1. The size (and therefore, cost) of the system
you will need.
2. How your energy needs fluctuate throughout
the day and over the year.
3. Measures you can take to reduce your
electricity use.

21. ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

22. ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS